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pneumococcal vaccine (Prevenar 13 / 13vPnC / PCV 13)

✓ Approved

Takeda · 疫苗 · 疫苗

什么是 pneumococcal vaccine？

pneumococcal vaccine 是一种疫苗，由Takeda研发。该药已获批，用于治疗相关适应症，给药途径：Injectable (Others)、Intramuscular (IM) Injection、Subcutaneous Injection。

药物档案

商品名Prevenar 13, 13vPnC, PCV 13
公司Takeda
药物类别疫苗
给药途径Injectable (Others), Intramuscular (IM) Injection, Subcutaneous Injection
状态Approved
来源： ClinicalTrials.gov, Takeda

治疗适应症

pneumococcal vaccine 针对 3 个适应症，涉及 2 个治疗领域。

治疗领域疾病/病症分期
Infections and infestationsOtitis media✓ Approved
Infections and infestationsPneumococcal infection✓ Approved
Ear and labyrinth disordersMiddle ear inflammation✓ Approved

相关研究文献

PubMedMedicine2026-10-27

Cost-effectiveness of 13-valent pneumococcal vaccine for children under 5 years of age at high altitude in China: A modeling analysis.

Guo Zizhe Z, Zhou Hui H, Huang Chonggang C, Xiong Haiyan H et al.

Pneumococcal disease poses a significant health burden in China, especially in economically underdeveloped areas in western China, such as the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau. Globally, Pneumococcal Conjugate Vaccines (PCV) have greatly reduced the burden of pneumococcal disease, but PCV has not yet been included in the National Immunization Program (NIP) in China. Consequently, most of the population remains unvaccinated with PCV. This study aimed to evaluate the cost-effectiveness of introducing 13-valent Pneumococcal Conjugate Vaccine (PCV13) into the NIP and to provide a basis for decision-making for the government and health administrative departments of Qinghai Province. We used a decision-tree Markov model to estimate the cost-effectiveness of adding a 4-dose PCV13 schedule to the NIP compared to the current situation where it is available only in the private market (status quo). The analysis focused on the 2022 birth cohort in Qinghai Province and was conducted from a societal perspective. The results were presented in terms of cases and deaths prevented, quality-adjusted life years gained, and the incremental cost-effectiveness ratio. We conducted 1-way, scenario, and probabilistic sensitivity analyses to explore model uncertainty. Introducing PCV13 into the NIP was projected to prevent approximately 7493 pneumococcal cases (a 75.60% reduction) and 146 pneumococcal deaths (a 93.59% reduction) in the first 5 years of the 2022 Qinghai Province birth cohort. At the current price of US $68.00 per dose of PCV13, introducing PCV13 into the NIP was found to be cost-effective and showed cost savings. One-way and scenario sensitivity analyses indicated robust results, and probabilistic sensitivity analysis showed a 99% probability of cost-effectiveness. The introduction of PCV13 into the NIP is a cost-effective strategy for Qinghai Province. We recommend reducing the vaccine price through government bulk tenders and large-scale procurement to further improve cost-effectiveness and suggest introducing PCV13 into the immunization program of Qinghai in due course.

PMID 42937774
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PubMedHealth science reports2026-10-27

Determinants of Pneumococcal Vaccination Decision-Making Among High‑Risk Adults: A Qualitative Study Guided by the Theoretical Domains Framework.

Zhong Claire Chenwen CC, Chen Mingtao M, Yim Man Kin MK, Ng Sammi S et al.

