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spironolactone (Spiroderm)

✓ Approved

Merck KGaA · NR3C2 · 小分子

什么是 spironolactone？

spironolactone 是一种小分子，由Merck KGaA研发。该药已获批，用于治疗相关适应症，给药途径：Topical。

药物档案

商品名Spiroderm
公司Merck KGaA
药物类别小分子
分子靶点NR3C2, SCNN1A
给药途径Topical
状态Approved
来源： ClinicalTrials.gov, Merck KGaA

作用机制

分子靶点

spironolactone 作用于 2 个分子靶点：

NR3C2nuclear receptor subfamily 3 group C member 2 (NR3C2VIT, MR)
SCNN1Asodium channel epithelial 1 subunit alpha (SCNEA, BESC2)
需要更深入的分析？Noah AI 可解释复杂机制并与同类药物比较。

治疗适应症

spironolactone 针对 1 个适应症，涉及 1 个治疗领域。

治疗领域疾病/病症分期
Skin and subcutaneous tissue disordersAcne✓ Approved

相关研究文献

PubMedPlastic and reconstructive surgery. Global open2026-09-11

Successful Healing of a Chronic Distal Toe Ulcer with Tendon Exposure Using the Topical Macrophage Regulator ON101.

Huang Chao-Hsin CH, Lin I-Wen IW, Su Yu-Ting YT, Huang Shu-Hung SH

Diabetic foot ulcer (DFU) is one of the most challenging complications of diabetes mellitus. Chronic hyperglycemia contributes to impaired immune function, characterized by failure of macrophage polarization from the proinflammatory M1 to the prohealing M2 phenotype, together with increased release of inflammatory mediators. ON101 is a novel macrophage-regulating topical agent derived from botanical extracts, designed to suppress proinflammatory cytokines, restore M1/M2 macrophage balance, and promote collagen synthesis. We report the case of a 77-year-old man with diabetes mellitus who presented with a chronic, nonhealing ulcer of the right fifth toe with exposed tendon, persisting for 2 years despite conventional wound care and twice-daily Aquacel Ag+ extra dressing changes. The wound was accompanied by local inflammation, whereas angiographic evaluation suggested preserved distal runoff without evidence of critical macrovascular occlusion. ON101 topical therapy was initiated once daily under PolyMen dressing, leading to progressive granulation tissue formation, epithelial coverage of the tendon, and complete wound closure within 2 months. Notably, the total amount of ON101 used throughout the treatment course was less than 1 15-g tube. Given the chronicity of the wound, the presence of exposed tendon, and the difficulty of achieving durable healing in distal diabetic toe ulcers, this case suggests that ON101 may provide substantial therapeutic benefit in selected refractory cases.

PMID 42724883
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PubMedNarra J2026-09-11

Real-world effectiveness of a topical dihydroavenanthramide D formulation for chronic pruritus: A multicenter clinical study with molecular evidence of pruritogenic pathway modulation.

Ribero Simone S, Vaccaro Mario M, Borgia Francesco F, Mattozzi Carlo C et al.

