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pneumococcal vaccine (Prevenar 13 / 13vPnC / PCV 13)

✓ Approved

Takeda · 疫苗 · 疫苗

什么是 pneumococcal vaccine？

pneumococcal vaccine 是一种疫苗，由Takeda研发。该药已获批，用于治疗相关适应症，给药途径：Injectable (Others)、Intramuscular (IM) Injection、Subcutaneous Injection。

药物档案

商品名Prevenar 13, 13vPnC, PCV 13
公司Takeda
药物类别疫苗
给药途径Injectable (Others), Intramuscular (IM) Injection, Subcutaneous Injection
状态Approved
来源： ClinicalTrials.gov, Takeda

治疗适应症

pneumococcal vaccine 针对 3 个适应症，涉及 2 个治疗领域。

治疗领域疾病/病症分期
Infections and infestationsOtitis media✓ Approved
Infections and infestationsPneumococcal infection✓ Approved
Ear and labyrinth disordersMiddle ear inflammation✓ Approved

相关研究文献

PubMedJournal of medical economics2026-09-11

Cost-effectiveness analysis of pneumococcal vaccination of at-risk and high-risk adults aged 18-64 years in Switzerland using PCV21.

Simuzingili Muloongo M, Yi Zinan Z, Favre-Bulle Andrea A, Mutschler Thomas T et al.

Pneumococcal disease (PD) is more common and severe among adults with underlying medical conditions. Pneumococcal vaccination is recommended but not reimbursed in Switzerland for adults 18-64 years with these risk factors. We estimated the cost-effectiveness of reimbursed vaccination for high-risk (immunocompromised) and at-risk (chronic medical condition) adults 18-64 years in Switzerland using 21-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV21). We updated a published state-transition Markov model to estimate lifetime health and economic outcomes for multiple adult cohorts, following individuals until death or age 100 years, from the Swiss payer perspective. Swiss demographic and health economic data were used where available and supplemented with proxy epidemiologic estimates from comparable international sources when Swiss-specific data were unavailable. Vaccination of 60% of the target population with PCV21 was compared with no pneumococcal vaccination. One-way and probabilistic sensitivity analyses assessed parameter uncertainty and model robustness. Implementing PCV21 for at-risk and high-risk adults 18-64 years in Switzerland was predicted to avert 518 invasive pneumococcal disease cases, 12 post-meningitis sequelae cases, and 2,578 inpatient non-bacteremic pneumococcal pneumonia (NBPP) cases and 224 deaths. The CHF 21.4 M decrease in direct PD treatment costs partially offset the CHF 39.0 M vaccination costs, resulting in an incremental cost-effectiveness ratio (ICER) of 7,665 CHF/quality-adjusted life year (QALY) gained. The ICER was 1,750 CHF/QALY in a scenario analysis in which the proportions of adults with risk conditions increased with age. One-way sensitivity analysis found results were most sensitive to vaccine efficacy against NBPP in the at-risk group and discount rate. In probabilistic sensitivity analyses, the probability that PCV21 was cost-effective reached 100% at willingness-to-pay thresholds of approximately CHF 18,000 or higher. Vaccination of at-risk and high-risk adults 18-64 years of age in Switzerland using PCV21 is likely to be cost-effective.

PMID 42723339
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PubMedJournal of extracellular vesicles2026-09-11

Bioengineered Extracellular Vesicles Mitigate Neuroinflammation by Neutralizing Pneumolysin and Delaying Disease Onset in Experimental Pneumococcal Meningitis.

Farmen Kristine K, Mamand Doste R DR, Tofiño-Vian Miguel M, Yfanti Georgia G et al.

