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prasterone (Mylis)

✓ Approved

Merck & Co. · AR · 小分子

什么是 prasterone？

prasterone 是一种小分子，由Merck & Co.研发。该药已获批，用于治疗相关适应症。

药物档案

商品名Mylis
公司Merck & Co.
药物类别小分子
分子靶点AR
状态Approved
来源： ClinicalTrials.gov, Merck & Co.

作用机制

分子靶点

prasterone 作用于 1 个分子靶点：

ARandrogen receptor (DHTR, AR8)
需要更深入的分析？Noah AI 可解释复杂机制并与同类药物比较。

治疗适应症

prasterone 针对 1 个适应症，涉及 1 个治疗领域。

治疗领域疾病/病症分期
Surgical and medical proceduresLabour induction✓ Approved

相关研究文献

PubMedFrontiers in microbiology2026-10-25

Metagenomic and metabolomic analysis of the early gut microbiota development in Nipponia nippon.

Bai Hongqing H, Qiu Guoqiang G, Shi Jian J, Xue Yu Y et al.

The crested ibis (Nipponia nippon) is an endangered bird whose early gut microbiota development remains poorly understood. To address this gap, this study integrated metagenomics and metabolomics to investigate the dynamic succession of gut microbiota and metabolism in naturally hatched chicks during early development. Fecal samples were collected from naturally hatched crested ibis chicks aged 3 to 33 days and divided into groups Z3, Z8, Z13, Z18, Z23, Z28, and Z33. Integrated metagenomics and metabolomics were used to assess microbial gene richness, alpha and beta diversity, taxonomic composition, functional profiles, differentially expressed metabolites, pathway enrichment, and microbe-metabolite correlations. Gut microbial gene richness and alpha diversity increased from Z3 to Z13, then fluctuated and stabilized, with Z13-Z18 representing a critical colonization window. Beta diversity analysis revealed progressive structural remodeling with age. At the phylum level, Pseudomonadota dominated early stages, while Bacillota increased over time. At the genus level, Plesiomonas, Clostridium, and Escherichia were prevalent; Enterobacter and Ligilactobacillus decreased by Z33, whereas Campylobacter, Cetobacterium and Proteus increased. Functional profiling indicated that Z3 exhibited high metabolic activity, including carbohydrate, amino acid, and energy metabolism, while Z33 showed reduced but more specialized functions. Metabolomics identified numerous differentially expressed metabolites across age groups, with pathway enrichment in cofactor biosynthesis, nucleotide metabolism, and amino acid metabolism. Correlation analysis revealed opposite metabolic associations: Corynebacterium was positively correlated with most metabolites, whereas Enterobacter, Citrobacter, and Klebsiella showed negative correlations. These findings reveal dynamic succession of gut microbiota and metabolism during early development in crested ibises. The identification of a critical colonization window and age-related microbial and metabolic shifts provides fundamental insights for improving captive breeding and conservation of this endangered species.

PMID 42923376
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PubMedCurrent opinion in obstetrics & gynecology2026-10-18

Use of vaginal estrogens in urogynecology: current evidence, controversies and clinical applications.

Singh Priyanka P, Pancholy Juhi J, Pancholy Apurva A

Genitourinary syndrome of menopause (GSM) is a prevalent yet underrecognized condition in postmenopausal women, characterized by progressive vulvovaginal and lower urinary tract symptoms from estrogen deficiency. Vaginal estrogen therapy is the first-line pharmacologic treatment for GSM. However, as new evidence emerges, understanding of its efficacy, safety, and use in special populations continues to evolve. This review summarizes current evidence on vaginal estrogen formulations, clinical effectiveness, safety, and therapeutic applications. Recent randomized controlled trials confirm that low-dose vaginal estrogen significantly improves GSM symptoms - including vaginal dryness, dyspareunia, and irritation - while restoring epithelial integrity and normalizing pH. Evidence also supports its role in reducing recurrent urinary tract infections by restoring lactobacilli-dominant flora, reinforced by a 2025 multisociety clinical guideline recommending topical, but not systemic, estrogen for this indication. Comparative studies show similar efficacy across creams, tablets, inserts, and rings, differing primarily in convenience and absorption rather than effectiveness. Large cohort studies indicate no increased risk of cardiovascular disease, venous thromboembolism, or malignancy. Use in breast cancer survivors remains controversial, but emerging data suggest minimal systemic absorption and no clear increase in recurrence risk, supporting shared decision-making. In addition, long-term outcomes show that adjunctive vaginal estrogen does not improve anatomic surgical success after native tissue apical prolapse repair. Nonhormonal therapies and agents like ospemifene or prasterone offer alternative options, though they demonstrate lower or more variable efficacy than vaginal estrogen. Vaginal estrogen therapy is the most effective, evidence-based treatment for GSM and helps prevent recurrent urinary tract infections in postmenopausal women. Its favorable safety profile and multiple formulations enable individualized care. Recent evidence clarifies that while overall safety is reassuring, caution is necessary for breast cancer survivors using aromatase inhibitors. Additionally, longer-term perioperative trial data temper expectations regarding surgical-recurrence benefits, while confirming its value for local tissue optimization. Ongoing research should focus on long-term safety in high-risk groups and the effectiveness of emerging non-estrogen alternatives.

