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influenza vaccine

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Sinovac Biotech · 疫苗 · 疫苗

什么是 influenza vaccine？

influenza vaccine 是一种疫苗，由Sinovac Biotech研发。该药已获批，用于治疗相关适应症，给药途径：Injectable (Others)。

药物档案

公司Sinovac Biotech
药物类别疫苗, 大分子
给药途径Injectable (Others)
状态Approved
来源： ClinicalTrials.gov, Sinovac Biotech

相关研究文献

PubMedVaccines2026-07-27

Strain Matching of Seasonal Influenza Vaccines and Emergence of Neuraminidase Inhibitor Resistance in China from 2015 to 2025.

He Peiqing P, Luo Junhao J, Pu Siyu S, Cui Simin S et al.

Background: Influenza remains a major global public health threat, and vaccination is one of the most effective preventive measures. However, frequent antigenic drift and occasional antigenic shift, along with the lead time required for vaccine development and regional differences in the evolution of circulating strains, may lead to mismatches between WHO-recommended vaccine strains and circulating viruses. In addition, antiviral resistance further complicates precise influenza prevention and control. Objectives: This study aimed to evaluate the concordance of vaccine strains with circulating influenza viruses and the emergence of neuraminidase inhibitor (NAI) resistance in China. Methods: Data on antigenic characterization and antiviral susceptibility testing were extracted from weekly influenza surveillance reports published by the Chinese National Influenza Center from 2015 to 2025. Viral evolution, substitutions at key antigenic sites, and resistance-associated mutations were further examined based on sequences of circulating influenza viruses in China. Results: The overall vaccine match rates were 95.72% (95% CI: 94.02-97.43%) for A(H1N1)pdm09, 58.96% (95% CI: 54.93-62.96%) for A(H3N2), 64.45% (95% CI: 59.49-69.41%) for B/Victoria, and 95.19% (95% CI: 91.32-99.05%) for B/Yamagata in China during the 2015-2025 influenza seasons, with marked year-to-year fluctuations observed particularly for A(H3N2) and B/Victoria. The vaccine matching for cell-based A(H3N2) (70.41%, 95% CI: 65.04-75.77%) vaccine reference strains was significantly higher than that for egg-based A(H3N2) (48.09%, 95% CI: 42.63-53.55%) vaccine reference strains. Sequence analysis indicated that circulating A(H3N2) viruses showed the greatest genetic divergence from the matched egg-based vaccine strains (2.71%, 95% CI: 2.66-2.75%). Phenotypic NAI resistance was detected only in A(H1N1)pdm09 viruses, with resistance rates of 0.18% (95% CI: 0.07-0.45%) in 2023, 3.47% (95% CI: 2.63-4.57%) in 2024, and 3.01% (95% CI: 2.46-3.68%) in 2025. Neuraminidase (NA) sequence analysis showed that the key NAI resistance-associated substitution H274Y has been detected in A(H1N1)pdm09 viruses since 2015, at relatively high frequencies observed during 2015-2018. The mutation re-emerged in 2023 and presented increase trends thereafter, although no A(H1N1) pdm09 circulated during the COVID-19 pandemic. Conclusions: Antigenic concordance between vaccine strains and circulating A(H3N2) or B/Victoria viruses showed marked year-to-year fluctuations in China. Cell-based A(H3N2) vaccine reference strains showed higher antigenic concordance than egg-based strains, supporting further consideration of vaccine production platforms in A(H3N2)-predominant seasons. Phenotypic NAI resistance in circulating A(H1N1)pdm09 viruses was detected from 2023 onward in China, whereas resistance-associated NA substitutions had been detected earlier at the sequence level.

PMID 42506623
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PubMedVaccines2026-07-27

Evaluation of Immunogenicity and Cross-Protective Efficacy of a CpG-Adjuvanted Trivalent Inactivated Influenza Vaccine in Ferrets.

Qiu Yanping Y, Zhang Yan Y, He Shuangshuang S, Wang Yutian Y et al.

Background/Objectives: Pandemic influenza remains a persistent global threat, and while vaccination is the primary preventive measure, conventional vaccines often induce narrow, strain-specific immunity. This study evaluated the immunogenicity, protective efficacy, and cross-protective potential of a CpG-adjuvanted trivalent inactivated influenza vaccine (CpG-TIV) administered intramuscularly at high and low doses in ferrets. Methods: Groups of influenza-seronegative ferrets received two intramuscular injections, 3 weeks apart, of high- or low-dose CpG-TIV or a commercial non-adjuvanted trivalent vaccine. Three weeks after the second immunization (Day 42), serum was obtained, and the ferrets were subsequently challenged intranasally with homologous H1N1 and influenza B viruses, as well as a heterologous drifted H3N2 strain. Clinical signs, body weight, nasal viral load, and lung histopathology were monitored following the viral challenge. Results: CpG-TIV induced significantly higher dose-dependent HI and IgG antibodies than the commercial unadjuvanted vaccine. High-dose CpG-TIV markedly reduced weight loss, clinical symptoms, nasal viral load (by up to 99%), and lung pathological damage. Notably, high-dose CpG-TIV provided significant cross-protection against heterologous H3N2, whereas the commercial vaccine showed no protective effect. At Day 42, HI GMTs in the high-dose group reached 500, 254, and 594 against H1N1, H3N2, and B strains, respectively, with a maximal 2.58 log10 reduction in H1N1 viral load. Conclusions: High-dose CpG-TIV demonstrates strong immunogenicity and robust dose-dependent homologous and heterologous cross-protection in ferrets. The combination of a CpG adjuvant and high-dose antigen broadens protection against drifted influenza viruses, overcoming the narrow coverage of conventional vaccines. These data support further clinical development of this broad-spectrum influenza vaccine candidate.

