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montmorillonite (Diarrafin)

✓ Approved

Beijing Holley-Cotec Pharma · 小分子 · 小分子

什么是 montmorillonite？

montmorillonite 是一种小分子，由Beijing Holley-Cotec Pharma研发。该药已获批，用于治疗相关适应症，给药途径：Oral (PO)。

药物档案

商品名Diarrafin
公司Beijing Holley-Cotec Pharma
药物类别小分子
给药途径Oral (PO)
状态Approved
来源： ClinicalTrials.gov, Beijing Holley-Cotec Pharma

治疗适应症

montmorillonite 针对 1 个适应症，涉及 1 个治疗领域。

治疗领域疾病/病症分期
Gastrointestinal disordersDiarrhoea✓ Approved

相关研究文献

PubMedJournal of agricultural and food chemistry2026-07-27

Manganese-Exchanged Smectite Clays as a Potential Controlled-Release Fertilizer for Mn Nutrition: Comparative Evaluation of Mn-Laponite and Mn-Montmorillonite.

García-Rico María Del Carmen MDC, Lucena Juan J JJ, Aller Ana Carmen Perdigón ACP, Martín-Rodríguez Rosa R et al.

To mitigate the negative effects of conventional fertilization, a novel concept of clay-based controlled-release manganese (Mn) fertilizers was investigated. Three Mn-exchanged smectites were synthesized via cation exchange: one montmorillonite (Mn(NO3)2) and two laponites (Mn(NO3)2 and MnCl2). Their composition, stability, and Mn-release behavior were assessed in saline medium across pH 5.5-8.2. A hydroponic experiment with barley (Hordeum vulgare cv. Antonia), a Mn-sensitive species, was conducted at pH 8.2 using sand amended with Mn-clays and compared with MnSO4 and MnEDTA. All treatments rapidly corrected Mn deficiency. At 8 weeks, biomass under Mn-laponite2, Mn-montmorillonite, and conventional fertilizers was comparable to or higher than that of the deficient control. Mn-laponites provided rapid Mn availability, whereas Mn-montmorillonite exhibited slower, sustained release. Smectite type thus controls Mn-release dynamics, supporting the use of synthetic clays as fertilizers in calcareous systems, though field validation is still pending.

PMID 42503678
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PubMedGels (Basel, Switzerland)2026-07-27

Electrochemical Behavior of Clay-Based Nanocomposites in an Ion-Exchange Gel Membrane for Supercapacitor Applications.

Mladenova Borislava B, Ivanova Gergana G, Bakalova Antonia A, Lefterova Elefteria E et al.

The development of low-cost, environmentally friendly, and electrochemically stable electrode materials remains a significant challenge for supercapacitors. In the present study, composite materials based on a montmorillonite K10 clay support were synthesized and characterized. Coconut shell-derived activated carbon, manganese dioxide (MnO2), and/or activated carbon (YP-80F) modified with silver nanoparticles were utilized as functional additives to the clay matrix. The aim of this work is to enhance the specific capacitance and electrochemical stability of the materials through a synergistic effect between these individual components. The novelty of this study lies in the integration of montmorillonite K10-based nanocomposites with an ion-exchange hydrogel membrane and in the investigation of the synergistic effects of different functional additives on the electrochemical performance of supercapacitors. The electrodes were fabricated using a casting method, while a commercial membrane, pre-soaked in a sodium sulfate solution, was employed as both separator and electrolyte. The membrane functions as an ion-exchange hydrogel, contributing to high ionic conductivity and reduced interfacial resistance. The electrochemical results indicate that the presence of additives significantly improves electron transport within the system, while the K10 clay support acts as a stable structural framework. The obtained results demonstrate the potential of clay-based nanocomposites integrated into gel-polymer systems for the development of efficient, low-cost, and environmentally friendly next-generation supercapacitors.

PMID 42505259
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PubMedACS omega2026-07-24

Hydration-Induced Transition from Site-Controlled to Diffusion-Controlled Ion Transport in Montmorillonite Interlayers.

Nugraha Irwan I, Izadifar Mohammadreza M, Emmerich Katja K, Ukrainczyk Neven N et al.

Ion transport in clay minerals is governed by hydration (interlayer water content), yet the underlying molecular mechanisms remain insufficiently understood. Specifically, it is unclear whether water simply reduces migration barriers or fundamentally alters the nature of transport. Here, we combine density functional theory (DFT) with two-dimensional potential energy surface (PES) mapping to investigate the mobility of Na+ and K+ in montmorillonite interlayers as a function of water content. In water-free conditions, the energy landscape is strongly corrugated, exhibiting pronounced minima and large migration barriers (∼several eV) that localize ions at specific adsorption sites, defining a site-controlled regime. Upon hydration, migration barriers decrease nonlinearly, and the energy landscape progressively flattens. At sufficiently high water content, well-defined adsorption sites disappear, signaling a transition to a diffusion-controlled regime. We further demonstrate that the topology of the tetrahedral framework acts as a physical sieve, proving as decisive for ion localization as the electrostatic charge distribution. While Na+ mobility remains sensitive to the local structural vacancy arrangement, the larger K+ ion experiences a spatially averaged potential due to steric restrictions that decouple its transport from local lattice heterogeneity. These findings reveal that hydration does not merely enhance mobility but fundamentally alters the topology of the energy landscape, acting as a molecular "switch" between localized and delocalized ion behavior in confined nanoporous materials.

