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polio vaccine

✓ Approved

Sanofi S.A · 疫苗 · 疫苗

什么是 polio vaccine？

polio vaccine 是一种疫苗，由Sanofi S.A研发。该药已获批，用于治疗相关适应症，给药途径：Unknown。

药物档案

公司Sanofi S.A
药物类别疫苗, 大分子
给药途径Unknown
状态Approved
来源： ClinicalTrials.gov, Sanofi S.A

治疗适应症

polio vaccine 针对 1 个适应症，涉及 1 个治疗领域。

治疗领域疾病/病症分期
Surgical and medical proceduresPolio immunisation✓ Approved

相关研究文献

PubMedVaccines2026-07-27

Inactivation of Wild Poliovirus with β-Propiolactone.

Kovpak Anastasia A, Pashkov Sergey S, Kostrova Mariia M, Nebesnyi Kirill K et al.

Antiviral vaccines are usually created by inactivating viruses using physical or chemical methods. Inactivation of poliovirus with β-propiolactone (BPL) has advantages, including the absence of a requirement for long-term incubation with the inactivating agent, which minimizes the risk of negative effects of the potentially dangerous substance on the virus and reduces the duration of the inactivation process. BPL was applied at 0.2% (w/v) concentration under two conditions: 4 °C for 24 h and 37 °C for 3 h. Inactivation completeness was confirmed on Vero cell culture, while immunogenicity was assessed in guinea pigs via neutralizing antibody test. Two variants of virus inactivation made it possible to obtain inactivated samples that retained their immunogenic properties. BPL-inactivated samples retained sufficient D-antigen levels and elicited neutralizing antibodies comparable to or exceeding those from formaldehyde-inactivated controls. The inactivation method at 37 °C provided faster inactivation, while at 4 °C it provided a smooth decrease in virus titer. These results confirm that β-propiolactone is a viable alternative to formaldehyde for the production of inactivated polio vaccine (IPV), providing rapid inactivation of the virus compared to inactivation with formaldehyde while maintaining immunogenicity, as confirmed by guinea pig control.

PMID 42506679
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PubMedZhonghua yu fang yi xue za zhi [Chinese journal of preventive medicine]2026-07-27

[Research progress in combination vaccines containing sabin strain inactivated poliovirus vaccine].

Fu Y X YX, Cai L K LK, Liang J L JL, Zhao T T et al.

Sabin strain inactivated poliovirus vaccine (sIPV), derived from attenuated Sabin poliovirus strains, has emerged as a promising alternative to both oral poliovirus vaccine (OPV) and conventional inactivated poliovirus vaccine (cIPV). It eliminates the risk of vaccine-associated paralytic poliomyelitis (VAPP) and the emergence of vaccine-derived polioviruses (VDPVs). In addition, sIPV demonstrates superior biosafety and vaccine safety during production and administration compared with cIPV. The integration of sIPV into combination vaccines with other routine immunization antigens can reduce the number of injections and streamline immunization schedules, making sIPV-containing combination vaccines a key focus of recent research. Japan launched the world's first sIPV-containing tetravalent vaccine in 2012, followed by the introduction of an sIPV-containing pentavalent vaccine in 2024. In China, a standalone sIPV was licensed in 2015, and multiple sIPV-containing combination vaccines are currently in clinical trials or preclinical development. The primary challenges for these vaccines include antigen compatibility within combination formulations and the scalability of sIPV production. Future strategies, such as the use of innovative adjuvants and intradermal administration, may enable antigen-sparing approaches. This review provides a comprehensive summary of the development and application of sIPV-containing combination vaccines, aiming to inform and guide ongoing vaccine research and development in China.

PMID 42503940
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PubMedVaccines2026-07-27

Development of DuoChol, a Thermostable Inactivated Whole-Cell/B-Subunit Oral Cholera Vaccine in Enteric Capsule.

Terrinoni Manuela M, Lebens Michael R MR, Nordqvist Stefan L SL, Nilsson Frida F et al.