Chronic pruritus is a prevalent and clinically burdensome condition that substantially impairs quality of life and is sustained by complex interactions between neuro-immune signaling and epidermal barrier dysfunction. Central mediators implicated in this pruritogenic network include interleukin-4 (IL-4), interleukin-13 (IL-13), interleukin-31 (IL-31), substance P encoded by TAC1, and nerve growth factor (NGF). The aim of this study was to evaluate the real-world effectiveness of a topical formulation containing dihydroavenanthramide D (DHAvD), a neurokinin-1 receptor inhibitor, in combination with barrier-repairing agents for reducing pruritus severity in patients with chronic pruritus of diverse etiologies. A supportive molecular sub-study was also performed to determine whether clinical improvement was accompanied by modulation of cutaneous pruritogenic gene expression. A prospective, single-arm, multicenter clinical study was conducted in 1,000 patients with chronic pruritus of diverse etiologies. The formulation was applied twice daily for 14 days, and pruritus severity was assessed using the 12-Item Pruritus Severity Scale (12-PSS; range 3-22). In a molecular sub-study, 20 patients with chronic idiopathic pruritus underwent paired skin biopsies from symptomatic areas before and after treatment, and cutaneous mRNA expression of IL4, IL13, IL31, TAC1, and NGF was quantified by qRT-PCR. The mean 12-PSS score decreased from 11.37±3.71 at baseline to 5.64±2.87 at day 14 (d=-1.72; p<0.001), and 55.4% of participants achieved a ≥50% reduction in pruritus severity. The reduction in symptom severity was consistent across etiological subgroups (p=0.787). A clinically meaningful reduction was also observed among patients treated with the cream as monotherapy, with 12-PSS scores decreasing from 10.44±3.78 to 5.06±2.62 (d=-1.53; p<0.001). In the molecular sub-study, significant downregulation of all five target genes was observed, with effect sizes ranging from d=-0.62 for IL4 (p=0.013) to d=-2.64 for NGF (p<0.001). In conclusion, topical DHAvD combined with barrier-repairing agents was associated with clinically meaningful real-world reduction in chronic pruritus severity and supportive molecular evidence of multi-target pruritogenic pathway modulation. These findings warrant confirmation in randomized vehicle-controlled trials.

PMID 42724128
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PubMedAnnals of medicine and surgery (2012)2026-09-11

Post-traumatic Blaschko-linear dermatitis following prostatectomy: a rare case report.

Katanji Salah Aldin SA, Kaurie Meri Abdul Masih MAM, Rayya Mohammad Zuhair MZ, Rayya Ali Zuhair AZ et al.

Blaschko-linear acquired inflammatory skin eruption includes lichen striatus and blaschkitis, which can be triggered by factors such as pregnancy and autoimmune diseases; a rare case in an elderly man post-prostatectomy illustrates the need for accurate diagnosis to prevent unnecessary treatment. A 69-year-old man developed a pruritic vesicular eruption along Blaschko's lines after undergoing prostatectomy. All laboratory tests for viruses were negative, and the biopsy result indicated post-traumatic Blaschkoid dermatitis. The patient was treated with topical corticosteroids and antihistamines, and he experienced remarkable improvement with no relapse three months later. Surgery-induced blaschkitis mimicking herpes zoster highlights the nonviral Koebner phenomenon, thereby preventing unnecessary antiviral use. Diagnosis of Blaschko-linear inflammatory eruptions should be made promptly to avoid misdiagnosis and prevent unnecessary use of antivirals. Further studies are needed on surgical trauma and cutaneous mosaicism.

PMID 42724915
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PubMedChemMedChem2026-09-11

Phosphorylated Analogs of Paracetamol and Their Anti-Inflammatory Potential.

Cruz Osvaldo León de la OL, Gutiérrez-Rebolledo Gabriel Alfonso GA, Castro Carlos Zepactonal Gómez CZG, Juárez Ángel Daniel Campos ÁDC et al.

Paracetamol is a widely used analgesic and antipyretic agent; however, its use is limited by minimal anti-inflammatory activity and the risk of hepatotoxicity from prolonged oral use or in acute overdose. To address these limitations, four novel phosphorylated paracetamol analogs (2a-2d) were synthesized via a UV-radical methodology and evaluated through integrated in silico, in vitro, and in vivo for anti-inflammatory dermal approaches. Molecular docking suggested plausible binding interactions with COX-1 and COX-2 for all analogs. In vitro cytotoxicity assays in THP-1 cells showed that 2a and 2b did not affect cell viability at 100 μM over 24 h. In a TPA-induced acute ear edema model in CD1 male mice, 2a produced about 50% inhibition of edema at the lowest tested quantity (0.5 mg/ear), representing a fourfold potency advantage over indomethacin at the same amount, while 2b displayed significant anti-inflammatory and vasoregulatory activity at higher quantities. Computational ADME profiling indicated that all analogs satisfy Lipinski's drug-likeness criteria and exhibit low predicted hERG channel risk. These results support N-phosphorylation of 4-aminophenol as a viable strategy to improve the topical anti-inflammatory efficacy of paracetamol analogs.

