北京若生智能科技有限公司
Drug Database
SP

spironolactone (Spiroderm)

✓ Approved

Merck KGaA · NR3C2 · 小分子

什么是 spironolactone？

spironolactone 是一种小分子，由Merck KGaA研发。该药已获批，用于治疗相关适应症，给药途径：Topical。

药物档案

商品名Spiroderm
公司Merck KGaA
药物类别小分子
分子靶点NR3C2, SCNN1A
给药途径Topical
状态Approved
来源： ClinicalTrials.gov, Merck KGaA

作用机制

分子靶点

spironolactone 作用于 2 个分子靶点：

NR3C2nuclear receptor subfamily 3 group C member 2 (NR3C2VIT, MR)
SCNN1Asodium channel epithelial 1 subunit alpha (SCNEA, BESC2)
需要更深入的分析？Noah AI 可解释复杂机制并与同类药物比较。

治疗适应症

spironolactone 针对 1 个适应症，涉及 1 个治疗领域。

治疗领域疾病/病症分期
Skin and subcutaneous tissue disordersAcne✓ Approved

相关研究文献

PubMedClinical case reports2026-10-27

Vehicle Optimization of Topical Clobetasol Propionate in Disseminated Granuloma Annulare: Clinical Insights From Two Cases.

Meduri Alexandre Raphael AR, Sbarra Giorgia G, Ciccarese Giulia G, Danza Paolo P et al.

Vehicle composition may influence topical corticosteroid performance. In two patients with disseminated granuloma annulare, switching from clobetasol ointment to the same-strength solution in diethylene glycol monoethyl ether (DEGEE) was followed by complete clearance, suggesting formulation optimization may be considered when topical treatment provides an inadequate response.

PMID 42936453
阅读全文 →
PubMedJAAPA : official journal of the American Academy of Physician Assistants2026-10-27

Atopic dermatitis.

Hulsey Brittney B, Walker Clay W CW, McFarlane Amanda A

Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a chronic, relapsing inflammatory skin disease that commonly begins in childhood and can persist or first appear in adulthood. Its burden reflects pruritus, sleep loss, pain, infection, psychosocial effects, and treatment demands rather than visible extent alone. Diagnosis is clinical and requires recognition of age- and skin tone-specific morphology and exclusion of mimics. AD management begins with moisturization, gentle bathing, topical anti-inflammatory therapy, education, and proactive maintenance. Newer nonsteroidal topical agents and targeted systemic therapies have expanded options, but treatment should be individualized according to age, disease severity and control, comorbidities, safety, access, and patient preference. Routine elimination diets, topical antimicrobials for uninfected disease, antihistamines as primary antipruritic therapy, and systemic corticosteroids are generally not recommended for AD. This review provides physician associates with a practical approach to diagnosis, severity assessment, stepwise treatment, complication recognition, and timely referral.

PMID 42934910
阅读全文 →
PubMedBiomedicines2026-10-27

Bridging Conventional and Natural Therapies for Recurrent Aphthous Stomatitis: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Triamcinolone and Non-Steroidal Alternatives.

Elbeshbeishy Rana A RA, George Biji Thomas BT, Patni Mohamed Anas MA, Gemi Ragai R et al.

Background: Recurrent aphthous stomatitis (RAS) is a chronic inflammatory condition that causes painful oral ulcers that impair eating and speech. Topical triamcinolone is commonly used, but non-steroidal natural and synthetic alternatives are increasingly studied. This systematic review and meta-analysis compared alternative topical therapies for pain outcomes (VAS, pain recovery time) and ulcer-healing time with topical triamcinolone. Methods: A PRISMA-guided search of five electronic databases for randomized controlled trials (RCTs) published between March 2014 and March 2025 was carried out. Eligible studies that compared alternative or natural treatments with topical triamcinolone for RAS based on randomized clinical trials were considered. Data were synthesized with random-effects models using standardized mean differences (SMDs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs). Random-effects analyses combining different interventions were interpreted as secondary, exploratory syntheses. Results: Twenty-six RCTs were included qualitatively; 14 RCTs (n = 836) contributed to the pain (VAS) meta-analysis (428 experimental; 408 triamcinolone). Alternative treatments had a similar reduction in pain to triamcinolone (SMD = 0.37, 95% CI 0.04-0.69; p < 0.03), with substantial heterogeneity (I2 ≈ 80%). Pain recovery time (4 RCTs; n = 182) did not differ significantly (SMD = 2.62; p = 0.36) and was highly heterogeneous. Ulcer-healing time (5 RCTs; n = 245) was shorter with alternatives (SMD = -1.28, 95% CI -2.33 to -0.23; p < 0.05). Reported alternatives included natural agents (e.g., honey, sage, pomegranate, curcumin) and synthetic modalities (e.g., hyaluronic acid, mucoadhesive patches, laser therapy). Conclusions: Some individual studies reported favourable pain or healing outcomes with alternatives to topical triamcinolone. However, limited treatment-specific evidence and substantial clinical heterogeneity restrict firm conclusions. Pooled estimates across different interventions should be considered exploratory. Further rigorous trials are needed to establish the comparative effectiveness and safety of individual treatments.

PMID 42940066
阅读全文 →
PubMedPharmaceutics2026-10-27

Topical Vitamin D Analogs Beyond Psoriasis: Pharmacological Mechanisms, Cutaneous Drug Delivery, and Clinical Evidence.

Laçej Doris D, Pietrella Anna A, Zoratto Nicole N, Lombardi Marianna M et al.

