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formoterol (Forair / Atimos / CHF 1531)

✓ Approved

Novartis AG · ADRB2 · 小分子

什么是 formoterol？

formoterol 是一种小分子，由Novartis AG研发。该药已获批，用于治疗相关适应症，给药途径：Inhaled、Topical。

药物档案

商品名Forair, Atimos, CHF 1531
公司Novartis AG
药物类别小分子
分子靶点ADRB2
给药途径Inhaled, Topical
状态Approved
来源： ClinicalTrials.gov, Novartis AG

作用机制

分子靶点

formoterol 作用于 1 个分子靶点：

ADRB2adrenoceptor beta 2 (B2AR, ARB2)
需要更深入的分析？Noah AI 可解释复杂机制并与同类药物比较。

治疗适应症

formoterol 针对 2 个适应症，涉及 1 个治疗领域。

治疗领域疾病/病症分期
Respiratory, thoracic and mediastinal disordersAsthma✓ Approved
Respiratory, thoracic and mediastinal disordersChronic obstructive pulmonary disease✓ Approved

相关研究文献

PubMedHeart rhythm O22026-10-27

Combined impact of paced QRS duration and right ventricular pacing burden on heart failure admission: Identifying clinical progression to stage C/D in pacemaker recipients.

Ueyama Takeshi T, Sugita Shoya S, Yoshida Masaaki M, Uchida Tomoyuki T et al.

Right ventricular (RV) pacing-induced dyssynchrony can lead to progressive left ventricular (LV) dysfunction. Although a decline in LV ejection fraction (LVEF) after pacemaker implantation is common, the transition to symptomatic heart failure (HF) requiring hospitalization (HF admission [HFA]) represents a more clinically meaningful progression to stages C/D. To determine whether paced QRS (pQRS) duration and RV pacing (RVp) burden independently or jointly predict HFA in pacemaker recipients followed with remote monitoring. We retrospectively analyzed 200 pacemaker recipients actively followed with remote monitoring. pQRS at implantation and RVp during follow-up were evaluated as markers of baseline electrical dyssynchrony and cumulative pacing exposure. The primary endpoint was HFA, whereas the secondary endpoint was all-cause mortality. During a median follow-up of 4.5 years, 27 patients (13.5%) developed HFA. Patients with HFA had longer pQRS (171 ± 18 vs 156 ± 20 ms, P < .001) and higher RVp (median 99% vs 38%, P = .002). In a multivariable Cox model, both pQRS of ≥168 ms (hazard ratio, 2.98, P = .011) and RVp of ≥20% (hazard ratio, 7.16, P = .009) and age independently predicted HFA. Neither pQRS nor RVp predicted all-cause mortality, which was associated only with age. pQRS and RVp jointly identify patients at high risk of progression from clinical to symptomatic HF (stages C/D). Although mortality in this population is primarily age-driven, HFA reflects a modifiable consequence of pacing-related dyssynchrony. Combined assessment of pQRS and RVp may facilitate early identification of high-risk patients who could benefit from closer monitoring or alternative pacing strategies.

PMID 42936091
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PubMedDiagnostics (Basel, Switzerland)2026-10-27

Prospective External Validation of the HFA-ICOS Baseline Cardiovascular Risk Classification in Women with Breast Cancer Receiving Anthracycline-Containing Therapy in a Central Asian Cohort.

Amanova Aiganym A, Zholdin Bekbolat B, Balmagambetova Saule S, Talipova Iliada I et al.

