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montmorillonite (Diarrafin)

✓ Approved

Beijing Holley-Cotec Pharma · 小分子 · 小分子

什么是 montmorillonite？

montmorillonite 是一种小分子，由Beijing Holley-Cotec Pharma研发。该药已获批，用于治疗相关适应症，给药途径：Oral (PO)。

药物档案

商品名Diarrafin
公司Beijing Holley-Cotec Pharma
药物类别小分子
给药途径Oral (PO)
状态Approved
来源： ClinicalTrials.gov, Beijing Holley-Cotec Pharma

治疗适应症

montmorillonite 针对 1 个适应症，涉及 1 个治疗领域。

治疗领域疾病/病症分期
Gastrointestinal disordersDiarrhoea✓ Approved

相关研究文献

PubMedScientific reports2026-09-11

Comparative evaluation of calcined paper mill sludge, montmorillonite, and their composite adsorbents for mature landfill leachate treatment.

Falahati Naghibi Elham E, Shirmardi Mohammad M, Amouei Abdoliman A, Mehdinia Seyed Mahmoud SM et al.

Mature landfill leachate is difficult to treat because refractory dissolved organic matter produces high chemical oxygen demand (COD), intense color, and poor biodegradability. This study compared calcined paper mill sludge (PMS-A), montmorillonite (Mt), and a novel calcined PMS-Mt composite for simultaneous COD and color removal from mature landfill leachate. Adsorbents were characterized by SEM, EDAX, FTIR, nitrogen sorption, and point-of-zero-charge analysis, and evaluated in batch experiments. At the optimized conditions (pH ≈ 7, 80 g L⁻¹ adsorbent, 90 min, and 250 rpm), PMS-A achieved the highest color and COD removals (98% and 92%), followed by PMS-Mt composite (96% and 76%) and Mt (50% and 60%). Although Mt had the greatest specific surface area, its lower performance showed that surface chemistry and site accessibility were more influential than surface area alone. The pseudo-second-order and Elovich models provided the best fit to the kinetic data. COD adsorption was generally better described by the Freundlich isotherm, whereas color isotherm behavior differed among the adsorbents. These empirical fits were not interpreted as proof of a specific adsorption mechanism. The required dosage of 80 g L⁻¹ and energy-intensive calcination remain important scale-up constraints. Overall, PMS-A showed the strongest technical performance, supporting further work on dosage reduction, regeneration, continuous-flow operation, and techno-economic assessment.

PMID 42722766
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PubMedJournal of contaminant hydrology2026-09-10

When does back-diffusion from low-permeability porous media into aquifers create isotope fractionation?

Höhener Patrick P, Prieto-Espinoza Maria M, Salem Asma Ben AB, Bouchard Daniel D et al.

At many historically polluted sites with chlorinated solvents, dissolved compounds have diffused into aquitards by aqueous diffusion. Remediation of the residual solvents in aquifers is possible, but after source removal, back diffusion of the dissolved compounds from aquitards can sustain groundwater contamination and requires prolonged post-remediation monitoring. The objective of this work is to evaluate the applicability of compound-specific stable isotope analysis (CSIA) as a tool for monitoring processes at sites impacted by back diffusion. Diffusion experiments in agar gels were performed with the three chlorinated solvents cis-1,2-dichloroethene (CIS), trichloroethene (TCE) and chlorobenzene (CB). No significant isotope fractionation was observed for any of the compounds during back diffusion from agar gels. The isotope fractionation during sorption to either Montmorillonite, Kaolinite and Amberlite XAD-2 yielded small inverse isotope effects for CB on Montmorillonite, and for CB and TCE on Amberlite XAD-2. Analytical reactive transport equations were developed to simulate the carbon isotope fractionation of compounds during forward and back diffusion in aquitards. The model identifies the conditions under which measurable isotope shifts in TCE, used as a model compound, are generated diffusing forward into a clay aquifer for 45 years and then diffusing back for 100 years. The model indicated that back diffusion cancels small isotope effects that occurred during forward diffusion in absence of degradation. The model also showed that aquitards can only contribute to isotope fractionation when fractionating degradation reactions are present in the aquitard (e.g., abiotic reductions). The results of this study provide an improved scientific basis for applying CSIA for post-remediation process monitoring in setting with back diffusion from contaminated aquitards.

