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leuprolide acetate (Leupronax)

✓ Approved

Nanox · GNRH1 · 小分子

什么是 leuprolide acetate？

leuprolide acetate 是一种小分子，由Nanox研发。该药已获批，用于治疗相关适应症，给药途径：Injectable (Others)、Intramuscular (IM) Injection。

药物档案

商品名Leupronax
公司Nanox
药物类别小分子, 多肽类
分子靶点GNRH1
给药途径Injectable (Others), Intramuscular (IM) Injection
状态Approved
来源： ClinicalTrials.gov, Nanox

作用机制

分子靶点

leuprolide acetate 作用于 1 个分子靶点：

GNRH1gonadotropin releasing hormone 1 (GNRH, LHRH)
需要更深入的分析？Noah AI 可解释复杂机制并与同类药物比较。

治疗适应症

leuprolide acetate 针对 4 个适应症，涉及 2 个治疗领域。

治疗领域疾病/病症分期
Neoplasms benign, malignant and unspecified (incl cysts and polyps)Breast cancer✓ Approved
Reproductive system and breast disordersEndometriosis✓ Approved
Neoplasms benign, malignant and unspecified (incl cysts and polyps)Prostate cancer✓ Approved
Reproductive system and breast disordersUterine fibrosis✓ Approved

相关研究文献

PubMedChemistry & biodiversity2026-09-10

Antioxidant Activities of Pentacyclic Triterpenes From Melipona beecheii Propolis and Their Semisynthetic Derivatives.

Santana-Hernández Aarón A, Yam-Puc Alejandro A, Yah-Nahuat Pamela P, Vargas-Vargas María M et al.

Four principal fractions (I-IV) were obtained from the Melipona beecheii propolis. GC-MS analysis of these fractions allowed us to recognize 11 pentacyclic triterpenes (PTs), fraction I [β-amyrin acetate (1), germanicol acetate (2), moretenol acetate (3) and 24-methylencycloartan-3-ol acetate (4)]; fraction II [marsformosanone (5), β-amyrenone (6), germanicone (7) and lupenone (8)]; fraction III [β-amyrin (9) and, glutinol (10)]; and fraction IV [9 and α-amyrin (11)]. This is the first time that triterpenes 7 and 10 are reported in the propolis of M. beecheii. Three semisynthetic derivatives were prepared: the reduction of fraction II and the acetylation and oxidation of fraction IV. The ethanolic extract of propolis and fraction III presented the highest free DPPH radical scavenging capacity at 53.89 ± 8.39% and 47.77 ± 0.91%, respectively, using a concentration of 10 mg/mL. In contrast, the reducing power of Fe (III) analysis showed a strong reducing power of Fe(III) for all fractions and their derivatives with an EC50 = 0.8-1.0 mg/mL.

PMID 42720076
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PubMedSmall (Weinheim an der Bergstrasse, Germany)2026-09-10

Manipulating the Buried Interfacial Dipole: The Role of Pyridine Acetate-Hydrochloride Isomers in Carbon-Based Perovskite Solar Cells Prepared in Air.

Shi Yifei Y, Gong Jianwen J, Wang Xu X, Hu Shuming S et al.

The buried interface between tin oxide and perovskite is the key factor for non-radiative recombination and energy level mismatch, which limits the performance and stability of perovskite solar cells. This work explores a simple interfacial dipole engineering strategy, where three pyridine acetate-hydrochloride (PAH) isomer molecules (2-PAH, 3-PAH, and 4-PAH) are used to modify the SnO2 electron transport layer. The 3-PAH-modified layer can control the work function of tin oxide, achieve the best energy level alignment, and improve the crystallization quality of the perovskite film, thereby effectively suppressing interface recombination and promoting electron extraction. All the devices are prepared in air, and the device optimized by 3-PAH achieved a champion energy conversion efficiency of 14.31% and demonstrated stability. Subsequent to an 800 h placement in an N2 glove box or a 340 h exposure to an air environment, the unencapsulated target devices that were modified by 3-PAH maintained 80.7% and 81.3% of their initial efficiency.

PMID 42717680
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PubMedACS omega2026-09-10

Determination of Molecular Interactions between Copper Pigments and Soybean Oil Alkyd Resins in Paints: A Spectroscopic Study.

Costa Thiago Guimarães TG, Candeias António José Estêvão Grande AJEG, Gazotto Enzo Gimenes EG, Júnior Feik Amil de Campos FAC et al.

Alkyd paints are widely used in modern painting and can be obtained commercially or prepared from pure materials. Various formulations can be used to obtain these paints. Copper pigments can be found in various works of art and in industrial paints. The use of these pigments in modern resins can be a low-cost alternative for different applications. However, studies must be conducted to ensure safety when applying these paints. In this work, the interaction of Cu-(II) present in malachite, azurite, and copper acetate pigments with soybean oil-based alkyd resins when subjected to heat treatment above 50 °C was characterized. The results show that paintings containing malachite and azurite exhibited colorimetric ΔE values of 2.77 and 3.72, respectively, showing no significant chromatic change during the studied heat period. Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy revealed a decrease in the intensity of ester and phthalic groups in the resin over time, indicating that reactions occurred in these groups during the sample aging process. Raw copper acetate was initially present in the dimeric form; however, when mixed with a binder, monomeric species were formed, and the intensity of dimers decreased with the aging period, leading to the formation of only monomeric species with a color change. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) analysis showed that the paint layers remained uniform even after the studied aging period. μ-Raman showed signals below 500 cm-1, which are attributed to Cu-O vibrational modes of new structures formed during the aging process of the paints. The chemical transformations do not lead to color changes in the pigments of malachite and azurite, so the results suggest that soybean oil-based alkyd resin could be a viable and cost-effective alternative to be used in the formulation with copper pigments. Furthermore, the data present can help understand the behavior of alkyd paints in the presence of copper pigments, assisting in the advancement of materials for use in painting materials.

