chloral hydrate (Escre suppositories)

✓ Approved

Hisamitsu · 小分子 · 小分子

什么是 chloral hydrate？

chloral hydrate 是一种小分子，由Hisamitsu研发。该药已获批，用于治疗相关适应症，给药途径：Rectal。

药物档案

商品名	Escre suppositories
公司	Hisamitsu
药物类别	小分子
给药途径	Rectal
状态	Approved

来源： ClinicalTrials.gov, Hisamitsu

治疗适应症

chloral hydrate 针对 2 个适应症，涉及 2 个治疗领域。

治疗领域	疾病/病症	分期
Nervous system disorders	Epilepsy	✓ Approved
Psychiatric disorders	Insomnia	✓ Approved

相关研究文献

PubMedThe Journal of organic chemistry2026-10-26

Electrochemical Reduction of Nitroarenes to Anilines under Mild Conditions.

Sun Fengshi F, Sun Yuxia Y, Liu Xincheng X, Liu Xuke X et al.

A facile and selective room-temperature reduction of nitroarenes to anilines has been achieved with good-to-excellent yields using an electrochemical reduction system with hydrazine hydrate. The electrochemical reduction proceeds under mild conditions for a diverse range of nitroarenes bearing various potentially sensitive functional groups. The successful execution of a gram-scale reaction confirms the practical utility of this reduction system. Moreover, the effective application of this method to the synthesis of biologically active compounds further demonstrates its versatility. This method applies electrochemistry to the reduction of nitro groups, thereby broadening the range of available methods for nitro group reduction.

PMID 42929526

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PubMedGels (Basel, Switzerland)2026-10-26

Microwave-Assisted Degradation of Unsaturated Polyester Resin into HDPE-Modified Aerogels for Oil Adsorption and Oil/Water Separation.

He Shixue S, Qian Qianqian Q, Lang Daning D, Wu Ronglan R

Thermosetting unsaturated polyester resin (UPR) is difficult to reprocess because curing generates an irreversible three-dimensional network. Here, cured UPR was treated in a microwave-assisted hydrazine hydrate/NaOH medium at 70 °C for 30 min to produce a water-swellable UPR-derived product (NUPR). NUPR was combined with glutaraldehyde, subjected to freeze-thaw processing and freeze-drying, and subsequently modified with high-density polyethylene (HDPE) to fabricate porous aerogels. FTIR results were consistent with partial cleavage of ester-containing structures, while TGA and SEM revealed changes in thermal behavior and morphology. Among the tested aerogels, AAS-6 exhibited a density of approximately 0.036 g cm-3 and a porosity of 96.6%. After HDPE treatment, the aerogel exhibited a water contact angle of 135.2° while maintaining rapid oil wetting. Its 5 min liquid uptake for the tested oils and organic solvents ranged from 20.14 to 38.31 g g-1. After ten adsorption-regeneration cycles, 89-96% of the initial oil uptake was retained, depending on the oil, whereas uptake of the tested volatile solvents remained comparatively unchanged under the respective regeneration conditions. H-6 also enabled free-oil uptake from water and gravity-driven treatment of surfactant-stabilized water-in-oil (W/O) emulsions, yielding high separation efficiencies and markedly reduced dispersed-droplet signals after filtration. These results demonstrate a route for coupling the chemical conversion of cured UPR with fabrication of porous materials for oil uptake and W/O emulsion separation.

PMID 42929956

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PubMedGels (Basel, Switzerland)2026-10-26

Salt-Tolerant Non-Crosslinked Polymer Networks for High-Temperature Weighted Fracturing Fluids in Deep Hydrocarbon Reservoirs.

Liu Jv J, Qiao Xin X, Peng Jianxin J, Yan Lili L et al.