PMID 42721815
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PubMedRSC advances2026-09-09

Deep eutectic solvent-driven surface activation of montmorillonite enhances heavy metal uptake and electrochemical charge-transfer properties.

Lawan Bukar B, Kubri Abubakar Shettima AS

Montmorillonite clay was modified using a zinc chloride-urea metal salt-based deep eutectic solvent (MSDES) to probe how DES-induced surface reconfiguration governs metal-ion coordination and interfacial behaviour. XRD and FTIR confirmed retention of the 2 : 1 aluminosilicate framework and Si-O-Si bands, with redistribution of surface hydroxyl groups indicating surface-level rather than structural modification. XPS quantified Zn 2p at 0.74 atomic% on the DES-modified surface against no detectable signal on the unmodified clay, confirming zinc incorporation. N2 physisorption showed a 61% increase in BET surface area (42.3 to 68.1 m2 g-1) and a 71% gain in total pore volume. Zeta potential remained negative across the working pH range, with the point of zero charge shifting from pH 2.5 to 3.2. Batch adsorption in real contaminated water under competitive multi-ion conditions gave a selectivity hierarchy of Pb2+ > Cr3+ > Cd2+. Single-component Langmuir capacities were 0.696, 0.154, and 0.105 mg g-1 for Pb2+, Cr3+, and Cd2+, 158%, 927%, and 163% higher than unmodified montmorillonite. Non-linear kinetics revealed distinct rate-determining behaviour. Pb2+ followed pseudo-second-order kinetics indicative of chemisorption, Cr3+ followed pseudo-first-order kinetics, and Cd2+ showed rapid uptake followed by progressive displacement. Capacity retention exceeded 87% for Pb2+ and 68% for Cd2+ across five regeneration cycles. DES treatment reduced charge-transfer resistance from 2850 to 620 Ω and raised anodic peak current by 235% relative to unmodified montmorillonite. These results link DES-induced surface reconfiguration to the metal-stabilising and electrochemical properties of the material, supporting its use as a clay-based scaffold for catalytic and remediation applications.

PMID 42713469
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PubMedLangmuir : the ACS journal of surfaces and colloids2026-09-08

Tailoring Montmorillonite Interlayer Microporosity for Highly Selective CO2/CH4 Separation.

Grekov Denys I DI, El Azrak Anwar A, Truche Laurent L, Pré Pascaline P

Cation-exchanged montmorillonite clays with tunable interlayer microporosity were investigated as adsorbents for CO2/CH4 separation. A series of materials was prepared by substitution of native interlayer Na+ charge-balancing cations with Cs+ and a series of methylammonium cations of increasing size (CH3NH3+, (CH3)2NH2+, (CH3)3NH+, and (CH3)3N+), enabling progressive modulation of the interlayer spacing within the range 0.25-0.43 nm. Structural and textural characterization confirmed the development of gas-accessible microporosity correlated with cation size. CO2 and CH4 adsorption equilibria were measured up to 100 kPa pressure, at temperatures ranging from -13 to 50 °C and simulated using dual-site Langmuir and Henry models, respectively. The determined adsorption heats were found to lie between 20 and 30 kJ·mol-1 for CO2 and 8 to 24 kJ·mol-1 for CH4. The results reveal a strong dependence of adsorption behavior and separation performance on interlayer pore width. The CH3NH3+-exchanged clay exhibits the most favorable balance, combining high CO2 uptake with minimal CH4 adsorption, leading to exceptional CO2/CH4 selectivity exceeding that of reference zeolites. This performance is attributed primarily to the steric effects or appearance of new adsorption sites rather than enhanced adsorption energetics. Water adsorption measurements demonstrated a significantly lower hydrophilicity compared to zeolite 13X, suggesting potential improvement of material robustness under Vacuum Pressure Swing Adsorption (VPSA) process operation conditions for biomethane upgrading. Process-relevant performance indicators, including working CO2 adsorption capacity, Adsorbent Figure of Merit, Sorbent Selection Parameter, and Adsorbent Performance Indicator, confirm the strong potential of this material for VPSA CO2/CH4 separation.

