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formoterol (Forair / Atimos / CHF 1531)

✓ Approved

Novartis AG · ADRB2 · 小分子

什么是 formoterol？

formoterol 是一种小分子，由Novartis AG研发。该药已获批，用于治疗相关适应症，给药途径：Inhaled、Topical。

药物档案

商品名Forair, Atimos, CHF 1531
公司Novartis AG
药物类别小分子
分子靶点ADRB2
给药途径Inhaled, Topical
状态Approved
来源： ClinicalTrials.gov, Novartis AG

作用机制

分子靶点

formoterol 作用于 1 个分子靶点：

ADRB2adrenoceptor beta 2 (B2AR, ARB2)
需要更深入的分析？Noah AI 可解释复杂机制并与同类药物比较。

治疗适应症

formoterol 针对 2 个适应症，涉及 1 个治疗领域。

治疗领域疾病/病症分期
Respiratory, thoracic and mediastinal disordersAsthma✓ Approved
Respiratory, thoracic and mediastinal disordersChronic obstructive pulmonary disease✓ Approved

相关研究文献

PubMedEuropean heart journal2026-09-10

Exercise stress echocardiography for diagnosis of heart failure with preserved ejection fraction: a multicentre study.

Harada Tomonari T, Reddy Yogesh N V YNV, Sorimachi Hidemi H, Naser Jwan A JA et al.

Exercise stress echocardiography is recommended as an alternative to invasive testing for diagnosing heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF), but an evidence-based operational framework guiding its application is lacking. Patients with chronic unexplained dyspnoea underwent invasive haemodynamic exercise testing with simultaneous echocardiography to test the hypotheses that (i) the current diagnostic algorithms (H2FPEF, HFA-PEFF, and HFpEF-ABA scores) could be enhanced when combined with exercise echocardiography; and (ii) incorporating resting left atrial (LA) compliance (LA reservoir strain divided by E/e') could further improve diagnostic triage, using separate cut points optimizing sensitivity and specificity. Findings were then validated in an international multicentre cohort. Of 482 patients, HFpEF was present in 386 and non-cardiac dyspnoea in 96. Sensitivity to detect HFpEF was only 55%-60% and accuracy 61%-67% using individual diagnostic scores with currently recommended exercise echocardiography. Addition of abnormal resting LA compliance to exercise echocardiography increased sensitivity to 84%-85% but increased the false-positive rate to 31%-43%. Applying separate cut points that optimize specificity and sensitivity (either exercise E/e' ≥ 13.8 or resting LA compliance ≤1.6% to rule-in HFpEF; both exercise E/e' < 7.2 and resting LA compliance >4.4% to rule-out HFpEF, remaining patients indeterminate who require invasive testing) improved sensitivity to 95%-99% among definitively classified patients and reduced the number of patients that require invasive exercise testing from ∼60% to ∼30%. Findings were replicated in a multicentre, international validation cohort of patients undergoing rest-exercise echocardiography and invasive exercise testing. Currently used non-invasive approaches to HFpEF diagnosis have inadequate sensitivity, indicating that exercise echocardiography cannot supplant invasive testing. Addition of LA strain imaging with optimized rule-in or rule-out values improves diagnostic triage by expanding non-invasive rule-in/rule-out classifications while identifying patients who still require invasive testing in the evaluation of HFpEF.

PMID 42720269
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PubMedERJ open research2026-09-08

A study protocol for a randomised controlled trial of two stepwise pharmacological treatment approaches to adult asthma: inhaled corticosteroid/formoterol reliever- versus short-acting β2-agonist reliever-based therapy - Asthma on TRACK.

Sayers Ross R, Cullen Ryan R, Oldfield Karen K, Barrett Jonathan J et al.