Bacterial meningitis is a life-threatening neurological disorder frequently caused by a Streptococcus pneumoniae (the pneumococcus) infection of the brain. Standard treatment consists of antibiotics to eliminate bacteria and dexamethasone to reduce inflammation. Despite this, mortality reaches 20% in treated individuals, and half of the survivors suffer long-term neurological sequelae. This is largely due to the poor capacity of antibiotics to reach the brain and the lack of antimicrobial treatment capable of neutralizing the pneumococcal toxin pneumolysin (Ply). To address these limitations, we isolated extracellular vesicles (EVs) derived from human HEK293T cells and evaluated their therapeutic potential in pneumococcal meningitis. Alongside wild-type EVs (WT.EVs), we bioengineered EVs to express RVG peptides (RVG.EV) for targeting neuronal acetylcholine receptors, signal incompetent IL-6 signal transducer (IL-6ST) decoy receptors (IL-6.EV) to block the pro-inflammatory signalling of IL-6, or EVs expressing both RVG peptides and IL-6ST (DB.EV). In vitro, all EVs reduced pneumococcal adhesion to neurons and mitigated cytotoxicity by binding and sequestering Ply. In a bacteremia-derived pneumococcal meningitis model, EV treatment significantly increased the survival of the mice without affecting bacterial load in the brain or the periphery. Among all groups, RVG.EV treatment was most effective in reducing pro-inflammatory cytokine release in the periphery and brain. These findings highlight the therapeutic potential of bioengineered EVs, particularly RVG peptides expressing EVs, as an adjunctive treatment for pneumococcal meningitis thanks to their (i) sequestration and neutralization of Ply, (ii) increased blood-brain barrier crossing, and (iii) dampening of inflammation.

PMID 42723490
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PubMedChemSusChem2026-09-11

Interface Engineering of CoS2/Co(OH)F Heterostructures for In Situ Co4+ Formation and Enhanced Oxygen Evolution Reaction.

Meng Yuying Y, Zhong Bao B, Zeng Dahai D, Zeng Cheng C et al.

The directional reconstruction into high-valent active species is critical for enhancing the oxygen evolution reaction (OER) kinetics and, consequently, the overall efficiency of water electrolysis for green hydrogen production. Here, we introduce the interfacial engineering of Co(OH)F nanosheets anchoring with CoS2 particles (CoS2/Co(OH)F) to promote the in situ formation of Co4+ species, achieving high OER performance. Remarkably, the optimized CoS2/Co(OH)F-2.5 catalyst demonstrates a low overpotential of 318 mV at 100 mA cm-2 with a small Tafel slope of 73.4 mV dec-1 in 1.0 M KOH, outperforming commercial RuO2 and most reported Co-based electrocatalysts. Combined experimental and theoretical analyses reveal that the heterointerface between lattice-distorted CoS2 and Co(OH)F, along with their optimal synergistic effect, promotes dynamic reconstruction into high-valent Co4+ active species. These species favor the lattice oxygen oxidation mechanism, thereby significantly enhancing OER kinetics. Moreover, the optimized catalyst achieves low cell voltages of 1.77 and 1.93 V at industrial current densities of 500 and 1000 mA cm-2 (80 °C) in an anion exchange membrane (AEM) water electrolyzer, with good stability exceeding 140 h. This work offers a viable strategy for developing noble-metal-free electrocatalysts for efficient water electrolysis.

PMID 42722980
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PubMedTherapeutic advances in vaccines and immunotherapy2026-09-11

Therapeutic melanoma vaccines: Platforms, neoantigen strategies, and emerging combination immunotherapies.

Mhanna Daniel D, Salman Bilal B, El Hakim Rawad R, Aridi Lea L et al.