High-density potassium formate fracturing fluids require polymers that hydrate in concentrated brine while providing low friction and proppant suspension at high temperature. We hypothesized that the 2-acrylamido-2-methylpropanesulfonic acid (AMPS) content balances salt-tolerant hydration against molar-mass-dependent chain entanglement, enabling a reversible non-crosslinked network. Five hydrophobically associating copolymers based on acrylamide (AM) and AMPS, with AMPS feed contents of 5.5-23.8 wt%, were synthesized by low-temperature micellar copolymerization followed by post-hydrolysis. Polymer structure, molar mass, and solution conformation were determined by proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy and size-exclusion chromatography coupled with multi-angle light scattering. Hydration and thickening were evaluated in 1.40 g/cm3 potassium formate brine, followed by rheological testing at 160 °C, pipe-flow drag-reduction testing, and static proppant-suspension testing. Increasing the AMPS feed content decreased the weight-average molar mass from 25.83 × 106 to 9.26 × 106 g/mol, increased the chain-conformation exponent from 0.570 to 0.610, and shortened the time required to reach 90% hydration (t90) from approximately 118 to 48 min. SN-4, containing 17.9 wt% AMPS, provided the best overall balance. A 0.60 wt% SN-4 fluid retained approximately 63 mPa·s after shearing at 160 °C and 170 s-1 and recovered 92.1% of its viscosity after 300 s. Fresh and thermally sheared-recovered fluids maintained drag-reduction rates above 60%, and the recovered fluid reduced proppant settling velocity by 97.4%. These results support the proposed balance and demonstrate the potential of this reversible network for high-temperature weighted fracturing fluids in deep hydrocarbon reservoirs.

PMID 42929939

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PubMedJournal of colloid and interface science2026-10-25

Interfacial topological selection links structural motifs to the free-energy barrier in methane hydrate nucleation.

Hao Yongchao Y, Qu Yongxiao Y, Luo Gaoyang G, Zhang Zhisen Z et al.

Methane hydrate nucleation is a stochastic process critical to energy and flow-assurance technologies, yet the structural changes associated with crossing its free-energy barrier remain poorly resolved. We hypothesize that transient topological motifs in the interface hydrogen-bonded network provide information about barrier crossing beyond bulk nucleus growth alone. To test this hypothesis, we integrate molecular dynamics (MD) simulations with machine learning (ML). We perform 20 independent, long-timescale MD simulations of methane hydrate nucleation and identify transient structural motifs using the Hierarchical Topological Ring algorithm, including polyhedral cages and ternary water-ring aggregations (TWRAs). Time-lagged independent component analysis (tICA) is applied to construct a free-energy landscape, while extreme gradient boosting (XGBoost) with Local Interpretable Model-Agnostic Explanations (LIME) interpretation quantifies associations between structural descriptors and the resulting free-energy coordinate. Trajectory-level data partitioning is used for model evaluation. Across the nucleation trajectories, barrier ascent is accompanied by depletion of topologically incompatible 2-1-0 TWRAs and enrichment of compatible 0-3-0 and 0-2-1 motifs at the hydrate-water interface. The XGBoost/LIME analysis identifies these TWRA proportions as informative structural descriptors of free-energy coordinate. In trajectory-level leave-one-out cross-validation, adding the three key TWRA proportions to the instantaneous free energy improves prediction of subsequent free-energy evolution at 50-100 ns relative to using instantaneous free energy alone. These results support interfacial topological selection as a structural signature of barrier crossing and connect local hydrogen-bonded network reorganization with the free-energy evolution of methane hydrate nucleation.

PMID 42925799

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PubMedNanoscale2026-10-25

Synergistic defect engineering and phosphonation of porphyrin-decorated UiO-66 for efficient uranium photoreduction.

Wang Yunzi Y, Han Zhengwen Z, Yang Quanqi Q, Jia Wanjing W et al.