PMID 42893492
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PubMedAnimal science journal = Nihon chikusan Gakkaiho2026-10-17

Compositional Properties of Soup Stock Prepared From Femur Bones of Yeso Sika Deer (Cervus nippon yesoensis).

Kikuchi Toru T, Kobayashi Ayaka A, Shimada Kenichiro K, Ishii Hiroshi H et al.

Soup stock was prepared solely from Yeso sika deer (Cervus nippon yesoensis) femurs by heating at 80°C-90°C under normal pressure for 6-48 h. Total nitrogen generally increased with extraction time, with no significant differences among the 18- to 48 h conditions; within this range, the observed mean was highest at 36 h, which was therefore selected as the representative condition for compositional analysis. The 36 h stock contained 99.6 g/100 g moisture and 0.4 g/100 g crude protein and had a pH of 8.6. Fifteen free amino acids were detected (total, 1.45 mg/100 mL), with glutamic acid (Glu) the most abundant (0.268 mg/100 mL). Free hydroxyproline and inosine 5'-monophosphate (IMP) concentrations were 0.011 and 0.188 mg/100 mL, respectively, and free peptide equivalents were 9.00 mg of bovine serum albumin equivalent/100 mL. Total free amino acids, Glu, and IMP were lower than in previously reported bone soups, but differences in raw materials and preparation conditions preclude direct comparison. These findings provide basic information for evaluating Yeso sika deer bone as a food material.

PMID 42888508
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PubMedHuman reproduction (Oxford, England)2026-10-09

Ovarian reserve after chemotherapy in premenopausal women with breast cancer undergoing fertility preservation counselling with and without unilateral ovarian tissue cryopreservation.

Yde Anna Mathilde AM, Colmorn Lotte Berdiin LB, Pinborg Anja A, Forman Julie Lyng JL et al.

What is the impact of chemotherapy on the ovarian reserve in premenopausal women diagnosed with breast cancer, and how is this impacted by fertility preservation (FP) strategy and age at diagnosis? Chemotherapy reduces ovarian reserve in women with breast cancer, with the greatest reductions observed among women who underwent ovarian tissue cryopreservation (OTC) and those of advanced reproductive age (≥35 years). Breast cancer is the most prevalent cancer among women of reproductive age, and in recent decades increasing emphasis has been placed on FP, including ovarian tissue, embryo, and oocyte cryopreservation. However, few large prospective studies have evaluated the effect of chemotherapy on ovarian reserve in patients with breast cancer using both anti-Müllerian hormone (AMH) and antral follicle count (AFC), and no large studies have assessed the impact by choice of FP. In this combined retro and prospective cohort study, we included 152 premenopausal women diagnosed with breast cancer who received FP counselling at Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen University Hospital, between 1 January 2018 and 31 August 2023. Women aged 18-42 years scheduled for FP counselling before chemotherapy were included. Exclusion criteria were previous chemotherapy, oophorectomy, and death or emigration within 2 years of inclusion. Medical and gynecological history, and oncological treatment plans were recorded. Ovarian reserve was assessed using AMH and AFC at baseline and at 6, 12, and 24 months after chemotherapy. Changes over time were analyzed using linear mixed models adjusted for age at baseline and hormonal contraceptive use. Of 152 women, 57 underwent OTC, while 41 underwent oocyte/embryo cryopreservation and 54 had no FP. Baseline median AMH was 13.9 [95% CI: 10.7, 18.1] pmol/l among women who did not undergo OTC and 13.3 [10.9, 16.3] pmol/l among those who did. A marked reduction in both AMH and AFC was observed after chemotherapy, with partial recovery within 2 years after treatment. The reduction was more pronounced, and recovery more limited, in women with OTC and in those of advanced reproductive age (≥35 years). Compared to baseline, the adjusted reduction in median AMH was 90% [95% CI: 85%, 93%] at 6 months and 75% [95% CI: 63%, 83%] at 24 months in women without OTC and 93% [95% CI: 85%, 95%] and 85% [95% CI: 78%, 90%] in women with OTC, respectively. Similar patterns, however, not as profound, were seen for AFC. Not all women completed assessments at all three follow-up visits, likely reflecting emotional exhaustion, hospital fatigue, reluctance to attend additional appointments, or changes in reproductive intentions. Furthermore, the observed reduction in ovarian reserve may, to some extent, also reflect the natural age-related decline in ovarian reserve. These findings may support counselling women with breast cancer about chemotherapy-related ovarian damage and thus the need for FP. The study is funded by the Independent Research Fund Denmark (Grant ID 10.46540/4308-00130B). A.P. has received grants (paid to the institution) and consulting fees from Gedeon Richter, Ferring Pharmaceuticals, Merck A/S, and Cryos; honoraria from Gedeon Richter, Ferring Pharmaceuticals, Merck A/S, and Organon; and support for meeting attendance and/or travel (paid to the institution) from Gedeon Richter. A.T.P. received speaker fees from Astellas, Gedeon-Richter, and Novo Nordisk. These companies had no role in the study. The other authors have no conflicts or interests to declare. N/A.