PMID 42506652
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PubMedEmerging microbes & infections2026-07-27

Porcine Airway Organoids Reveal Strain-Associated Replication and Epithelial Host Response Signatures of a Reassortant H1N1 Virus.

Lee Hyewon H, Shin Yeojin Y, Heo Ji-Young JY, Yu Aaron A et al.

Pigs serve as mixing vessels for influenza A viruses, facilitating reassortment and the emergence of variants with zoonotic potential. Since the 2009 pandemic, human-origin influenza gene segments have been repeatedly detected in swine populations, contributing to the generation of genetically diverse reassortant viruses. However, assessing the infection phenotypes and epithelial host responses of newly emerging reassortant swine influenza viruses remains challenging using conventional in vitro and in vivo approaches. Here, we established long-term expanding three-dimensional porcine airway organoids (pAOs) as a platform for the phenotypic and transcriptomic characterization of reassortant influenza viruses. We compared the infection phenotypes of a recently identified reassortant H1N1 virus, SNU01/H1N1/2023, with those of a classical swine-lineage H1N1 strain, GC0503/H1N1/2005, and the 2009 pandemic strain, CA04/H1N1/2009. All viruses productively infected pAOs, while SNU01 yielded higher levels of infectious progeny than the comparator strains. Bulk transcriptomic profiling at 24 h post-infection revealed that SNU01 infection was associated with an epithelial host-response profile more similar to CA04 than to GC0503, characterized by stronger epithelial antiviral and inflammatory transcriptional activation. Notably, SNU01 infection was associated with distinct cytoskeleton-associated transcriptional programs that were not prominent in the comparator infections. These findings demonstrate that porcine airway organoids can distinguish strain-associated differences in viral replication and epithelial host responses, providing a tractable platform for the comparative characterization of reassortant influenza viruses.

PMID 42504738
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PubMedVaccines2026-07-27

Influenza B Vaccines: Current Landscape and Novel Development Strategies.

Kotlyarov Roman Y RY, Ravin Nikolai V NV, Mardanova Eugenia S ES

Influenza B virus (IBV) represents a significant global health threat, contributing 20-30% of annual influenza cases and causing substantial morbidity and mortality across all age groups. Current seasonal vaccines demonstrate variable effectiveness, highlighting the urgent need for next-generation approaches that provide enhanced and sustained protection against both IBV lineages. Moreover, continuous antigenic drift of circulating viruses progressively reduces the match between vaccine-induced antibodies and contemporary strains, necessitating broad-spectrum protection strategies. This review discusses influenza B virus control strategies, encompassing both conventional approaches and emerging vaccine technologies. While antiviral therapy, epidemiological surveillance, diagnostics, and non-pharmaceutical public-health measures are integral components of influenza B control, the present review focuses specifically on vaccine-based strategies. By critically appraising the available evidence, this review evaluates the extent to which these strategies may improve the effectiveness of IBV vaccines and, in the longer term, inform the prospect of reducing the burden of-or potentially eliminating-influenza B virus, a goal that remains hypothetical and requires clinical validation.

PMID 42506610
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PubMedVaccines2026-07-27

Influenza Vaccination Status and Associated Factors Among Older Adults in Suzhou, China: A Comparative Cross-Sectional Survey.

Du Ningning N, Shao Shuai S, Zhang Yuanyuan Y, Liu Cheng C et al.