The photocatalytic reduction of U(VI) on semiconductors has been widely investigated as an environmentally friendly and energy-efficient method. However, their practical applications are constrained by the weak affinity of catalysts for uranyl ions and the rapid recombination of photogenerated carriers. To address these challenges, we constructed a porphyrin-decorated UiO-66 photocatalyst (ZBT-P) by integrating BA-induced defect regulation, TCPP sensitization, and post-synthetic phosphonate functionalization. Characterization results demonstrated that the as-synthesized ZBT-P possessed a uniform shape and size distribution with a regular octahedron-like morphology. ZBT-P exhibited high removal efficiency (99.8% under visible-light irradiation) along with excellent stability in complex water bodies across a broad pH range. The introduction of phosphonate groups improved surface hydrophilicity and regulated the interfacial interaction and charge-transfer environment. Meanwhile, this integrated architecture retained the excellent light-trapping capability of TCPP ligands and transformed defect-rich Zr nodes into efficient electron trapping centers, which significantly suppressed the recombination of photogenerated carriers. Mechanistic investigations revealed the coexistence of photoreduced U(IV) species and crystalline metastudtite, a U(VI) uranyl peroxide hydrate ((UO2)O2·2H2O), with photogenerated electrons and superoxide radicals playing important roles in uranium immobilization. Overall, this dual-modification strategy endows ZBT-P with uranium enrichment capability and superior electron transport efficiency, offering great promise for practical environmental remediation.

PMID 42922173

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PubMedFrontiers in immunology2026-10-25

Combination of iKIR missing ligand hypothesis and HLA-B T/T genotypes as predictive biomarkers for recurrent pregnancy loss: a novel algorithmic approach.

Laborda Raquel Gil RG, Subhi-Issa Nabil N, Muñoz Eduardo de la Fuente EF, Palacios Ortega María M et al.

Natural killer (NK) cell alloreactivity at the maternal-fetal interface is regulated by killer cell immunoglobulin-like receptors (KIR) and CD94/NKG2A receptors. A dimorphism at position -21 of the HLA-B leader peptide (-21M/-21T) biases NK education toward NKG2A (when -21M supplies HLA-E-binding peptides) or toward KIR (when -21T fails to do so). We evaluated whether maternal HLA-B leader genotype and inhibitory KIR (iKIR) missing-ligand (ML) status are associated with unexplained recurrent reproductive failure (uRF). Retrospective case-control study comparing recipient HLA-B leader genotype (M+ versus T/T) and iKIR ML across HLA-C groups with outcomes in uRF patients versus healthy controls. 77 women with uRF (43 recurrent pregnancy loss [RPL], 34 recurrent implantation failure [RIF]) and 75 healthy multiparous controls. Maternal KIR, HLA-B and HLA-C genotypes were typed from peripheral blood using Luminex-based SSP/SSO assays. The centromeric KIR AA haplotype was enriched in uRF versus controls (difference 24%, p=0.0056). iKIR-ML analysis showed higher frequency of KIR2DL2/3 with absent C1 ligands in uRF (p=0.015). The HLA-B -21 analysis revealed increased T/T homozygosity in uRF (p=0.0031). The combination of KIR2DL2/3 (absent C1) with -21 T/T was more prevalent in RPL (p=0.04). HLA-B -21 T/T and iKIR ML (absent C1 for KIR2DL2/3) may aid risk stratification in RPL. Findings warrant validation in larger cohorts.

PMID 42920778

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chloral hydrate (Escre suppositories)

什么是 chloral hydrate？

药物档案

治疗适应症

相关研究文献

Electrochemical Reduction of Nitroarenes to Anilines under Mild Conditions.

Microwave-Assisted Degradation of Unsaturated Polyester Resin into HDPE-Modified Aerogels for Oil Adsorption and Oil/Water Separation.

Salt-Tolerant Non-Crosslinked Polymer Networks for High-Temperature Weighted Fracturing Fluids in Deep Hydrocarbon Reservoirs.

Interfacial topological selection links structural motifs to the free-energy barrier in methane hydrate nucleation.

Synergistic defect engineering and phosphonation of porphyrin-decorated UiO-66 for efficient uranium photoreduction.

Combination of iKIR missing ligand hypothesis and HLA-B T/T genotypes as predictive biomarkers for recurrent pregnancy loss: a novel algorithmic approach.

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