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abacavir sulfate

✓ Approved

Roche · 辅助诊断 · 辅助诊断

什么是 abacavir sulfate？

abacavir sulfate 是一种辅助诊断，由Roche研发。该药已获批，用于治疗相关适应症，给药途径：Others。

药物档案

公司Roche
药物类别辅助诊断
给药途径Others
状态Approved
来源： ClinicalTrials.gov, Roche

相关研究文献

PubMedAntibiotics (Basel, Switzerland)2026-07-27

Evolution and Antimicrobial Resistance Profiles of Klebsiella spp. Infections in Companion Animals in the Iberian Peninsula.

Jiménez-Serrano María M, Vidal Anna A, Duran Inma I, Seminati Chiara C et al.

Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) in companion animals is an increasing concern within the One Health framework, particularly regarding opportunistic pathogens such as Klebsiella spp. This retrospective study evaluated the epidemiology, antimicrobial susceptibility profiles, and temporal resistance trends of Klebsiella spp. infections in dogs and cats across the Iberian Peninsula. A total of 809 clinical isolates collected between 2016 and 2024 and submitted to a private diagnostic laboratory in Barcelona were analysed. Klebsiella pneumoniae was the predominant species (70%), more frequently identified in cats (76%) than in dogs (68%). Dermatological and respiratory samples exhibited the highest prevalence of multidrug-resistant (MDR) isolates. Overall MDR prevalence was high, particularly in cats (51.1%; 95% CI 41.1-60.9%) compared with dogs (38.4%; 95% CI 34.1-42.8%) although it was not statistically significant. K. pneumoniae generally exhibited higher resistance rates than K. oxytoca, particularly to amoxicillin/clavulanic acid, first-/second-generation cephalosporins, third-/fourth-generation cephalosporins (3/4th GC), fluoroquinolones, and tetracyclines. In both bacterial species, resistance rates were consistently higher among feline isolates. In contrast, aminoglycosides and phenicols retained high activity against most isolates. Temporal analysis revealed a significant increasing resistance trend to amoxicillin/clavulanic acid, which is particularly concerning given the widespread use of this antimicrobial as a first-line treatment in small animal practice. However, resistance trend to aminoglycosides showed a significant decline. No significant temporal changes were detected for 3/4th GC and fluoroquinolones, suggesting the persistence of resistant populations within companion animals. Resistance to aminoglycosides and phenicols remained comparatively low in this study. Whereas critically important category B antimicrobials, such as 3/4th GC and fluoroquinolones, exhibited low to moderate effectiveness, raising concerns about their empirical use. These findings highlight the substantial AMR and MDR burden of K. pneumoniae in companion animals in the Iberian Peninsula and reinforce the need for prudent antimicrobial use, routine susceptibility testing, and integrated One Health surveillance strategies.

PMID 42505641
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PubMedAntibiotics (Basel, Switzerland)2026-07-27

First Report of a blaOXA-484-Harbouring Escherichia coli ST167 Isolated from the Urine Sample of a Dog of Italian Origin.

Biggel Michael M, Nüesch-Inderbinen Magdalena M, Schmitt Sarah S, Schneeberger Marianne M et al.

Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is a global threat to both human and animal health. Carbapenems are last-resort antimicrobials used to treat severe infections with multidrug-resistant Gram-negative nosocomial pathogens in humans. Therefore, the dissemination of carbapenemase-producing Enterobacterales (CPE) has emerged as a major concern worldwide. Although carbapenems are not routinely used in veterinary medicine, CPE, including OXA-48-like-producing Escherichia coli, are increasingly being reported in companion animals. We document the first report of E. coli-harbouring blaOXA-484 isolated from a urine sample from a dog with a history of chronic thoracolumbar myelopathy. Using a combined Oxford Nanopore (ONT) long-reads and Illumina short-reads sequencing approach, the isolate was characterized and an IncF plasmid containing blaOXA-484 was reconstructed. The isolate belonged to sequence type (ST)167, which is an emerging high-risk clone frequently reported among human clinical isolates. The blaOXA-484 gene was harboured in a composite transposon bracketed by IS26 identical to that of blaOXA-484 carried on an IncX plasmid pOXA-484-JS316 from a human clinical E. coli ST410 from Germany. The isolation of the epidemic clone ST167 harbouring blaOXA-484 from a canine infection raises the hypothesis of a transmission event between humans and companion animals.