PMID 42719401
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PubMedInternational journal of women's health2026-09-10

Extrauterine Adenomyoma of the Lung: A Rare Case Report.

Zhou Minhua M, Liu Zhongda Z, Ye Yiping Y, Liu Xiaojing X et al.

Extrauterine adenomyomas (EAs) are rare benign lesions that arise outside the uterus and only rarely involve the lung. We describe a 34-year-old woman with a history of multiple gynecological surgeries who was diagnosed with a pulmonary benign uterine adenomyoma. Chest CT, pelvic MRI, and ultrasound revealed pulmonary masses, uterine adenomyosis with fibroids, and an adnexal cystic mass. A CT-guided lung biopsy confirmed benign uterine adenomyoma; the diagnosis was supported by histopathological and immunohistochemical findings. The patient received goserelin acetate and letrozole, and serial follow-up chest CT through November 2024 showed stable pulmonary lesions without respiratory symptoms. This case highlights the importance of considering EAs in the differential diagnosis of pulmonary masses, particularly in individuals with uterine adenomyosis. It demonstrates that endocrine therapy can be an effective option for managing benign adenomyomas in patients who are inoperable or prefer non-surgical management.

PMID 42719860
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PubMedBiophotonics discovery2026-09-10

Autofluorescence lifetime imaging resolves cell heterogeneity within peripheral blood mononuclear cells.

Riendeau Jeremiah M JM, Hockerman Lucia L, Maly Elizabeth E, Samimi Kayvan K et al.

Standard methods to characterize peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) are often destructive, lack metabolic information, or do not provide single-cell resolution. Label-free tools that nondestructively measure single-cell metabolism within PBMCs can provide new layers of information to characterize disease state and cell therapy potential. We aim to determine whether nondestructive fluorescence lifetime imaging microscopy (FLIM) of the endogenous metabolic cofactors nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (phosphate) (reduced form) and flavin adenine dinucleotide (oxidized form), or optical metabolic imaging (OMI), can identify immune cell subsets and activation state within heterogeneous PBMC cultures. OMI measured single-cell metabolism of PBMCs from three different human donors in the quiescent or activated (phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate and ionomycin) state. Fluorescent antibodies were used as ground truth labels for single-cell classifiers of immune cell subtypes. OMI identified quiescent versus activated PBMCs with 94% accuracy at only 2 h post-stimulation, identified monocytes within quiescent and activated PBMCs with 96% and 88% recall, respectively, and identified NK cells within quiescent and activated PBMCs with 74% recall. OMI identifies activation state and immune cell subpopulations within PBMCs, enabling single-cell and label-free measurements of metabolic heterogeneity within complex PBMC samples. Therefore, OMI could enhance PBMC immunophenotyping for diagnostic and therapeutic applications.

PMID 42719456
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PubMedAngewandte Chemie (International ed. in English)2026-09-10

Heteroleptic Dicopper Molecular Design Unlocks Distinct Dual Synergies in Electrocatalytic Hydrodimerization of Dilute Acetylene to 1,3-Butadiene.

Xu Wenzhe W, Gao Pengfei P, Tang Lingfeng L, Liu Hebo H et al.

Electrocatalytic hydrodimerization of acetylene to 1,3-butadiene is an attractive sustainable route, yet reconciling the disparate kinetic demands of acetylene dimerization and hydrogenation remains challenging, especially in catholyte-free membrane electrode assembly (MEA) systems with dilute acetylene feeds. Herein, we report a heteroleptic dicopper molecular catalyst featuring piperonylate and acetate ligands that effectively addresses this incompatibility-a distinctive advantage over homoleptic catalysts. Mechanistic studies reveal that the heteroleptic design provides distinct dual synergies: (i) heteroleptic coordination minimizes steric hindrance and optimizes the Cu d-band center of dicopper sites, promoting efficient acetylene activation and dimerization; (ii) heteroleptic-induced localized electric fields reorganize interfacial water structure and enrich free water molecules, critically enhancing hydrogen availability for hydrogenation. The heteroleptic catalyst substantially surpasses homoleptic analogues across a broad range of acetylene concentrations (15%-100%), delivering 91% Faradaic efficiency toward 1,3-butadiene at just 15% acetylene in a flow cell. In a MEA setup, the catalyst continuously operates at -500 mA for 31 h, converting 15% acetylene to 1,3-butadiene and accumulating 224 mmol of product despite restricted hydrogen availability. This work demonstrates heteroleptic molecular design as a powerful and versatile strategy for selectively controlling competing pathways in complex multi-carbon electrosynthesis.

PMID 42717842
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