Topical vitamin D analogs are well-established therapies for psoriasis, but their broader dermatologic potential increasingly depends not only on their biological activity but also on the ability of topical formulations to achieve effective and localized cutaneous delivery. This narrative review critically examines the emerging use of calcipotriol, tacalcitol, and calcitriol beyond psoriasis, with particular emphasis on formulation strategies, cutaneous drug delivery, and their relationship with clinical performance. Conventional topical dosage forms, including ointments, creams, and solutions, remain the principal delivery systems used in clinical studies. Their therapeutic performance is influenced by vehicle composition, skin-barrier integrity, local retention, application conditions, and the physicochemical properties of the vitamin D compound, which collectively determine cutaneous penetration, tolerability, and systemic exposure. Across the reviewed indications, formulations and treatment protocols vary considerably, contributing to heterogeneity in clinical outcomes. Vitiligo currently presents the strongest clinical evidence, particularly when topical vitamin D analogs are combined with narrowband ultraviolet B phototherapy, whereas encouraging results have been reported for morphea, acne vulgaris, and inherited ichthyoses. Evidence for atopic dermatitis, alopecia areata, and basal cell carcinoma remains limited or inconsistent. Beyond conventional vehicles, emerging delivery technologies including liposomes, nanoemulsions, solid lipid nanoparticles, nanostructured lipid carriers, polymeric nanocarriers, hydrogels, and microneedle-assisted systems offer opportunities to enhance skin targeting, improve local drug retention and reduce systemic exposure. However, evidence specifically evaluating these advanced systems for vitamin D analogs remains predominantly preclinical. Future research should integrate clinical evaluation with formulation optimization, cutaneous pharmacokinetics, and comparative delivery studies, as accumulating evidence suggests that formulation-dependent skin delivery may be a critical determinant of therapeutic success beyond psoriasis.

PMID 42942780
阅读全文 →
PubMedMicroorganisms2026-10-27

Transferosome Delivery Unlocks the Therapeutic Potential of Imiquimod for Experimental Cutaneous Leishmaniasis.

Flores Gabriela V Araujo GVA, Laurenti Márcia D MD, Anaya Brayan J BJ, Cavallone Italo Novais IN et al.

Repurposing existing drugs offers an attractive strategy for neglected infectious diseases, but therapeutic efficacy may be limited by inadequate drug delivery to the site of infection. Imiquimod (IQ), a topical immunomodulatory agent, has shown potential against cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL); however, strategies to enhance its local therapeutic effect while minimizing drug exposure remain limited. Here, we developed IQ-loaded transferosomes (IQ-TFs) as nano-enabled topical delivery systems and evaluated their pharmaceutical performance, skin delivery properties, and antileishmanial efficacy against experimental CL caused by Leishmania (L.) amazonensis. IQ-TFs, prepared by thin-film hydration, showed a size of 596 ± 73 nm, low polydispersity (0.20 ± 0.02), zeta potential (-15.2 ± 1.8 mV), and high encapsulation efficiency (71.2 ± 18.7%). Encapsulation in transferosomes promoted sustained permeation and prolonged cutaneous retention of IQ, consistent with localized drug delivery. IQ-TFs markedly enhanced antileishmanial activity against both promastigotes and intracellular amastigotes. In vivo, topical IQ-TF significantly reduced parasite burden and improved infection-associated histopathological alterations. Notably, IQ-TFs achieved these effects using approximately 30-fold less IQ than the commercial 5% cream, with parasite control comparable to systemic deoxycholate amphotericin B. These findings highlight IQ transferosomes as a promising nanotechnology platform for transforming imiquimod into a more efficient low-dose topical therapy for cutaneous leishmaniasis.

PMID 42943615
阅读全文 →
PubMedCurrent issues in molecular biology2026-10-27

Topical Neoagarohexaose from Red Algae Alleviates Acute MSU-Induced Paw Inflammation Accompanied by Reduced Ccl2-Associated Macrophage Chemotaxis.

Wu Chaocheng C, Du Yating Y, Wang Shuting S, Chang Xinyue X et al.

Red algae-derived bioactive oligosaccharides have drawn increasing attention in drug discovery, yet their therapeutic potential in crystal-induced inflammation remains underexplored. Here, we investigated the anti-inflammatory effects and underlying mechanisms of neoagarohexaose (NA6), a well-defined agarose-derived oligosaccharide, in a mouse model of acute monosodium urate (MSU)-induced paw inflammation-a widely used surrogate of acute gout flares-and in RAW264.7 macrophages. Topical application of NA6 significantly alleviated paw swelling and subcutaneous tissue damage and was accompanied by reduced circulating myeloperoxidase activity and pro-inflammatory cytokines (TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6) at 24 h; under the present conditions, the high-dose NA6 group did not differ significantly from the diclofenac emulgel group. Immunofluorescence and qRT-PCR analyses confirmed reduced cytokine expression in paw tissues. Transcriptomic profiling and network analysis identified Ccl2 as the chemokine most strongly suppressed following NA6 treatment. In vitro, NA6 reduced MSU-induced Ccl2 expression and CCL2 secretion in macrophages, which was accompanied by reduced chemotactic migration, an effect partially reversed by recombinant CCL2 supplementation. Collectively, these findings show that topical NA6 alleviates acute MSU-induced paw inflammation and that this effect is accompanied by reduced CCL2 production and CCL2-associated chemotactic activity, supporting NA6 as a marine-derived candidate worthy of further investigation for the topical management of gout flares.

PMID 42939611
阅读全文 →

注册免费账户还可查看另外 9996 篇文献

免费注册查看全部文献 →

了解更多spironolactone