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metoclopramide (Gimoti / EVK 001 / EVK001)

✓ Approved

Evoke Pharma, Inc. · DRD2 · 小分子

什么是 metoclopramide？

metoclopramide 是一种小分子，由Evoke Pharma, Inc.研发。该药已获批，用于治疗相关适应症，给药途径：Inhaled、Intranasal、Oral (PO)。

药物档案

商品名Gimoti, EVK 001, EVK001
公司Evoke Pharma, Inc.
药物类别小分子
分子靶点DRD2, HTR4, PTGS1, PTGS2
给药途径Inhaled, Intranasal, Oral (PO)
状态Approved
来源： ClinicalTrials.gov, Evoke Pharma, Inc.

作用机制

分子靶点

metoclopramide 作用于 4 个分子靶点：

DRD2dopamine receptor D2 (D2R, D2DR)
HTR45-hydroxytryptamine receptor 4 (5-HT4R, 5-HT4)
PTGS1prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 1 (PHS1, PGHS-1)
PTGS2prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2 (COX2, COX-2)
需要更深入的分析？Noah AI 可解释复杂机制并与同类药物比较。

治疗适应症

metoclopramide 针对 1 个适应症，涉及 1 个治疗领域。

治疗领域疾病/病症分期
Gastrointestinal disordersGastric atony✓ Approved

相关研究文献

PubMedClinical ophthalmology (Auckland, N.Z.)2026-09-11

The Effect of Varenicline Nasal Spray on the Signs and Symptoms of Dry Eye Disease and Tear Film Stability: A Randomized Controlled Trial.

Stephenson P Dee PD, Matossian Cynthia C

To evaluate the effect of varenicline nasal spray (VNS) 0.03 mg on the signs and symptoms of dry eye disease (DED) and tear film stability. In this prospective, placebo-controlled study, 50 DED subjects were randomized to receive either VNS 0.03 mg nasal spray or its vehicle twice daily for 28 days. Study parameters included dry eye questionnaire score (DEQS), eye dryness score (EDS), corneal (CFS) and conjunctival fluorescein staining, non-invasive tear break-up time (TBUT), surface asymmetry index (SAI), and surface regularity index (SRI). Post treatment, the improvement in mean symptom scores, including DEQS (23% vs 12%, p=0.022) and EDS (44% vs 27%, p = 0.012), was significantly higher in the VNS group compared to the vehicle group. The mean CFS and conjunctival staining scores also showed significantly higher improvement (~50% vs ~20%, p<0.001) in the VNS group compared to the vehicle. The mean change in non-invasive TBUT was higher in the VNS group (70% vs 30%, p = 0.680). The mean improvement in SAI and SRI were comparable between the two groups. There were no serious adverse events in either group. There was a statistically significant improvement in the symptoms and signs of DED in the VNS group. These results indicate that improving natural tear production using VNS nasal spray can help foster tear film stability and ocular homeostasis over time. NCT05514041.

PMID 42724843
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PubMedScientific reports2026-09-11

Enhancing nasal irrigation adherence through a multimodal health communication strategy: a phased improvement study.

Li Lok-Yee Joyce LJ, Wu Sheng-Yu SY, Tsai Cheng-Yu CY, Majumdar Arnab A et al.

The adherence of chronic rhinitis patients to self-administered treatments is generally very low, which often presents a significant challenge in healthcare. The adherence of chronic rhinitis patients to regular nasal irrigation hygiene care is even lower. Therefore, in this study, we designed, implemented, and evaluated a patient-centered Multimodal Health Communication Strategy intervention, that aimed to improve the adherence to nasal irrigation of adult patients with allergic rhinitis or chronic hypertrophic rhinitis. This was a healthcare quality improvement project conducted from January to July 2025 in the otolaryngology outpatient department of a medical center. The healthcare quality improvement intervention evolved in two stages. The first-stage intervention introduced a "Multimodal Educational Strategy," combining visual aids, instructional videos, and one-on-one consultation with standard brief verbal instructions. The second-stage intervention, based on patient feedback from the first stage, further optimized the user experience by providing an ergonomic irrigation device and optionally available Herbal Tea Rinse saline solution. The primary outcome measure was that nasal irrigation adherence significantly increased from a baseline of 11.2% to 45.2% after the first stage (p < 0.001), and further increased to 75.0% after the second stage (p = 0.013). This represents a 569% relative increase (p < 0.001) compared to patients who had not undergone the Multimodal Health Communication Strategy intervention. Finally, patients who received the Multimodal Health Communication Strategy educational intervention showed an improvement in knowledge mastery from 51% to 93.8%, and overall satisfaction also significantly increased. The study concluded that low adherence to nasal irrigation is a problem that can be overcome, rather than an insurmountable communication gap between patients and healthcare providers. Systematic patient-centered education through the Multimodal Health Communication Strategy was associated with an improvement in self-nasal irrigation care adherence.