PMID 42495385
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PubMedEFSA journal. European Food Safety Authority2026-07-24

Assessment of the feed additive consisting of bentonite (dioctahedral montmorillonite) as an anticaking agent for all animal species and as a substance for reduction of the contamination of feed by mycotoxins for pigs, poultry and ruminants for the renewal of its authorisation (BASF SE).

EFSA Panel on Additives and Products or Substances used in Animal Feed (FEEDAP), Villa Roberto Edoardo RE, Azimonti Giovanna G, Bonos Eleftherios E et al.

Following a request from the European Commission, EFSA was asked to deliver a scientific opinion on the renewal of bentonite as a technological feed additive in the functional groups of anticaking agents for all animal species and of substances for reduction of the contamination of feed by mycotoxins for pigs, poultry and ruminants. The applicant has provided evidence that the additive currently on the market complies with the existing conditions of authorisation. There is no evidence that would lead the FEEDAP Panel to reconsider its previous conclusions. Thus, the Panel concluded that the additive remains safe for the target species, consumers and the environment under the authorised conditions of use. Regarding user safety, the Panel concludes that bentonite is not irritant to skin but mildly irritant to eyes and is a skin and respiratory sensitiser. Exposure of users by any route is considered a risk and should be minimised. There is no need for assessing the efficacy of the additive in the context of the renewal of the authorisation.

PMID 42494836
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PubMedEnvironmental science & technology2026-07-23

Iron-Rich Clay Minerals Mediate Abiotic Methane Formation through Distinct Fe Coordination Environments.

Yan Ying Y, Zou Jianlong J, Wang Hao H, Yu Menghan M et al.

Methane (CH4) plays a central role in the global carbon cycle, yet the contribution of abiotic processes to natural CH4 emissions remains poorly constrained, particularly in iron-rich sedimentary environments. Here, we demonstrate that ubiquitous iron-rich clay minerals, including Fe3+-exchanged montmorillonite (Fe3+-MMT) and ferric nontronite (NAu), catalyze abiotic CH4 formation from methylated organic substrates under environmentally relevant redox conditions. Both minerals enhance CH4 formation relative to dissolved Fe3+ but exhibit contrasting formation kinetics and product selectivity arising from differences in Fe coordination and mineral structure. Fe3+-MMT generates rapid CH4 pulses through interlayer-confined redox cycling, whereas NAu supports slower yet sustained CH4 formation through gradual activation of structural Fe. Spectroscopic analyses combined with density functional theory calculations reveal that mineral structure regulates Fe(IV)═O generation and stabilizes methyl radicals, thereby suppressing overoxidation. Compared with homogeneous Fe3+ systems, clay-catalyzed reactions reduced CO/CO2 formation by 42-62%. CH4 yields are further modulated by pH, temperature, inorganic cations, and organic ligands. These findings identify iron-rich clays as mineralogical controls on abiotic CH4-forming pathways and highlight their potential role in sedimentary carbon cycling and methylated organic compound transformation.

PMID 42489030
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PubMedRSC advances2026-07-23

Synergistic adsorption-oxidation of phenol by a magnetically recoverable LNC/MMT-stabilized NZVI composite.

Baiyun Zhao Z, Ling Meng M, Bo Zhang Z, Li Wang W

Phenolic wastewater remains a critical environmental concern owing to its high toxicity and resistance to natural attenuation. To overcome the inherent drawbacks of bare nano-zero-valent iron (NZVI)-namely severe agglomeration and rapid surface passivation-we designed a novel ternary composite (LNC/MMT@NZVI) by immobilizing NZVI particles onto a lignocellulose/montmorillonite (LNC/MMT) binary support via liquid-phase reduction. This strategy achieved excellent NZVI dispersion and generated a mesoporous architecture with markedly enhanced thermal stability, as confirmed by N2 adsorption-desorption, XRD, FTIR, SEM-EDS, TEM, TG-DSC, and VSM analyses. The composite exhibited an outstanding phenol adsorption capacity of 127.58 mg g-1 under optimized conditions (pH 8, 50 °C, 240 min). Kinetic and isotherm studies revealed that phenol removal follows the pseudo-second-order model (R 2 = 0.9857) and Langmuir isotherm (R 2 = 0.9999), indicating a chemisorption-dominated monolayer process. XPS and EPR spectroscopic evidence unambiguously demonstrated that the embedded Fe0 initiates a sustained Fenton-like redox cycle, generating hydroxyl radicals (·OH) as the predominant reactive species, while the LNC/MMT support concurrently enriches phenol molecules near the active sites via hydrogen bonding and surface complexation. This synergistic integration of adsorptive enrichment and catalytic oxidation not only overcomes the intrinsic limitations of standalone NZVI but also provides a highly efficient, magnetically recoverable platform for treating recalcitrant organic wastewater.

PMID 42491600
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