Background/Objectives: Cholera remains an important global health problem. Inactivated oral cholera vaccines (OCVs) are essential in the WHO/GTFCC (World Health Organization/Global Task Force on Cholera Control) strategy to end cholera by 2030; however, global supply is insufficient, they require partial cold-chain storage, and their formulation and antigen contents leave room for improvement. We describe here the development and preclinical evaluation of DuoChol OCV, a next-generation thermostable oral vaccine designed to address these gaps. Methods: DuoChol is a lyophilized dry-powder formulation in enteric capsules containing formalin-inactivated Vibrio cholerae O1 El Tor Ogawa and Inaba isogenic bacteria, recombinant cholera toxin B subunit (rCTB), and sucrose as stabilizer. Methods describe the construction of the novel vaccine strains, processes for the preparation and characterization of vaccine components, and the final dry formulation in enteric capsules, and in vitro and in vivo vaccine stability analyses. Results: The newly engineered vaccine strains, together with a high-yield mixed-mode chromatography process for rCTB purification, enabled efficient and cost-effective vaccine production. Stability studies demonstrated complete preservation of O1 LPS and rCTB antigens for at least 21 months across temperatures of 4-40 °C. Moreover, regardless of storage duration or temperature, oral immunization of mice with DuoChol elicited strong serum and mucosal antibacterial and antitoxin responses that were similar to those induced by the licensed Dukoral® OCV. Conclusions: Its heat stability, practical enteric capsule formulation, and potential for improved efficacy compared to inactivated whole-cell only OCVs support positioning DuoChol as a promising next-generation OCV, suitable for national cholera control programs and particularly advantageous for outbreak response, where rapid deployment and early, robust protection are essential.

PMID 42506611
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PubMedVaccines2026-07-27

Arming Inactivated Enveloped Virus Vaccines with the GGTA1 Gene: A Potent Method for Amplification of Viral Vaccines Effectiveness and Protection Against Variants.

Galili Uri U

This review describes a novel method for increasing the effectiveness of inactivated enveloped whole-virus vaccines by targeting them for extensive uptake by antigen-presenting cells (APCs). Several inactivated whole-virus vaccines with dense glycan shields display suboptimal effectiveness because the multiple carbohydrate chains (glycans) on the virus mask immunogenic peptides and surround the virus with a negative electrostatic charge that decreases uptake by APCs. It is postulated that engineering such vaccinating viruses to present the carbohydrate antigen "α-gal epitope" on the glycan shields will immunocomplex them with the anti-Gal antibody; thus, it will target them for robust uptake by APCs. Anti-Gal is an abundant natural antibody in humans, constituting ~1% of human circulating immunoglobulins. The ligand of anti-Gal is the α-gal epitope, which is naturally synthesized in non-primate mammals and New World monkeys by the glycosylation enzyme α1,3galactosyltransferase. This enzyme is encoded by the GGTA1-gene. Viral vaccines presenting multiple α-gal epitopes on their glycan shield bind anti-Gal and activate the complement system to produce complement chemotactic cleavage peptides C5a and C3a that induce extensive recruitment of APCs to vaccine injection sites. The virion-bound anti-Gal further targets the viral vaccine for robust uptake by APCs, following binding of its Fc "tail" to Fcγ-receptors on APCs. The efficacy of this method was studied in anti-Gal-producing mice with α-gal presenting inactivated influenza virus vaccine and with gp120 of HIV presenting this epitope. These studies indicated that virus vaccines engineered to present α-gal epitopes increase anti-virus antibody production and virus-specific T-cell activation by 15- to 100-fold in comparison to the same vaccines lacking α-gal epitopes. It is suggested that α-gal presenting inactivated SARS-CoV-2 virus vaccines can induce a similar protective long-term immune memory against S- M-, E-, and N-viral proteins. Furthermore, immune-escaping variants of the mutated S-protein may be destroyed by antibodies to M and E proteins, and cells infected with such variants may be killed by cytotoxic T cells specific to peptides of the N-protein. Such an anti-M-, E-, and N-protein immune protection may prevent expansion of these variants and thus may avoid the need for immunization with COVID-19 vaccines every 6 months or following the appearance of new variants. A similar potent immunization may be achieved with an inactivated Ebolavirus vaccine engineered to present α-gal epitopes on the glycan shield. The resulting immune response to the various Ebolavirus proteins also may contribute to cross-reactive protection against other Ebolavirus species containing proteins with evolutionarily conserved structures. An effective method for the preparation of a whole-virus vaccine presenting α-gal epitopes is by arming it with the GGTA1-gene inserted into the viral genome. Such virions will present multiple α-gal epitopes on their glycan shield, which will amplify their immunogenicity instead of reducing it in the wild-type virus.