Background: Influenza poses a serious threat to the health of older adults, and vaccination is a key strategy for prevention. As an economically developed city, Suzhou has a rapidly aging population, yet the influenza vaccination rate among older adults remains substantially lower than that in developed countries. There is an urgent need to understand the current vaccination status and its associated factors to inform future strategies for improving vaccination coverage. Objectives: To compare influenza- and vaccine-related knowledge, attitudes, practices, and information access channels between vaccinated and unvaccinated older adults (≥60 years) in Suzhou, and to identify factors associated with vaccination behavior in economically developed areas. Methods: A comparative cross-sectional survey was conducted from April to August 2024 across six districts or county-level cities randomly selected from Suzhou's ten county-level administrative divisions. Participants were divided into vaccinated and unvaccinated groups based on their influenza vaccination status during the 2023-2024 influenza season. A two-stage sampling method was employed: the six districts were selected as primary sampling units; within each district, eligible older adults (aged ≥60 years) were randomly selected from two independent sampling frames-the vaccination information system for the vaccinated group and the basic public health service system for the unvaccinated group. Face-to-face structured interviews were conducted using a questionnaire consisting of four sections; data were entered using EpiData 13.1 and analyzed using SPSS 27.0. The χ2 test, t-test, and multivariable logistic regression were used for statistical analysis. Results: Among 4622 valid older adults (vaccinated: n = 2007; unvaccinated: n = 2615), the vaccinated group scored significantly higher on influenza-related knowledge (4.06 ± 2.21 vs. 3.16 ± 2.33, p < 0.001), vaccine-related knowledge (2.10 ± 1.18 vs. 0.67 ± 1.07, p < 0.001), and perceived influenza risk scores (2.72 ± 1.42 vs. 2.26 ± 1.64, p < 0.001). Vaccine safety and efficacy endorsement were also markedly higher among the vaccinated group (70.3% vs. 22.0%; 49.7% vs. 9.3%). Regarding information sources, the vaccinated group relied more on healthcare institutions (54.56% vs. 46.92%), whereas the unvaccinated group relied more on television (60.34% vs. 51.17%). Multivariable logistic regression revealed that awareness of the influenza vaccine (aOR = 9.151, 95%CI: 6.32-13.25), having a planned vaccination site (aOR = 2.66, 95%CI: 2.01-3.54), and perceiving the vaccine as safe (aOR = 1.81, 95%CI: 1.31-2.49) were positively associated with vaccination, while rural household registration (aOR = 0.76, 95%CI: 0.63-0.93), full-time employment (aOR = 0.41, 95%CI: 0.28-0.60), and hypertension (aOR = 0.79, 95%CI: 0.65-0.94) were inversely associated. Conclusions: Compared with the unvaccinated group, the vaccinated group demonstrated significantly better influenza- and vaccine-related knowledge, risk perception, and recognition of vaccine safety and efficacy, and relied more on healthcare institutions for information. Multivariable regression analysis identified awareness of the influenza vaccine as the strongest associated factor. These findings suggest that vaccination coverage could be improved by strengthening vaccine knowledge promotion through healthcare professionals and increasing awareness of vaccination policies that integrate medical insurance reimbursement.

PMID 42506682
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PubMedVaccines2026-07-27

Vaccination Coverage Among Mothers and Close Contacts of Neonates Hospitalized in NICU in Southern Greece: A Cocooning Strategy Approach.

Irakleous Angeliki A, Vergadi Eleni E, Gkentzi Despoina D, Hatzidaki Eleftheria E

Background: Neonates and young infants are susceptible to vaccine-preventable diseases because of immature immune responses and delayed acquisition of vaccine-induced protection. As household members and caregivers are a major source of exposure, international organizations recommend cocooning, i.e., vaccination of susceptible individuals who are in regular contact with infants, to provide complementary indirect neonatal protection. To evaluate cocooning implementation, we assessed influenza and pertussis vaccination uptake among mothers and close contacts of hospitalized neonates and identified factors associated with vaccine uptake. Methods: Mothers of neonates hospitalized in a Neonatal Intensive Care Unit (NICU) between 1 January 2022 and 31 December 2024 were invited to complete a structured questionnaire. Mothers reported their own vaccination status and that of the neonate's close contacts. Associations between maternal characteristics and vaccine uptake were examined using logistic regression. Results: In total, 405 mothers participated. Influenza vaccination uptake was 47.6% among mothers, and at least one adult close contact was vaccinated in 53.6% of families. Pertussis vaccination uptake was 40.5% among mothers, and at least one adult close contact was vaccinated in 32.3% of families. The most frequently reported reason for non-vaccination was low perceived need among unvaccinated mothers (74.1% for influenza and 83.4% for pertussis) and among families with incompletely vaccinated adult close contacts (81.8% for influenza and 89.7% for pertussis). In multivariable analyses, higher maternal education was associated with increased uptake of both influenza (OR 2.36, 95% CI: 1.47-3.80, p < 0.001) and pertussis vaccination (OR 4.25, 95% CI 2.02-8.94, p < 0.001), whereas younger maternal age (≤25 years) was associated with lower influenza vaccine acceptance (OR 0.24, 95% Cl: 0.1-0.60, p = 0.002). Conclusions: Vaccination uptake among mothers and adult close contacts of NICU-admitted neonates was suboptimal for both influenza and pertussis vaccines. Targeted counseling before delivery, reinforced during maternity or NICU hospitalization as a catch-up opportunity, and system-level implementation measures aligned with the dominant barrier of low perceived need are needed to strengthen cocooning in this high-risk population.

PMID 42506674
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