PMID 42723329
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PubMedFrontiers in medicine2026-09-11

Therapeutic expansion of JAK inhibitors in Chinese dermatological practice: beyond atopic dermatitis to novel autoimmune frontiers.

Lyu Xinyan X, Wang Yixi Y, Yang Jingyi J, Zhang Yiwen Y et al.

Janus kinase inhibitors (JAKi) have demonstrated clinical utility in managing atopic dermatitis (AD), yet their broader potential across immune-mediated dermatoses remains inadequately explored, particularly within China's restrictive regulatory landscape for dermatologic indications. This review examines pathogenic mechanisms and emerging evidence supporting JAKi repositioning in seven dermatological conditions beyond AD: alopecia areata (AA), vitiligo, psoriasis, dermatomyositis (DM), pemphigus, bullous pemphigoid (BP), and chronic spontaneous urticaria (CSU)-with emphasis on therapeutic gaps and opportunities specific to Chinese practice. We delineate disease-specific JAK-STAT dysregulation, including IFN-γ-driven cytotoxicity in AA/vitiligo, IL-23/STAT3 activation in psoriasis, and type I interferon hyperactivation in DM. Key clinical findings from rigorous trials indicate that oral tofacitinib achieves PASI75 in 58% of psoriatic patients within 16 weeks and topical ruxolitinib induces facial repigmentation exceeding 75% in vitiligo. In contrast, while current evidence is substantially limited to isolated case reports, emerging data suggest that baricitinib may resolve steroid-refractory BP lesions within one month. Persistent limitations include reliance on small-scale studies for pemphigus and CSU, along with unresolved safety concerns regarding thrombosis risks in susceptible populations. Crucially, we identify therapeutic gaps in segmental vitiligo and juvenile DM where clinical data are absent. This synthesis advocates for randomized controlled trials to validate JAKi efficacy against biologics in high-burden diseases currently dependent on glucocorticoids.

PMID 42724161
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PubMedCureus2026-09-11

Oral Manifestations of Juvenile Behçet Syndrome: A Case Report and Mini-Review of the Literature.

El Omari Safaa S, Barhoud Oumaima O, Elarabi Samira S, Bensouda Sana S

Behçet's disease is a chronic, relapsing, multisystem inflammatory vasculitis characterized by a broad spectrum of mucocutaneous and systemic manifestations. Oral ulcerations are often the earliest and most frequent clinical feature, playing a central role in diagnosis, particularly in pediatric patients, in whom the disease remains uncommon and its diagnosis is frequently delayed. We report the case of a boy aged 11 years and 6 months with juvenile Behçet syndrome who presented with recurrent oral aphthous ulcerations, including an 8-mm ulcer on the left lateral border of the tongue and a 5-mm ulcer on the external surface of the upper lip, along with poor oral hygiene and generalized gingival inflammation. The patient had a history of arthralgia and was receiving colchicine (1 mg/day). Oral management consisted of reinforcement of oral hygiene and dietary measures, full-mouth scaling, and topical treatment with corticosteroids and propolis-based therapy. At the 10-day follow-up, complete healing of the initial oral lesions and marked improvement in gingival inflammation were observed, although new aphthous ulcers developed at different intraoral sites, consistent with the relapsing nature of the disease. This case highlights the importance of early recognition of oral manifestations in Pediatric Behçet's Disease (PEDBD) and emphasizes the key role of pediatric dentists in facilitating diagnosis, multidisciplinary management, and long-term follow-up. Appropriate oral care may contribute to improved symptom control, enhanced quality of life, and the prevention of oral complications.

PMID 42724917
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