No randomised controlled trials (RCTs) have compared inhaled corticosteroid (ICS)/formoterol reliever-based stepwise algorithms with short-acting β-agonist (SABA) reliever-based stepwise algorithms, titrated to levels of asthma control and exacerbations. Knowledge gaps remain in understanding ICS exposure over time, transitions between treatment steps, efficacy and participant satisfaction with different algorithm approaches. The aim of the study is to determine the exposure to ICS in adults and adolescents aged 16 to 75 years treated with a budesonide/formoterol reliever-based algorithm (Algorithm 1) compared to a salbutamol reliever-based algorithm (Algorithm 2) across the spectrum of asthma severity. This is an investigator-initiated, 52-week, single-site, open-label, parallel-groups, 2-arm RCT of 152 adults and adolescents with mild, moderate and moderate-severe asthma (ACTRN12624001488594). Participants will be randomly allocated in a 1:1 ratio to a budesonide/formoterol reliever-based or a salbutamol reliever-based algorithm. Global Initiative for Asthma (GINA) treatment step at enrolment according to the 2024 GINA Guidelines will be used to allocate participants to the corresponding steps of each algorithm. Treatment step transition will be in response to asthma exacerbations and level of asthma control. Those experiencing exacerbations or poorly controlled asthma will be stepped up, and those well controlled stepped down. The primary outcome is ICS exposure. Important secondary outcomes include composite systemic corticosteroid exposure, rates of asthma exacerbations, asthma control, T-helper 2 biomarkers, spirometry and participants' treatment perceptions and satisfaction. This is the first RCT to compare ICS/formoterol- and SABA-based reliever stepwise algorithmic approaches in asthma, with treatment adjusted according to asthma control and exacerbations.

PMID 42707905
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PubMedJournal of glaucoma2026-09-08

Contrast-to-noise Ratios to Evaluate the Added Value of the Ganglion Cell Complex Thickness for the Detection of Progression in Glaucoma.

Majoor Juleke E A JEA, Vermeer Koenraad A KA, Gardiner Stuart K SK, Yang Hongli H et al.

This study shows that GCC thickness is most sensitive for detecting progression at the onset of glaucoma, but less sensitive than cpRNFL thickness. These findings suggest no clear additional value of GCC thickness over cpRNFL overall, although further evaluation in larger cohorts with advanced glaucoma is warranted. To compare the sensitivity of ganglion cell complex (GCC) thickness in the macula to circumpapillary retinal nerve fiber layer (cpRNFL) thickness from OCT, and Mean Deviation (MD) and Visual Field Index (VFI) from Standard Automated Perimetry (SAP), for detecting glaucomatous progression across glaucoma stages. Using longitudinal data from 205 eyes (125 participants), contrast-to-noise ratios (CNRs) were calculated for GCC, cpRNFL, MD and VFI. Glaucoma stage was defined by MD. Contrast was the parameter difference between two stages; noise was the variability from linear regression residuals from five consecutive OCT scans and HFA 24-2 tests per eye. Higher CNR indicates greater sensitive for detecting progression between stages. CNRs ranged from 3.7 to 13.2. In the transition from suspect to mild glaucoma, cpRNFL (13.2) and GCC (8.7) had significantly higher CNRs than MD (4.5) and VFI CNR (4.8); cpRNFL was also significantly higher than GCC. No significant CNR differences were found between structural and functional measures in later stages. GCC thickness is more sensitive than functional measures, but less than cpRNFL thickness, for detecting progression at glaucoma onset. In later stages, structural and functional parameters showed comparable sensitivity within the limits of the available data.

PMID 42708835
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PubMedThe Journal of asthma : official journal of the Association for the Care of Asthma2026-09-07

Inhaled corticosteroids with short-acting β2-agonists as rescue therapy for asthma: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.

Butt Abaan A, Qureshi Sarah S, Tanveer Nida N, Hussain Nabah N et al.