PMID 42722715
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PubMedFrontiers in immunology2026-09-11

Phosphoproteomic analysis in a mouse model reveals ERK signaling as a key modulator of inflammatory response in nasal mucosa associated with childhood allergic rhinitis.

Zhan Xiaojun X, Li Mengyao M, Ye Siyu S, Wang Ruikun R et al.

Childhood allergic rhinitis (AR) is a multifactorial condition arising from the interplay between genetic predisposition and environmental exposures. Although protein phosphorylation is widely recognized as a key regulator of gene expression across various physiological and pathological states, its global alterations in the nasal mucosa of pediatric patients with AR and their subsequent impact on mucosal function and inflammatory pathways remain incompletely characterized. Our study aimed to elucidate the molecular mechanisms underlying nasal mucosa dysfunction induced by pediatric AR. Our analysis revealed 3,861 proteins encompassing a total of 15,491 phosphorylation sites. Specifically, we detected 441 downregulated phosphorylation sites on 584 proteins and 531 upregulated phosphorylation sites on 722 proteins in the nasal mucosa of the AR group. Our proteomics findings suggest that the dysregulation of immune activation and metabolic regulation may contribute to AR pathophysiology. Through pathway analysis of the identified phosphorylation sites, we found Extracellular Signal-Regulated Kinase (ERK) signaling emerged as an important pathway; notably, upregulation of ERK1/2 phosphorylation was observed as a significant marker associated with AR. Importantly, targeting ERK inhibitors presents a potential therapeutic strategy for modulating key inflammatory response signaling pathways in the context of AR, although this finding is derived from preclinical mouse models and requires rigorous validation in human pediatric nasal mucosal tissues before any clinical translation can be considered. Collectively, these findings highlight that elucidating the molecular mechanisms underlying AR-induced nasal mucosal dysfunction in the mouse model may inform the novel therapeutic targets for pediatric allergy-related diseases. Overall, elucidating these mechanisms has substantial implications for developing targeted interventions aimed at mitigating inflammation associated with allergic rhinitis.

PMID 42723903
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PubMedFrontiers in medicine2026-09-11

Development and internal validation of a prognostic nomogram for recurrence in chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps after functional endoscopic sinus surgery.

Yang Yang Y, Geng Congli C, Luo Jiahua J, Wang Min M et al.

Chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps (CRSwNP) frequently recurs after functional endoscopic sinus surgery (FESS). This study aimed to develop and internally validate a prognostic nomogram for predicting the two-year recurrence-free rate (RFR) in patients with CRSwNP after FESS. A total of 404 patients with CRSwNP who underwent FESS were retrospectively enrolled and randomly divided into a training cohort (n = 303) and an internal validation cohort (n = 101). Recurrence was defined as the first postoperative detection of nasal polyps by nasal endoscopy within 2 years. Candidate predictors were selected using LASSO Cox regression and further evaluated using multivariate Cox regression. A nomogram was constructed to predict the two-year RFR. During the two-year follow-up, 148 patients experienced recurrence. Five independent predictors were included in the final model: number of previous nasal surgeries, olfactory cleft polyp, Lund-Mackay score, peripheral blood eosinophil percentage, and tissue eosinophil percentage. The nomogram showed good discrimination, with C-indices of 0.751 (95% CI, 0.707-0.795) in the training cohort and 0.707 (95% CI, 0.625-0.789) in the internal validation cohort. Calibration curves demonstrated good agreement between predicted and observed two-year RFR. Risk stratification based on the nomogram score separated patients into low-, intermediate-, and high-risk groups with significantly different RFRs. We developed and internally validated a nomogram for estimating two-year recurrence-free rate in patients with CRSwNP after FESS. The nomogram will help identify patients at high risk of recurrence and assist in the development of individualized treatment plans for patients with CRSwNP. Furthermore, we found that olfactory cleft polyps were a new independent risk factor for the postoperative recurrence of CRSwNP.

