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chloral hydrate (Escre suppositories)

✓ Approved

Hisamitsu · 小分子 · 小分子

什么是 chloral hydrate？

chloral hydrate 是一种小分子，由Hisamitsu研发。该药已获批，用于治疗相关适应症，给药途径：Rectal。

药物档案

商品名Escre suppositories
公司Hisamitsu
药物类别小分子
给药途径Rectal
状态Approved
来源： ClinicalTrials.gov, Hisamitsu

治疗适应症

chloral hydrate 针对 2 个适应症，涉及 2 个治疗领域。

治疗领域疾病/病症分期
Nervous system disordersEpilepsy✓ Approved
Psychiatric disordersInsomnia✓ Approved

相关研究文献

PubMedEuropean journal of pediatrics2026-07-27

Febrile seizure during the acute phase of Kawasaki disease: a Korean nationwide cohort study.

Choi Hee Joung HJ, Gwon So Hyeon SH, Son Nak-Hoon NH, Byun Jun Chul JC

This study aimed to investigate the characteristics of febrile seizure (FS) associated with Kawasaki disease (KD) using nationwide population-based data. Children aged ≤ 5 years were analyzed using claims data from the Korean Health Insurance Review and Assessment Service between 2007 and 2022. FS and KD were identified using ICD-10 codes R56.0 and M30.3, respectively. Clinical characteristics were compared between FS associated with KD (KD-FS) and FS without KD (non-KD-FS). Of 1,230,434 children with FS, 1,683 (0.1%) had concomitant KD. Children with KD-FS were younger (1.66 vs. 1.81 years, p < 0.0001) and more likely to be male (58.8% vs. 55.9%, p = 0.0163) than those with non-KD-FS. During the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic, the overall incidence of FS decreased markedly, whereas that of KD-FS increased. KD-FS occurred more frequently in winter and showed a distinct seasonal pattern, whereas the incidence of non-KD-FS peaked in summer. Children with KD-FS were more frequently treated in secondary or tertiary hospitals and had longer hospital stays. Chloral hydrate and acute/emergency anticonvulsants were more frequently administered in the KD-FS group; however, maintenance anticonvulsant use did not differ. Cerebrospinal fluid analysis and brain computed tomography were performed more frequently in the KD-FS group; brain magnetic resonance imaging and electroencephalography utilization and mortality rates were comparable. KD-FS is rare and does not appear to be associated with a more severe neurological course than non-KD-FS. • Kawasaki disease (KD) is a systemic vasculitis that can be accompanied by neurological manifestations, including febrile seizures (FS). • FS during acute KD is rare and remain insufficiently characterized in large population-based studies. • In this nationwide study, FS associated with KD are rare but show distinct demographic and seasonal features, including younger age and winter predominance. • However, FS associated with KD are not associated with worse neurological outcomes or mortality compared with non-KD febrile seizures.

PMID 42503538
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PubMedJournal of agricultural and food chemistry2026-07-27

Selective Fractionation of Larch into Oligosaccharides and Less-Condensed Lignin in a Novel Molten Salt/n-Butanol System.

Huang Yuetong Y, Zhang Xinyan X, Liu Qiyu Q, Ma Qiaozhi Q et al.

Efficient fractionation of lignocellulosic components is a prerequisite for full-component utilization. Conventional methods rely on harsh conditions, causing severe degradation of cellulose and hemicellulose and lignin condensation, while milder conditions compromise fractionation efficiency. To balance native structure preservation and fractionation efficiency, a biphasic system composed of lithium bromide molten salt hydrate (MSH) and n-butanol was developed. At 110 °C for 1 h, cellulose and hemicellulose were selectively hydrolyzed into oligosaccharides in the MSH phase with yields of 81.4% and 88.1%, respectively. The isolated lignin retained 96.1% of β-O-4 ether bonds (38.5/100 C9 units), and its catalytic hydrogenolysis delivered a monophenol yield of 82.1% to the theoretical value. The light-colored lignin (ΔE = 31.28) achieved SPF 28.2 as a sole sunscreen active ingredient, demonstrating commercial potential. This biphasic system enables highly selective fractionation of lignocellulosic components with limited condensation, yielding key feedstocks for bioenergy and biorefinery, including oligosaccharides and native structure-preserved lignin.