Pneumococcal disease (PD) poses a substantial burden among older adults and individuals with chronic conditions, yet pneumococcal vaccination uptake remains suboptimal in Hong Kong. Understanding the psychological, social, and contextual determinants of pneumococcal vaccination decision‑making is essential for strengthening adult vaccination strategies. A qualitative study was conducted among 24 adults from pneumococcal vaccination target groups. Semi‑structured interviews explored perceptions, motivations, and barriers related to PD and pneumococcal vaccination. Data were analysed using thematic analysis informed by the Theoretical Domains Framework (TDF). The TDF synthesizes constructs from behaviour change theories into 14 domains, enabling systematic examination of psychological, social, and contextual determinants of health behaviours. Over half of participants (13/24) expressed willingness to receive pneumococcal vaccination, though decisions were shaped by complex multi‑level influences. Trust in healthcare professionals and confidence in government recommendations, reflecting Social influences, emerged as commonly reported facilitators of vaccination. Financial support, such as subsidies or free vaccination, served as an important Reinforcement mechanism. The predominant barriers were limited understanding of pneumococcal vaccination and the vaccination programme (Knowledge), strong reliance on personal judgement in vaccination decision-making (Social influences), and limited knowledge of PD (Knowledge). Participants also reported concerns about potential adverse effects (Beliefs about consequences), low perceived urgency (Intentions), and practical constraints, including limited accessibility of vaccination sites and appointment difficulties (Environmental context and resources), which were reported as additional barriers to vaccination. Pneumococcal vaccination decision-making among high‑risk adults was influenced by a combination of informational, psychological, social, and structural influences. Strengthening vaccine communication by healthcare professionals, improving awareness of and access to existing free or subsidised vaccination services, improving service accessibility, and delivering sustained public education may help address misconceptions, elevate perceived need, and improve pneumococcal vaccination coverage in Hong Kong.

PMID 42936154
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PubMedMicrobiology spectrum2026-10-27

Enhanced LAMP-based assay for rapid detection of non-vaccine Streptococcus pneumoniae capsular types in meningitis.

Kim Dong Wook DW, Kim Eun Jin EJ, Sakai Jun J, Oguchi Hiroko H et al.

Streptococcus pneumoniae remains a major pathogen responsible for invasive pneumococcal diseases (IPDs), such as meningitis and bacteremia, particularly affecting children under five and older adults. The introduction of pneumococcal conjugate vaccines (PCVs) has led to significant reductions in IPD incidence, yet the challenge of capsular-type replacement persists. Conventional serological typing methods, such as the Quellung reaction, are limited by their requirement for technical expertise and specialized resources, especially in low- and middle-income countries. To address these challenges, we previously developed loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP)-based capsular typing assays for PCV13 and PPSV23. This study aimed to develop improved LAMP assays targeting fifteen non-vaccine capsular types (6C, 7C, 13, 15A, 16F, 21, 23A, 23B, 24F, 31, 34, 35B, 35F, 38, 39), and to assess their suitability for detecting these capsular types in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and blood. Each assay was evaluated to determine analytical reactivity, analytical specificity, and analytical sensitivity, and its performance was compared with that of CDC conventional multiplex PCR. To assess their applicability in patients with suspected meningitis, analytical detection limits were determined using bacterial genomic DNA-spiked CSF and blood specimens. The analytical specificity of the LAMP assays was confirmed using 50 capsular types of pneumococcal strains. The assays detected as few as 100 copies of purified DNA as well as DNA spiked into CSF and blood, demonstrating greater analytical sensitivity than conventional PCR. This highly specific, sensitive, and robust LAMP assay provides substantial advantages for large-scale screening, particularly in resource-limited settings.IMPORTANCEThis is the first report of LAMP assays for these 15 capsular types of S. pneumoniae. LAMP assays demonstrated 10-1,000-fold improved analytical sensitivity over conventional PCR for several capsular types. Established LAMP assays targeting non-vaccine pneumococcal capsular types offer substantial value for public-health surveillance of IPDs. Monitoring these capsular types is particularly important for assessing the impact of newly introduced vaccines, such as PCV20 and PCV21. This approach enables efficient IPD surveillance even in resource-limited settings, supports timely optimization of vaccination strategies, and contributes to reducing the global IPD burden. This method may serve as a pivotal tool for tracking vaccine impacts in regions where non-vaccine-targeted capsular types represent an emerging threat.

PMID 42937299
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PubMedCureus2026-10-27

Recurrent Pneumococcal Meningitis Without Cerebrospinal Fluid Pleocytosis and With Fulminant Septic Shock: A Case Report.