PMID 42709119
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PubMedEnvironmental technology2026-09-03

A study on uranium removal from simulated groundwater by Leifsonia sp. in the presence of clay minerals.

Ke Kaixian K, Tan Wenfa W, Zhang Mingchao M, Chen Yufei Y et al.

This study investigated the removal of U(VI) from multi-ion simulated groundwater using a uranium-tolerant indigenous strain Leifsonia sp. coupled with natural kaolinite and montmorillonite binary clay composites. Batch static experiments were performed to systematically quantify the independent and interactive effects of key variables (pH, reaction duration, initial U(VI) concentration, bacterial dry biomass dosage) and common groundwater coexisting ions on U(VI) immobilization efficiency. The binary clay-bacteria composite achieved optimal U(VI) removal performance, with a maximum removal efficiency of 94.23% under the optimized conditions of pH 6, 20 h reaction time, 10 mg·L-¹ initial U(VI) concentration, and 0.6 g·L-¹ bacterial biomass. Kinetic studies were further conducted to elucidate the adsorption behaviour, and the PSO model exhibited the best fitting performance, confirming the dominant chemisorption mechanism. Multi-technique characterizations including SEM-EDS, FTIR and XPS were applied to reveal the synergistic immobilization mechanism. Clay minerals significantly promoted bacterial cell attachment, alleviated bacterial aggregation and uranium cytotoxicity, and supplied abundant extra inorganic ion-exchange adsorption sites. FTIR spectra verified that hydroxyl, carboxyl, alkoxy and carbonyl functional groups from bacterial extracellular polymeric substances and clay lattices jointly coordinated uranyl ions. XPS high-resolution U4f spectra and quantitative peak fitting detected coexisting U(VI) and U(IV) species in solid reaction precipitates, realizing differentiation of passive surface adsorption (∼73%) and metabolism-dependent microbial bioreduction (∼21%) contributions to U(VI) immobilization. Overall, the natural binary clay-indigenous Leifsonia composite exhibited prominent cascade synergistic effects and shows promising application potential for in-situ remediation of uranium-contaminated groundwater.

PMID 42690227
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PubMedPolymer science & technology (Washington, D.C.)2026-08-28

From Print to Soil: Superworm-Degradable Organic Electrochemical Transistors via PEDOT:PSS-Clay Composites.

Na Hyeonjun H, Hong Yeongbeom Y, Jo Il-Young IY, Lee Da-Young DY et al.

The growing use of disposable electronics has intensified concerns regarding end-of-life electronic waste, highlighting an urgent need for devices that balance high functionality with sustainability. Herein, we report disposable printed organic electrochemical transistors (OECTs) featuring a worm-edible PEDOT:PSS-clay composite active layer. These devices are constructed entirely from components selected to reduce environmental burden: a chemically reinforced and hydrophobically modified paper substrate; printable electrodes derived from a cellulose nanofiber (CNF)-templated silver ink; and a PEDOT:PSS/montmorillonite (MMT) composite active layer that ensures both electrochemical performance and superworm-derived biodegradability. Despite the use of low-resolution printing and sustainable materials, the resultant OECT devices exhibit low-voltage but stable operation and decent electrical characteristics suitable for practical applications. Critically, we demonstrate that these fully integrated devices are edible at the device level and can be disposed of via superworm ingestion (Zophobas morio), providing a proof-of-concept insect-mediated disposal pathway that may reduce environmental burden without requiring device retrieval or industrial composting. This work establishes a potential insect-mediated disposal strategy using superworms for the design of sustainable printed bioelectronic systems.

PMID 42662785
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