PMID 42504519
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PubMedAntibiotics (Basel, Switzerland)2026-07-27

Antibiofilm Activity of Three Essential Oils Against ESBL-Producing Klebsiella pneumoniae: An In Vitro and In Silico Investigation of Putative Molecular Targets.

Bariz Karim K, Saoudi Bilal B, Lahcene Souad S, Moualek Idir I et al.

Biofilm formation is a major contributor to antibiotic resistance in Klebsiella pneumoniae, posing a serious challenge to current therapeutic strategies. Thus, this study aims to evaluate the antibiofilm activity of three essential oils Thymus hirtus Willd. Ssp. algeriensis Boiss, Syzygiuma romaticum, and Eucalyptus globulus against four clinical isolates of ESBL-producing K. pneumoniae, along with the reference strain K. pneumoniae ATCC 700603. The antibiofilm activity of essential oils was assessed with crystal violet assay using MICs ranging from 3.38 ± 0.2 to 27.1 ± 0.56 mg/mL, 2 ± 0.19 to 32 ± 0.55 mg/mL, and 13.78 ± 0.62 to 110.25 ± 3.37 mg/mL, for TEO, SEO and EEO, respectively. In vitro tests showed that S. aromaticum EO and T. algeriensis EO exhibited the best anti-adhesive activity with a percentage of up to 75.39%, while no difference was observed between the EO in their eradication activity. Microscopic observations confirmed the disorganization of the biofilm after treatment with T. algeriensis. The molecular docking analysis of the three EOs main compounds with MrkH, SdiA and MrkD revealed that SdiA was the most favorable target, with p-cymene (-7.7 kcal/mol), α-pinene (-7.5 kcal/mol), and eucalyptol (-7.1 kcal/mol) showing the strongest binding affinities. Thymol and p-cymene showed also a favorable affinity with MrkD. Overall, p-cymene and α-pinene demonstrated the most favorable binding profiles, whereas linalool exhibited the weakest predicted interactions. These results highlight the promising potential of these EOs, as multi-target antibiofilm agents against MDR- K. pneumoniae biofilms.

PMID 42505610
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PubMedMolecular ecology2026-07-27

Genome-Wide SNP Diversity in Natural and Cultivated Populations Informs Restoration Ecology With Three Calamagrostis Species From the Northwest Territories of Canada.

Quijano María José Gómez MJG, Wu Yihan Y, Smith Claire C, López-Villalobos Adriana A et al.

There is growing demand for data-driven frameworks to guide robust plant restoration strategies in response to anthropogenic disturbances. Several seed-sourcing (i.e., provenancing) strategies have been proposed, which balance the use of locally adapted genotypes against mixed genotypes to reduce mutation load or assist migration to anticipate future climate scenarios. However, taxonomic uncertainty and lack of data characterizing genetic differentiation and gene flow have hindered provenancing strategies for many ecologically important non-model plant species, especially those in remote but vulnerable regions like the boreal forests of northern Canada. To guide provenancing strategies following anthropogenic disturbance in Canada's Northwest Territories, we characterize species-specific markers, population structure and hybridization among three Calamagrostis species. Double digest RAD sequencing (ddRAD) resulted in 2951 polymorphic loci across 27 individuals, which we used to design loci for genotyping in thousands by sequencing (GT-seq), a cost-efficient target loci approach resulting in 256 polymorphic loci across 93 individuals from wild C. canadensis, C. stricta ssp. inexpansa and C. purpurascens seed accessions. To help define the scale of 'local' populations for seed sourcing, we characterized geographic variation and population structure among 57 field-collected seed accessions. We also assessed genetic relationships of wild C. canadensis to 69 individuals across eight commercially maintained cultivars used in restoration projects. We found that GT-seq yields similar genetic differentiation patterns as common neutral molecular marker approaches like ddRAD-seq. Specifically, we resolve morphologically misidentified individuals, identify genetic hybrids and characterize the scale of genetic isolation-by-distance. Finally, we determined that three cultivar seed sources were genetically similar to southern wild individuals, whereas five cultivars aligned with northern wild individuals of C. canadensis in the Northwest Territories of Canada. Overall, our results highlight the benefits of cost-effective methods for genome-wide multi-locus genotyping to inform provenancing best-practices and support more effective and sustainable restoration efforts.