PMID 42724079
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PubMedSmall (Weinheim an der Bergstrasse, Germany)2026-09-11

A Biomimetic Nasal Mucus Gel System Adaptable for Catalytic Antibacterial Therapy.

Feng Yonghai Y, Yang Fang F, Zhu Guangzhao G, Zhang Xiaogang X et al.

Nasal mucus acts as a primary immunological barrier by synergistically integrating physical trapping and chemical antimicrobial defenses. However, constructing an artificial gel system that recapitulates this multifunctionality for catalytic antibacterial therapy remains challenging. Here, we report a mucus-inspired catalytic hydrogel that incorporates lysozyme nanofiber-templated PtCu nanohybrids into a thermoresponsive PEO-PPO-PEO triblock copolymer matrix. The resulting hydrogel exhibits excellent biocompatibility, robust peroxidase-like catalytic activity, NIR-responsive photothermal effects, and strong adaptability to heterogeneous wound microenvironments. By confining enzyme mimics at infection sites, the hydrogel enables sustained catalytic antibacterial action while buffering bacterial toxins, thereby mitigating inflammatory injury and preserving a regenerative microenvironment. This biomimetic system synergistically combines physical bacterial trapping with chemical catalytic killing, effectively eradicating both superficial infections and deep-seated periprosthetic joint infections. Moreover, it promotes wound healing, enhances osteogenesis, and suppresses pro-inflammatory cytokine expression. This work provides a promising strategy for developing artificial immune systems that emulate or even surpass the functional sophistication of natural mucus barriers.

PMID 42723369
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PubMedCureus2026-09-11

Comparison Between High-Flow Nasal Cannula (HFNC) Therapy and Noninvasive Ventilation (NIV) in Children With Bronchiolitis-Associated Acute Respiratory Failure: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

Fardan Zeinh H ZH, Abu Ayish Assraf A, AlQahtani Rifal H RH, Naser Noor M NM et al.

The optimal noninvasive respiratory support for infants and children with severe viral bronchiolitis remains unclear. While continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) has traditionally been considered the gold standard, high-flow nasal cannula (HFNC) therapy is a better-tolerated alternative. This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to evaluate the comparative efficacy and safety of HFNC versus noninvasive ventilation (NIV) in pediatric patients with bronchiolitis-associated acute respiratory failure. We searched major electronic databases through June 2026. We included randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and observational cohorts comparing HFNC with NIV (CPAP/bilevel positive airway pressure (BiPAP)). The primary outcomes were treatment failure, as defined by the individual studies, and endotracheal intubation. Data were synthesized using random-effects models, and heterogeneity was explored via subgroup analysis and meta-regression. Eleven studies (seven RCTs and four observational studies) comprising 7,574 patients were included. There was no statistically significant difference in the overall risk of treatment failure between HFNC and NIV (RR 1.99, 95% CI 0.65-6.10); however, study design was a significant moderator (p = 0.0019). Observational studies reported significantly higher failure rates with HFNC (RR 7.78), whereas RCTs showed no significant difference (RR 1.11). There were no significant differences in endotracheal intubation rates (RR 0.75, 95% CI 0.51-1.09) or pediatric intensive care unit length of stay (MD -0.16 days, 95% CI -0.79 to 0.47) between the groups. HFNC demonstrated a trend toward fewer local adverse events, such as nasal/skin trauma (RR 0.30, 95% CI 0.06-1.52), than did NIV. The certainty of evidence according to GRADE was low for all outcomes. HFNC showed no significant differences from NIV in critical clinical endpoints, including intubation rates and intensive care duration. Differences in treatment failure rates appeared to be influenced by study design, highlighting potential confounding by indication in observational data. Given its improved tolerability and trend toward reduced mucosal trauma, HFNC may represent a viable first-line noninvasive intervention for pediatric bronchiolitis.

PMID 42723831
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