Background/Objectives: The HFA-ICOS baseline cardiovascular risk classification was developed to standardize pretreatment risk stratification before potentially cardiotoxic cancer therapy, but its external performance across diverse populations remains incompletely characterized. We prospectively evaluated its performance in women with breast cancer receiving anthracycline-containing therapy in Central Asia. Methods: This prospective single-center external validation study used data from the PREDICATE cohort (ISRCTN12628444). Participants were classified at baseline as being at low, moderate, high, or very high cardiovascular risk according to the HFA-ICOS classification before treatment and outcome ascertainment; the high- and very-high-risk categories were pooled for analysis because of small numbers. Participants underwent serial cardiovascular surveillance, including echocardiographic assessment of left ventricular ejection fraction and global longitudinal strain, together with serial cardiac biomarker measurements. The primary outcome was cancer therapy-related cardiac dysfunction (CTRCD), defined according to the 2022 ESC cardio-oncology criteria. Results: The analysis included 108 participants. CTRCD occurred in 43 of 108 participants (39.8%). The observed proportion of participants who developed CTRCD increased from 30.0% in the low-risk group to 47.5% in the moderate-risk group and 75.0% in the high/very-high-risk group (p = 0.026). Kaplan-Meier analysis demonstrated significant separation of CTRCD-free survival across HFA-ICOS risk categories (log-rank χ2 = 10.12; p = 0.006). Compared with the low-risk group, the hazard of CTRCD was higher in the moderate-risk group (hazard ratio [HR], 2.16; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.13-4.13) and high/very-high-risk group (HR, 3.59; 95% CI, 1.42-9.11). Discrimination was modest (area under the curve, 0.630; 95% CI, 0.530-0.724). Conclusions: The HFA-ICOS classification demonstrated a clear ordinal gradient in CTRCD risk and significant time-to-event separation but showed limited discrimination at the individual-patient level. It may guide initial risk stratification but should be complemented by longitudinal cardiovascular surveillance rather than used as a stand-alone predictor.

PMID 42938220
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PubMedNutrients2026-10-27

Association of Dysphagia and Oral Involvement with Growth and Nutritional Status in Pediatric Lipoid Proteinosis: A Prospective Cross-Sectional Study.

Teker-Duztas Demet D, An İsa İ

Lipoid proteinosis (LP) is a rare autosomal recessive genodermatosis characterized by oral and lingual involvement, frequently accompanied by dysphagia and recurrent oral ulcers. The relationships between these clinical manifestations and nutritional status or growth have not been clearly established. This study evaluated nutritional, growth, and micronutrient statuses in pediatric patients with LP and investigated their associations with dysphagia, oral ulcer frequency, and a composite oral involvement score. This prospective, cross-sectional, single-center study enrolled 30 pediatric patients with LP. Anthropometric measurements, laboratory results, and clinical data regarding oral involvement and dysphagia were collected. A study-specific composite oral involvement score (range: 0-4) was calculated based on restricted mouth opening, restricted tongue movement, presence of a thick or woody tongue, and active oral ulcers. Mean age was 8.44 ± 4.97 years; 66.7% were male, and all had parental consanguinity. Mean HFA and WFH/BMI z-scores were -1.44 ± 1.07 and -0.55 ± 1.28; stunting and wasting occurred in 26.7% and 6.7%. Active oral ulcers and dysphagia were present in 70.0% and 60.0%. Iron-deficiency anemia (33.3%) and vitamin D deficiency (16.7%) were the most common deficiencies. Patients with dysphagia had lower HFA z-scores (p < 0.001; Cohen's d = 1.91), which remained significant after Holm correction. The association between dysphagia and stunting did not remain significant after correction, and no other associations were found with dysphagia, oral ulcer frequency, or the composite oral involvement score. Dysphagia was associated with lower HFA z-scores in pediatric LP, whereas oral ulcer frequency and composite oral involvement were not. These exploratory findings suggest that swallowing function should be assessed during follow-up; larger multicenter prospective studies with standardized swallowing assessments are needed.

PMID 42943010
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PubMedCureus2026-10-27

Particle Morphometrics of Glycopyrronium-Formoterol-Budesonide Inhalation Blends Influence Pulmonary Deposition and Bronchodilator Response in Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD): A Gamma Scintigraphy Study.