PMID 42853979
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PubMedFrontiers in bioscience (Landmark edition)2026-09-30

Multi-Organ Metatranscriptomics Establishes Organ-Specific Functional Baselines in the Crested Ibis (Nipponia nippon).

Qiu Guoqiang G, Ran Jinshi J, Shi Jian J, Yuan Liying L et al.

The crested ibis (Nipponia nippon) is an iconic East Asian species on the International Union for Conservation of Nature's (IUCN) Red List, with recurrent stress-related sudden death reported in captivity and in the wild. However, the mechanisms underlying stress responses remain poorly characterized. Using opportunistic post-mortem samples, we generated, to our knowledge, the first organ-resolved metatranscriptomic reference dataset for this species in a stress-associated context. Matched libraries from small intestine, liver, spleen, and lung were sequenced and processed using a unified pipeline; microbial transcriptional activity was quantified following host and rRNA removal and stringent detection criteria, enabling concurrent readouts of community composition and functional gene expression. Transcriptional activity was intestine-centric, whereas liver, spleen, and lung harbored low-load communities with limited taxon sharing. The small intestine was dominated by the aquatic-associated Cetobacterium somerae (~54.8%), consistent with fish-based feeding, while Romboutsia was scarce, suggesting a weak butyrate-producing guild. Functionally, transcripts were enriched for small-molecule metabolism, nucleotide/cofactor turnover, central carbon conversion, and membrane/envelope-associated precursor pathways. Stratified pathway analysis further resolved uneven classified contributions: Paraclostridium bifermentans spanned the broadest classified pathway repertoire, Cetobacterium somerae contributed more strongly to nucleotide-linked functions, and Clostridium perfringens retained a more distinctive inositol-related branch. Antimicrobial resistance (AMR)-linked transcripts in the intestine were dominated by target-site mechanisms (elongation factor Tu (EF-Tu), RNA polymerase β' subunit (rpoC) and DNA gyrase subunit A (gyrA)) with a low-level ErmQ-associated macrolide-lincosamide-streptogramin (MLS) resistance signature, consistent with background expression of core targets. This organ-resolved dataset provides a practical baseline for microbiome, pathogen, and resistance surveillance in captive crested ibis, and a reference for future comparisons among captive, wild, and reintroduced populations. AMR signals are best read as contextual markers rather than phenotypic resistance and can serve as auxiliary sentinels alongside composition and function. Overall, the dataset provides a reusable framework for health assessment and conservation planning.

PMID 42811970
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PubMedBiology2026-09-26

Correction: Zhang et al. Energy Expenditure Optimization in the Echolocation of Rhinolophus nippon: Evidence from Heart Rate Stability. Biology 2026, 15, 907.

Zhang Mingxin M, Qi Weihao W, Han Bo B, Han Fujie F et al.

In the original publication [...].

PMID 42792620
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