PMID 42505615
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PubMedGels (Basel, Switzerland)2026-07-27

Fabrication of Chondroitin Sulfate-Copper/Zinc Complexes and Antibacterial Activity Involving Hydrogel Application in Infected Wound Healing.

Shen Qingshan Q, Wu Jiarui J, Li Jiawen J, Dong Yujie Y et al.

The escalating prevalence of bacterial infections has intensified the search for innovative antimicrobial strategies, particularly for infected wound management. Chondroitin sulfate (CS), a naturally occurring glycosaminoglycan with established biocompatibility, presents an attractive scaffold for developing metal ion-functionalized biomaterials. This study reports the fabrication of chondroitin sulfate-copper complex (CSCu) and chondroitin sulfate-zinc complex (CSZn) through an ion exchange method, wherein Cu2+ and Zn2+ ions bind to the groups of carboxylate, sulfate, or N-acetyl from the CS backbone. The resulting complexes exhibited copper or zinc loading capacities of about 6.6% and demonstrated potent antibacterial activity against E. coli and S. aureus. The integration of CSCu or CSZn with sodium alginate yielded a hydrogel system with a higher apparent viscosity, possessing injectability and spreadability on the skin surface and a porous three-dimensional internal structure conducive to wound healing applications. In a murine model of S. aureus-infected full-thickness wounds, topical application of CSCu and CSZn hydrogels substantially accelerated wound closure, achieving 97.46% and 98.11% healing, respectively, by day 10. Additionally, treatment with CSCu or CSZn hydrogels significantly attenuated systemic inflammatory responses, as reflected in lowered serum TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6 alongside increased IL-10. Histological evaluation confirmed enhanced re-epithelialization and stratum spinosum formation in treated wounds. These findings establish CSCu and CSZn as a promising bioactive agent for addressing bacterial wound infections through a dual mechanism of direct antibacterial action and immunomodulatory effects, offering a valuable alternative to conventional antibiotic therapies.

PMID 42505315
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PubMedCells2026-07-27

Changes in Expression of Syndecans and Heparan Sulfate Biosynthesis Enzymes in Short-Term Streptozotocin-Induced Diabetic Rat Kidneys.

Čujić Tanja T, Racetin Anita A, Filipović Natalija N, Kostić Sandra S et al.

The aim of this study was to determine the temporal expression patterns of syndecan family members (SDC1, SDC2, SDC4) and heparan sulfate biosynthesis enzymes (NDST1, NDST2) in kidneys of diabetic rats and age-matched controls. Male Sprague-Dawley rats received intraperitoneal streptozotocin (55 mg/kg; DM1 group) or citrate buffer (control group). Kidney samples were harvested after 2 weeks and 2 months and processed for immunofluorescence. SDC1 showed significant temporal upregulation in controls that was abolished in diabetic animals. SDC2 exhibited high early expression in the control group with significant decline as the kidneys matured but remained elevated in diabetic kidneys at 2 months compared to controls. SDC4 showed no significant difference between groups, though an age-related decrease was observed in controls. NDST1 was significantly upregulated in diabetic rats at 2 weeks, followed by profound suppression at 2 months (p < 0.0001). NDST2 showed modest but significant early elevation in diabetic animals. Transcript-level analysis of two independent public datasets of streptozotocin-induced diabetic rat renal cortex reproduced the principal directional findings-an early increase in SDC1 and a progressive elevation of SDC2-while indicating post-transcriptional regulation of SDC4 and the early NDST response. Diabetes disrupts normal temporal expression of syndecans and heparan sulfate biosynthesis enzymes in rat kidneys. Early compensatory upregulation of NDST1 and NDST2, followed by progressive NDST1 suppression, suggests a deteriorating heparan sulfate biosynthetic capacity, potentially contributing to the progression of diabetic nephropathy.

PMID 42505386
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PubMedMarine drugs2026-07-27

Bioactive Glycosaminoglycans from Caranx crysos: A Structure-Function Study of Selective Anticoagulant Activity.

Kroumi Ranim R, Alimi Soumaya S, Esposito Fabiana F, Haffouz Asma A et al.

Glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) are the carbohydrate portion of proteoglycans (PGS), a family of complex biomacromolecules ubiquitously found in the extracellular matrix and on cell surfaces that play critical roles in a plethora of physiological and pathological processes. In the present work, chondroitin sulfate (CS) and dermatan sulfate (DS) were extracted and purified from the head (GCB) and skin (GDB) of blue runner fish (Caranx crysos) to explore their structural features and biological properties. GCB and GDB were purified by ion-exchange chromatography with yields of 0.82% and 0.61%, respectively. Chemical and structural analysis showed that GCB and GDD demonstrated quite similar sulfation degrees (4.45% and 4.24%, respectively). The molecular weight values obtained for GCB and GDB as estimated by high-performance size exclusion chromatography coupled with a triple detector array (HP-SEC-TDA) were 48.9 and 28.54 KDa, respectively. Structural features were elucidated using FT-IR and 2D NMR spectroscopy. GCB was mainly identified as chondroitin sulfate, containing 82% GlcA and minor proportions of IdoA and IdoA2S (scoring 18% dermatan-like structures). In contrast, GDB was predominantly dermatan sulfate, with a higher unsulfated IdoA content (54%) and a lower GlcA percentage (17%). In vitro anticoagulant activity, evaluated using APTT and PT assays, demonstrated that both GAGs exhibit significant anticoagulant potential. In addition, both fractions exhibited no antiplatelet activity, suggesting that the isolated glycosaminoglycans selectively target the coagulation cascade without affecting platelet aggregation. Furthermore, hemolytic assays confirmed that neither GCB nor GDB showed any hemolytic activity at the tested concentrations. Cytotoxicity assessment in HEK293 and HUVEK cell lines further confirmed the absence of detectable toxicity even at high concentration. Overall, these marine-derived GAGs present promising therapeutic potential as a source of anticoagulant drugs.

PMID 42505974
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PubMedJournal of clinical microbiology2026-07-27

Veterinary-specific breakpoints for ceftiofur applicable to canine Escherichia coli.

Dang Xukun X, Chen Siyu S, Lyu Hening H, Zou Zhiyu Z et al.

Ceftiofur is a third-generation cephalosporin approved for veterinary applications and is used to treat Escherichia coli infections in dogs, particularly urinary tract infections (UTIs), in countries including China. Despite this use, there are no approved breakpoints for interpretation of ceftiofur susceptibility testing results. This absence limits the guidance that veterinarians need to effectively prescribe ceftiofur in dogs. It also limits the analysis of data from resistance monitoring and surveillance programs. This study aimed to establish ceftiofur interpretive categories and breakpoints that can be used to assess antimicrobial susceptibility testing results for canine E. coli isolates. Our methods included a definition of the wild-type cutoff (COWT) based on resistance phenotypes from two sources, deriving the pharmacokinetics/pharmacodynamics (PK-PD) cutoff (COPD) through PK-PD analyses and Monte Carlo simulations and determining the clinical cutoff (COCL) from a trial in dogs. Minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) data were collected from China and the European database (European Committee on Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing [EUCAST]). COWT was determined as 1 μg/mL. The COPD was 0.25 μg/mL. Through a canine cystitis trial, a COCL of 2 μg/mL was determined. Based on these findings and Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI)-recommended methods, we propose urinary tract infection-specific MIC breakpoints of ≤1 µg/mL (susceptible), 2 μg/mL (intermediate), and ≥4 µg/mL (resistant) and corresponding disk diffusion zone diameter breakpoints, determined by the error rate-bounded (ERB) method, of ≥23 mm (susceptible), 20-22 mm (intermediate), and ≤19 mm (resistant). The systemic breakpoints (non-urine) were determined to be ≤0.125 µg/mL (susceptible), 0.25 μg/mL (intermediate), and ≥0.5 µg/mL (resistant).IMPORTANCECeftiofur can be legally used, but laboratories and veterinarians lack canine-specific breakpoints to determine whether an isolate is susceptible or resistant. Without such criteria, test results can be inconsistent, treatment choices uncertain, and early signs of emerging resistance overlooked. This study fills that gap by defining evidence-based, canine-specific breakpoints for ceftiofur, particularly for urinary tract infections (UTIs). Adoption of these breakpoints will allow more consistent reporting by diagnostic laboratories, improve therapeutic decision-making for veterinarians, and provide a reliable basis for resistance surveillance. These advances strengthen the One-Health antimicrobial stewardship and help preserve the effectiveness of important antimicrobials for companion animals and the wider community.

PMID 42506934
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