The Global Initiative for Asthma (GINA) recommends inhaled corticosteroid (ICS)-containing regimens for all patients, advising against short-acting β2-agonist (SABA) monotherapy. While ICS-formoterol is the preferred reliever, the role of ICS-SABA remains less clearly defined. We searched CENTRAL, MEDLINE, Embase, ClinicalTrials.gov, and WHO ICTRP from inception to November 2025 without language restrictions. Eligible studies were randomized controlled trials (RCTs) comparing as-needed ICS-SABA with SABA-only reliever therapy in patients with asthma. Random-effects models were used to pool relative risks (RR), hazard ratios (HR), mean differences (MD), and standardized mean differences (SMD). Five RCTs were included in the meta-analysis. ICS-SABA significantly reduced exacerbation rates (RR = 0.69, 95% CI: 0.52-0.91), risk of at least one exacerbation (RR = 0.69, 95% CI: 0.51-0.93), and prolonged time to first exacerbation (HR = 0.74, 95% CI: 0.62-0.89). Only the rate interaction favored milder asthma (GINA steps 1-2; one trial); the time-to-first and risk interactions were nonsignificant. Symptom-control and quality-of-life estimates favored ICS-SABA but were nonsignificant; systemic corticosteroid exposure was markedly reduced (MD = -38.51 mg, 95% CI: -65.97 to -11.04). No increase in adverse or serious adverse events was observed. ICS-SABA reliever therapy provides consistent reductions in asthma exacerbations and systemic corticosteroid use without compromising safety, supporting its role as a pragmatic alternative to ICS-formoterol rescue therapy. Future research should include head-to-head comparisons with ICS-formoterol, pediatric-focused trials, and long-term real-world studies to optimize asthma care.

PMID 42704292
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PubMedAmerican heart journal2026-09-06

Incidence, medical therapy, and outcomes in heart failure with improved ejection fraction across guideline definitions.

Agharahmanian Arash A, Min Kyung H KH, Go Alan S AS, Parikh Rishi V RV et al.

To assess the incidence of heart failure with improved ejection fraction (HFimpEF) across guideline definitions (ACC/AHA, ESC, HFA/HFSA/JHFS) and to evaluate differences in guideline directed medical therapy (GDMT) utilization and rates of heart failure hospitalization (HF) or death among patients meeting each criterion. We identified patients with incident heart failure with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF) between January 2013 and December 2024 within the Kaiser Permanente Northern California (KPNC) healthcare system. HFimpEF was defined with a follow-up LVEF that satisfied at least one of three definitions: ACC/AHA (EF > 40%), HFA/HFSA/JHFS (EF > 40% with ≥10-point increase), and ESC (EF ≥ 50%). We assessed (1) HFimpEF incidence, (2) the one-year post-diagnosis mutually exclusive incidences of HF hospitalization or death, and (3) GDMT use across each definition. Of 37,443 patients with newly diagnosed HFrEF, 15,030 (40.1%) were classified as HFimpEF based on the ACC/AHA definition, 13,253 (35.4%) based on the HFA/HFSA/JHFS definition, and 10,304 (27.5%) based on the ESC definition. Mutually exclusive cumulative incidences of HF hospitalization or death at 10 years after HFimpEF were higher among patients whose EF improvement met the ACC/AHA definition but did not meet the other two (Figure 2, log-rank p<0.001). Based on definition used, the prevalence of HFimpEF ranges widely from 28-40%. Irrespective of definition, patients with HFimpEF remain at residual risk for clinical deterioration and share a similar prognosis despite improvement in EF. These data highlight the persistence of heart failure rather than true recovery; trials to optimize available and new HF treatments are warranted.

PMID 42702264
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PubMedPharmaceutical medicine2026-09-06

Managing Inhaler Environmental Sustainability and Effective Respiratory Care: Current Evidence, Challenges, and Opportunities.

Booth Amy A, Abbott Jasmin J, Workman Samantha S, Plumart Fionnuala F et al.

Growing global concern about climate change, alongside the widespread use of inhaler therapies, has intensified interest in the environmental sustainability of inhalers. The respiratory care community is increasingly focused on how to balance effective disease management with the need to avoid exacerbating environmental determinants of respiratory illness. Since Pharmaceutical Medicine last examined this topic in its article Sustainability in Inhaled Drug Delivery, the field has evolved rapidly, with notable developments. This Leading Article reviews the current evidence on the carbon footprints of inhalers and discusses strategies-along with their implications for patient care-aimed at reducing the environmental impact of inhaler therapies. We focus on strategies at the (a) health system level, including optimisation of respiratory care and inhaler choice, adherence, and technique, and (b) pharmaceutical industry level, including innovation and action related to next-generation lower-carbon propellants such as HFA-152a and inhaler circularity. While sustainability strategies exist, we acknowledge that progress is slow, and highlight key implementation, financial, and regulatory challenges that constrain their uptake. The article concludes by outlining recommendations to help support sustainable and effective respiratory care.

PMID 42701996
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