ibuprofen (Ibuprof von CT 2% / Ibuprof von CT / Ibupan)

Microparticles Based on Chitosan/Xanthan Gum Polyelectrolyte Complex Modulate the Anti-Inflammatory and Antinociceptive Effects of Ibuprofen and Escin.

Ćirić Ana A, Martić Nikola N, Bosanac Milana M, Andrejić Višnjić Bojana B et al.

Polyelectrolyte complex (PEC)-based carriers offer a promising strategy to improve the oral delivery of anti-inflammatory agents with limited bioavailability or variable pharmacodynamic profiles. This study evaluated the anti-inflammatory and antinociceptive effects of previously optimized formulations of chitosan/xanthan gum PEC microparticles loaded with either ibuprofen or escin, using the carrageenan-induced paw edema model, histopathological and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) immunohistochemical analyses, and the hot plate test. Ibuprofen-loaded microparticles significantly reduced paw swelling during the peak inflammatory phase (5-6 h after treatment administration), although no significant differences in overall edema response or antinociceptive activity were observed compared with free ibuprofen. In contrast, escin-loaded microparticles at 10 mg/kg produced the most pronounced anti-inflammatory effect, significantly reducing paw swelling, edema area under the curve (AUC), histopathological lesion scores, and COX-2 expression compared with both the negative control and the corresponding free escin formulation. Escin-loaded microparticles also showed stronger and more sustained antinociceptive activity than free escin. However, the 20 mg/kg formulation did not provide additional anti-inflammatory or antinociceptive benefits. These findings demonstrate that chitosan/xanthan gum PEC microparticles can enhance the pharmacodynamic performance of orally administered anti-inflammatory agents. The magnitude of this effect depended on the incorporated drug and was particularly notable for escin, for which microencapsulation improved both anti-inflammatory and antinociceptive efficacy.

Comment on "Comparative Outcomes of Single-Port Laparoscopic Lateral Suspension Versus Multiport Sacrohysteropexy in Uterine-Preserving Apical Prolapse: A Retrospective Cohort Study".

Hang Xinyi X, Chen Yu Y, Jin Xuejing X

A high-throughput, plate reader-based method for the assessment of oxidative stress in suspension mammalian cells using CellROX Green.

Awad Miyah N MN, Abraham Amanda N AN, Reineck Philipp P, Pourshahrestani Sara S et al.

The measurement of intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels provides critical insights into cell health and pathophysiology. Here, we present a semi-quantitative, plate reader-based protocol using CellROX Green that can be used for the real-time measurement of general ROS levels of viable suspension mammalian cells. With menadione being the oxidative stress inducer, a cell concentration of 100,000 cells per well, a CellROX Green concentration of 10 µM, and a CellROX Green incubation time of 1 h was shown to provide the most accurate measurement of intracellular ROS levels in viable human monocyte leukemia (THP-1) cells. Unlike plate reader protocols using other general ROS-sensitive fluorogenic probes, this plate reader protocol eliminates the washing step of the unbound probe prior to measuring fluorescence, making it more suitable for suspension cells. Using the presented protocol, the fluorescence of up to 96 samples can be measured in under 1 min, making it ideal for rapid screening applications where moderate to large differences in oxidative stress levels are to be measured.

Solubility, Release Behavior and Membrane Permeability of a Ibuprofen Hydrogel Co-Assembled with N-Methyl-D-Glucosamine.

Li Guoxun G, Lu Xinru X, Hu Caijuan C, Ji Jiaxuan J et al.

Small-molecule hydrogels have gradually become a research hotspot compared with polymeric hydrogels, but their practical advantages have not been fully realized in the development of pharmaceutical formulations. This study aimed to explore whether the N-methyl-D-glucosamine (GLU) could be introduced to form a ibuprofen (IBU) hydrogel for overcoming its water solubility defect and optimizing its pharmaceutical properties. Such an IBU-GLU hydrogel was prepared by simply mixing IBU with GLU in small-volume deionized water. The formed IBU-GLU hydrogel was characterized by SEM, rheology, DSC, PXRD and FTIR analyses. In addition, the solubility, in vitro release and permeability were also investigated to evaluate the solubilization and permeability-promoting effects. The resulting IBU-GLU hydrogel exhibited a typical 3D structure with excellent viscoelasticity, which relied on the equilibrium of aggregation and dissolution, as well as a good miscibility between IBU and GLU, and self-assembly driven by intermolecular interactions in an aqueous environment. Compared to pure IBU, the IBU solubility of the IBU-GLU hydrogel was significantly improved by 38.4-fold. Furthermore, IBU-GLU hydrogel demonstrated superior release rates and supersaturation ability, which was attributed to its high-energy state and internal molecular complexation. Additionally, compared with the commercially available IBU hydrogel, the prepared IBU-GLU hydrogel significantly accelerated IBU membrane permeation. Thus, this study highlighted that the designed IBU-GLU hydrogel could serve as a feasible approach to enhance the release and permeability of IBU for its druggability optimization.