Melanoma has emerged as a major focus of cancer immunotherapy research because of its highly immunogenic nature and responsiveness to immune-based treatments. Therapeutic melanoma vaccines are designed to stimulate tumor-specific immune responses through the delivery of Tumor-Associated Antigens (TAAs), Tumor-Specific Antigens (TSAs), and personalized neoantigens. This narrative review provides an overview of current melanoma vaccine strategies, including peptide-based vaccines, dendritic cell vaccines, nucleic acid-based platforms such as mRNA, DNA, and viral vector vaccines. Recent advances in vaccine engineering and tumor genomics have accelerated the development of personalized neoantigen vaccines capable of targeting mutations unique to individual tumors. In parallel, Artificial Intelligence (AI) and Machine Learning (ML) are increasingly being incorporated into neoantigen identification pipelines to improve epitope prediction and optimize vaccine design. Combination strategies involving Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors (ICIs), particularly anti-PD-1 and anti-CTLA-4 therapies, have further enhanced interest in melanoma vaccines by helping overcome tumor-induced immune suppression and augment T-cell activation. In addition to reviewing vaccine mechanisms and emerging technologies, this manuscript examines the evolving clinical trial landscape through analysis of melanoma vaccine studies registered on ClinicalTrials.gov. Although many studies have reported encouraging safety and immunogenicity findings, challenges related to tumor heterogeneity, immune evasion, biomarker selection, and manufacturing complexity continue to limit widespread clinical implementation. Ongoing advances in computational immunology, biomaterial engineering, and precision oncology are expected to further refine melanoma vaccine development and improve therapeutic efficacy. Collectively, these innovations may help establish melanoma vaccines as an increasingly important component of future personalized cancer immunotherapy strategies.

PMID 42724148
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PubMedNature biotechnology2026-09-11

Moderna flu vaccine wins FDA approval.

PMID 42722817
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PubMedFrontiers in public health2026-09-11

Breaking barriers in health surveillance: privacy-preserving techniques for tracking vaccine hesitancy and disease outbreaks in Pakistan.

Shahid Muhammad Imran MI, Wanqu Han H, Shah Faiza F, Ai Kunpeng K

Precise measurement of sensitive public health outcomes is often limited by underreporting, stigma, and social desirability bias. These challenges can affect estimates of COVID-19 infection and vaccine hesitancy, leading to incomplete evidence for surveillance and public health decision-making. This study examined the use of privacy-preserving stratified randomized response models (SRRMs) to improve the estimation of sensitive health information in a population-based setting. We conducted a cross-sectional quantitative survey in Punjab, Pakistan, during June-August 2021. A total of 1,200 participants were recruited using simple random sampling with replacement within a stratified design, with equal allocation to urban (n = 600) and rural (n = 600) populations. Privacy-preserving SRRM-I and SRRM-II procedures were applied to estimate underreported outbreak cases and vaccine hesitancy while reducing response bias related to confidentiality concerns. Estimates were compared with directly reported responses, and precision was assessed using the percentage relative efficiency (PRE). The empirical estimates reflect the June-August 2021 survey period in Punjab, Pakistan. Estimated outbreak prevalence was higher than directly reported prevalence in both urban and rural populations, indicating underreporting of infection. In urban areas, directly reported COVID-19 cases (10.5%) were lower than privacy-preserving estimates obtained using SRRM-I and SRRM-II (15.3% and 17.4%). In rural areas, directly reported cases (13.7%) were also lower than the corresponding estimates (16.7% and 19.5%). Vaccine hesitancy estimates were also higher under the privacy-preserving procedures (26.3% reported vs. 27.4% and 27.2%), although the difference was considerably smaller than for outbreak cases. All PRE values exceeded 100, indicating improved efficiency relative to the benchmark models. These findings suggest that conventional self-reporting underestimates sensitive public health outcomes, particularly where disclosure concerns are present. Privacy-preserving SRRM frameworks can improve the estimation of sensitive public health outcomes, including outbreak underreporting and vaccine hesitancy. The advantage of the two-stage design was most pronounced for the more sensitive outcome, indicating that the truthful-reporting parameter should be matched to the perceived sensitivity of the outcome under study. In settings where respondents are reluctant to disclose health-related information, such methods can strengthen surveillance data quality and support more reliable public health planning and policy decisions.

PMID 42723770
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