Shiina Daisuke D, Zokumasu Koichi K

Bacterial meningitis is typically diagnosed via lumbar puncture. It usually occurs with cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) abnormalities. This report describes the case of a 68-year-old man with recurrent pneumococcal meningitis and absence of significant CSF pleocytosis. Despite a thorough search, no infectious focus was identified. The patient lacked typical meningeal signs, such as neck stiffness, and did not initially present with marked alteration of consciousness. Prompt antibiotic therapy was initiated; however, the patient died on the day of admission. On the day after his death, Gram-positive diplococci were detected in blood, urine, and CSF cultures and were subsequently identified as Streptococcus pneumoniae. The CSF examination showed no findings strongly suggestive of meningitis. Atypical presentations of meningitis may lead to delays in diagnosis and treatment. To the best of our knowledge, reports of such cases are rare.

PMID 42935591
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PubMedMicroorganisms2026-10-27

Virulence Mechanisms of Streptococcus pneumoniae During Co-Infection.

Briggs Nicholas S NS, Camaione Stefano S, Goodall Jack J, Bruce Kevin E KE et al.

Streptococcus pneumoniae (pneumococcus) represents a key clinical challenge, being a major global cause of morbidity and mortality. Typically existing as a nasopharyngeal commensal, pneumococcus undergoes significant metabolic changes during its switch to a virulent pathogen, when it can cause severe pneumoniae, bacteriemia and meningitis. This switch is poorly understood but is thought to be influenced by environmental signals arising from co-infections between pneumococcus and other bacteria as well as viruses in the nasopharynx. This review provides a comprehensive overview of the multi-stage progression of pneumococcal invasive disease, from initial colonisation to host barrier migration. We examine environmental triggers that drive the lifestyle switch from commensal to virulent, highlighting the role of other organisms in this stimulation. In particular, we focus on influenza A and respiratory syncytial virus, as well as other bacteria including Staphylococcus aureus, Moraxella catarrhalis and Haemophilus influenzae. Overall, we bring the current understanding of the field into the context of the growing antimicrobial resistance global threat, demonstrating that understanding these complex cross-species interactions is vital for developing clinical interventions against secondary pneumococcal infections.

PMID 42943593
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PubMedAnimals : an open access journal from MDPI2026-10-27

An mRNA-LNP Vaccine Encoding the Erns-E1-E2 Polyprotein Confers Complete Protection Against Bovine Viral Diarrhea Virus in Mice.

Yue Zongzhe Z, Li Yanmin Y, Yang Hongjun H, Bian Shiao S et al.

Bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV) remains a major barrier to sustainable livestock development. Conventional BVDV vaccines are limited by inherent drawbacks such as potential virulence reversion and insufficient protective efficacy, which severely hamper global BVDV eradication efforts. mRNA vaccine technology, characterized by high expression efficiency, a favorable safety profile, and scalable manufacturing, offers a promising platform for next-generation BVDV vaccine development. In this study, we developed an mRNA-LNP vaccine candidate (Erns/E1/E2 vaccine) encoding the full-length structural glycoproteins Erns, E1 and E2, and systematically evaluated its immunogenicity and protective efficacy in BALB/c mice. The E2 extracellular domain-human IgG1 Fc fusion mRNA vaccine (E2/IgG1 vaccine) and a commercial inactivated BVDV vaccine served as controls. Our results demonstrated that the Erns/E1/E2 vaccine elicited significantly higher neutralizing antibody titers (log10NT50 = 2.50 ± 0.082) and lymphocyte proliferation responses (stimulation index = 6.927 ± 0.145) than both control vaccines at 28 days post-primary vaccination (two weeks post-booster). Notably, no viral RNA was detected in any tissue or blood samples from Erns/E1/E2-immunized mice at any time point following BVDV challenge, indicating complete immune protection against viral infection, whereas viral loads were consistently detected in multiple tissues of both control groups. These findings establish the Erns/E1/E2 vaccine as a highly promising BVDV vaccine candidate and provide critical experimental support for advancing mRNA-based BVDV vaccine development.

PMID 42939244
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