Jain Gaurav K GK, Mishra Abha A, Chandra Nilesh N, Madan Manu M

The therapeutic efficacy of inhaled triple-combination therapy in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) depends on efficient delivery to peripheral airways. This study evaluated the influence of particle morphometrics on pulmonary deposition and bronchodilator response to glycopyrronium-formoterol-budesonide (GFB) inhalation formulations. Three commercial GFB formulations (X, Y, and Z) delivered via metered-dose inhaler (MDI) and dry powder inhaler (DPI) were characterized using dynamic light scattering and scanning electron microscopy. In a randomized, open-label pilot study, twenty-four patients with mild-to-moderate COPD inhaled technetium-99m (99mTc) radiolabeled formulations. Regional lung deposition was assessed by planar gamma scintigraphy, and central-to-peripheral (C/P) ratios were calculated. Forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1) was measured at baseline and 30 minutes post-inhalation. Significant inter-brand differences in particle morphometrics were observed. Brand X demonstrated a narrow particle distribution (1.3±0.26 µm) with uniform spherical morphology, while brands Y and Z showed relatively broader, polydisperse distributions with irregular particles. MDIs (MIX, MIY, MIZ) consistently outperformed DPIs (DIX, DIY, DIZ), producing greater total lung deposition (23.4% vs 13.7%; P < 0.001) and improved peripheral deposition. Among MDIs, MIX achieved higher intrathoracic deposition (28.8 ± 2.2% vs 19.0-22.5%; P < 0.001) and peripheral deposition (15.8 ± 3.0% vs 9.8-11.5%; P = 0.012), with a lower C/P ratio (0.82 vs 0.96-1.0). Greater spirometric improvement correlated with enhanced deposition, with the MIX producing the highest FEV1 increase (12.8%; P < 0.05). The findings suggest that particle size distribution, polydispersity, and surface morphology may influence pulmonary deposition and acute spirometric response in COPD. A relatively narrow respirable particle distribution may support more consistent peripheral airway deposition and short-term spirometric response.

PMID 42936311
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PubMedCancers2026-10-27

Beyond Risk Scores: Current and Emerging Strategies for Cardiotoxicity Risk Prediction in Cardio-Oncology.

Volpi Benedetta B, Cardinale Daniela D

Background: Cardiotoxicity remains a major limitation of contemporary cancer therapies, affecting morbidity and long-term outcomes among cancer survivors. Early identification of patients at increased cardiovascular risk is essential to guide surveillance and preventive strategies. Methods and Results: We performed a narrative review of currently available risk assessment and prediction approaches for cancer therapy-related cardiotoxicity, including consensus-based frameworks, statistically derived prediction models, and emerging machine learning-based approaches. Widely used tools, such as the HFA-ICOS (Heart Failure Association-International Cardio-Oncology Society) risk assessment framework, provide a practical and standardized approach to baseline risk stratification and are increasingly implemented in clinical practice. However, their discriminative performance appears variable across studies, and their applicability across diverse oncologic populations may be limited. Key challenges include heterogeneity in cardiotoxicity definitions, limited external validation, and incomplete integration of dynamic parameters. Overall, models based primarily on clinical variables demonstrate only moderate predictive accuracy, particularly in patients receiving anthracyclines. Conclusions: Current risk stratification strategies provide a useful foundation for clinical decision-making but remain limited in their ability to fully capture individual risk. Future approaches should integrate clinical variables with circulating biomarkers, advanced imaging, and AI to enable more dynamic and individualized risk prediction in cardio-oncology.

PMID 42938798
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PubMedInorganic chemistry2026-10-26

Crystal Morphology of Luminescent Microcrystals Based on Eu(III) Coordination Polymers Changed by Surfactant Solutions.

Enokido Masaki M, Wang Mengfei M, Kitagawa Yuichi Y, Hasegawa Yasuchika Y

The morphological control of Eu(III) coordination polymers with intermolecular interactions between polymer chains was demonstrated with surfactants as molecular modulators. [Eu(hfa)3(m-dpb)]n coordination polymers (hfa; hexafluoroacetylacetonate, m-dpb; 1,3-bis(diphenylphosphoryl)benzene) showed crystal growth in CTAB/SDS solution (CTAB, cetyltrimethylammonium bromide; SDS, sodium dodecyl sulfate). The crystal morphology of [Eu(hfa)3(m-dpb)]n was changed under the synthetic conditions with various types of cationic surfactants (N+(CH3)3CnH2n+1; n = 8, 12, and 16). The Eu(III) coordination polymer crystals were observed as plates and slender rod shapes. Their crystal morphologies suggest that the crystal growth along the chain growth direction is faster than that along the chain stacking direction.

PMID 42929628
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