PMID 42504968
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PubMedFood science & nutrition2026-07-26

A Preliminary Study on Active Chitosan-Based Edible Films Enriched With Microencapsulated Probiotics for Set-Type Yogurt Preservation.

Kalkan Selin S, Kirkoçoğlu Emine E, Otağ Mustafa Remzi MR, Engin Mehmet Soner MS

This study investigated the production, characterization, and application of active chitosan-based edible films enriched with microencapsulated Bifidobacterium animalis ssp. lactis B94, Lacticaseibacillus rhamnosus GG, and their combination for the preservation of set-type yogurt. The incorporation of microencapsulated probiotics significantly affected the physicochemical, mechanical, barrier, and antimicrobial properties of the films. Film thickness increased from 0.105 to 0.157 mm, moisture content ranged from 16.53% to 18.75%, and swelling index values varied between 20.63% and 32.78%. The addition of probiotics increased water vapor permeability and reduced film transparency and tensile strength. Following the drying process, probiotic survival rates ranged between 86.26% and 90.94%. The probiotic-enriched films exhibited antimicrobial activity against Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus. The developed films were applied to set-type yogurt, and their effects on physicochemical and microbiological quality parameters were evaluated during 21 days of refrigerated storage. Yogurt samples coated with active films showed pH values between 4.02 and 5.34, titratable acidity values between 0.553% and 0.828% lactic acid, and reduced serum separation compared with control samples. Microbiological analyses of yogurt samples during storage revealed total mesophilic aerobic bacteria counts of 6.06-7.13 log CFU/g, lactic acid bacteria counts of 5.07-7.33 log CFU/g, Lactococcus spp. counts of 4.97-6.30 log CFU/g, and yeast-mold counts of 0-3.28 log CFU/g. These preliminary findings suggest that active chitosan-based edible films enriched with microencapsulated probiotics may have potential as biologically active surface films for set-type yogurt; however, confirmation using independent production batches is required.

PMID 42502807
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PubMedThe Plant journal : for cell and molecular biology2026-07-25

Diploid- and tetraploid wall barley exhibit alternative molecular responses but comparable reproductive performance in response to different ambient temperature regimes.

Hellwig Timo T, Tonnelier Michelle Marianne MM, Villhauer Helene H, Bucharova Anna A et al.

Diploid and allopolyploid relatives often differ in their responses to stressful or variable environments, but it remains unclear whether this is reflected in greater reproductive stability in such conditions, and whether any such advantage is associated with greater canalisation or plasticity of morphological and developmental traits or a more extensive transcriptional response. We tested this in the annual grass Hordeum murinum by comparing the reproductive performance, phenotypic responses, and transcriptomic responses of diploid and allotetraploid H. murinum subspecies under control and elevated temperature conditions. Gene-level nucleotide diversity was higher in the diploid ssp. glaucum than in either subgenome of the allotetraploid ssp. murinum, whereas divergence was greatest between the two subgenomes of the allotetraploid. Relative to ssp. glaucum, ssp. murinum altered expression in a larger proportion of its analysed transcriptome (10% versus 8%), spanned more enriched functional categories (36 versus 19), and showed pronounced subgenome-specific contributions to the response. In addition, 702 of 11 106 homeolog pairs showed temperature-dependent shifts in expression bias despite the absence of genome-wide dominance of either subgenome. By contrast, phenotypic responses were largely similar between subspecies. Although ssp. glaucum and ssp. murinum differed in phenotype, especially in phenology, temperature explained more phenotypic variation than subspecies and reduced reproductive biomass by 42% in ssp. glaucum and 47% in ssp. murinum. Overall, ssp. murinum showed neither greater plasticity nor better maintenance of reproductive performance. Thus, compared with diploid H. murinum, allopolyploid H. murinum showed broader transcriptional deployment under elevated temperature, but not greater reproductive stability or clear differences in the plasticity of morphological and developmental traits. These results point to a decoupling of trait and molecular differentiation from fitness under elevated temperature, suggesting that the allotetraploid's altered transcriptional response may represent an alternative route to maintaining fitness comparable to that of the diploid rather than a reproductive advantage.

PMID 42501064
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