PMID 42506608
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PubMedVaccines2026-07-27

Evaluation of Immunogenicity and Cross-Protective Efficacy of a CpG-Adjuvanted Trivalent Inactivated Influenza Vaccine in Ferrets.

Qiu Yanping Y, Zhang Yan Y, He Shuangshuang S, Wang Yutian Y et al.

Background/Objectives: Pandemic influenza remains a persistent global threat, and while vaccination is the primary preventive measure, conventional vaccines often induce narrow, strain-specific immunity. This study evaluated the immunogenicity, protective efficacy, and cross-protective potential of a CpG-adjuvanted trivalent inactivated influenza vaccine (CpG-TIV) administered intramuscularly at high and low doses in ferrets. Methods: Groups of influenza-seronegative ferrets received two intramuscular injections, 3 weeks apart, of high- or low-dose CpG-TIV or a commercial non-adjuvanted trivalent vaccine. Three weeks after the second immunization (Day 42), serum was obtained, and the ferrets were subsequently challenged intranasally with homologous H1N1 and influenza B viruses, as well as a heterologous drifted H3N2 strain. Clinical signs, body weight, nasal viral load, and lung histopathology were monitored following the viral challenge. Results: CpG-TIV induced significantly higher dose-dependent HI and IgG antibodies than the commercial unadjuvanted vaccine. High-dose CpG-TIV markedly reduced weight loss, clinical symptoms, nasal viral load (by up to 99%), and lung pathological damage. Notably, high-dose CpG-TIV provided significant cross-protection against heterologous H3N2, whereas the commercial vaccine showed no protective effect. At Day 42, HI GMTs in the high-dose group reached 500, 254, and 594 against H1N1, H3N2, and B strains, respectively, with a maximal 2.58 log10 reduction in H1N1 viral load. Conclusions: High-dose CpG-TIV demonstrates strong immunogenicity and robust dose-dependent homologous and heterologous cross-protection in ferrets. The combination of a CpG adjuvant and high-dose antigen broadens protection against drifted influenza viruses, overcoming the narrow coverage of conventional vaccines. These data support further clinical development of this broad-spectrum influenza vaccine candidate.

PMID 42506652
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PubMedJournal of public health (Oxford, England)2026-07-27

Cost analysis of vaccine-preventable diseases surveillance in Ethiopia.

Mejia Nelly N, Workineh Aschalew Abayneh AA, Zeleke Eden Dagnachew ED, Beshah Senait Alemayehu SA et al.

This study evaluated the cost of the vaccine-preventable diseases (VPD) surveillance system in Ethiopia to inform budgeting for disease detection, prevention, and control, and planning for transitions from donor funding. This cross-sectional retrospective, bottom-up micro-costing study collected data on resource utilization to conduct VPD surveillance during one fiscal year (2018-2019) in Ethiopia. The study covered 16 VPDs and costs from the government and partners perspective. The estimated economic costs of VPD surveillance in Ethiopia were US$69.11 million or US$0.70 per capita, while financial costs were US$26.83 million or US$0.27 per capita. The largest economic cost was for labor (41.0%) and the largest financial cost was for supplies (36.9%). Resources were mostly allocated to integrated, general disease surveillance (economic: 54.6%; financial: 50.7%), followed by surveillance for measles and rubella (economic: 15.9%; financial: 22.5%) and polio (economic: 12.4%; financial: 15.7%). The main funder was the Ethiopian Ministry of Health (economic: 78.8%; financial 62.6%), including donor resources channeled through the ministry. Human resources were primary drivers of economic costs. Although the Ethiopian VPD surveillance system uses shared resources across multiple VPDs, resulting in scale efficiencies, and the Ethiopian government covers most of its economic costs, a substantial portion relies on direct external donor support.

PMID 42504969
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