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hyaluronic acid (Hyalart / HA, Fidia / Hyalgan)

✓ Approved

Shire · CD44

什么是 hyaluronic acid？

hyaluronic acid 是一种治疗药物，由Shire研发。该药已获批，用于治疗相关适应症，给药途径：Injectable (Others)、Intraarticular Injection、Oral (PO)。

药物档案

商品名Hyalart, HA, Fidia, Hyalgan
公司Shire
分子靶点CD44
给药途径Injectable (Others), Intraarticular Injection, Oral (PO)
状态Approved
来源： ClinicalTrials.gov, Shire

作用机制

分子靶点

hyaluronic acid 作用于 1 个分子靶点：

CD44CD44 molecule (IN blood group) (MIC4, ECMR-III)
需要更深入的分析？Noah AI 可解释复杂机制并与同类药物比较。

治疗适应症

hyaluronic acid 针对 1 个适应症，涉及 1 个治疗领域。

治疗领域疾病/病症分期
Musculoskeletal and connective tissue disordersOsteoarthritis✓ Approved

相关研究文献

PubMedDermatology and therapy2026-09-11

Comparing the Cutaneous Impacts of a Topical Restructuring Serum versus. Injected Hyaluronic Acid (HA) and Their Combination as Potential Anti-Aging Strategies in Chinese Women: An In Vivo Study.

Li Jing J, Liu Xingzuo X, Zhang Liang L, Wang Yun Y et al.

To investigate the respective anti-aging efficacies of a restructuring serum alone, its combination with a hyaluronic acid (HA) single injection, and a single HA injection alone in vivo over a short period. Three cohorts of Chinese women of comparable sizes (n = 31-32), aged 25-40 years, were included in this 28-day, nonrandomized, evaluator-blinded comparative study. The three regimens consisted of: (1) twice-daily application of a marketed skin restructuring serum alone, (2) application of the same serum after a HA injection, and (3) a single HA injection only. Participants were instructed to apply approximately 0.5 g on full face twice daily. At successive timings (T0-T28 days), clinical evaluations allowed for the grading of some facial signs, skin quality, and skin tone. Image analysis from standardized photos and dedicated analyzing cameras were performed. A self-reported questionnaire was filled to record the tolerance of the three regimens. All three regimens improved the severity of facial signs, skin quality, and skin tone. However, their efficacy was of different extents. In many cases, although the serum provided significant improvements, its combination with HA injection led to slightly greater improvement and in almost all cases, the HA injection alone exhibited a lower efficacy, i.e., 2-3 times smaller in some criteria. Adverse reactions (pain, stinging, tightness etc.) to the HA injection were only recorded 1 h postinjection and were statistically of modest amplitudes. Although limited to a short period and to women presenting modest marks of facial aging (early aging), the study demonstrated that all three regimens showed improvements in several evaluated facial ageing parameters. The combination of the restructuring serum with an HA injection provided an additional benefit compared with HA or serum alone.

PMID 42722938
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PubMedAdvanced healthcare materials2026-09-11

Pairing GOx With a Potent H2O2-consuming Co-CuxO Nanozyme for Starvation/Cuproptosis/Chemodynamic Synergistic Therapy.

Wang Junzhen J, Wang Hao H, Zhang Qian Q, Ao Guofeng G et al.

Combining glucose oxidase (GOx) with peroxidase-like (POD) nanozymes is a well-established strategy for synergistic starvation and chemodynamic therapy (CDT). However, the low catalytic efficacy of most nanozymes compared to GOx often leads to wasteful accumulation of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), which can inhibit GOx activity and limit the therapeutic effect. Therefore, enhancing the H2O2 consumption efficiency is critical to unlocking the full potential of this approach. Here, we designed a cobalt-doped mixed-valence copper oxide (Co-CuxO) nanozyme with metals uniformly dispersed using a polyacrylic acid (PAA) scaffolding method. This nanozyme tightly couples the redox cycles that drive the valence state interconversions of cobalt (Co) and copper (Cu) elements, enabling highly efficient consumption of H2O2 and glutathione (GSH). While Co provides multi-valent characteristics ideal for Fenton-like reactions, Cu acts not only as a co-catalyst but also triggers cuproptosis. We further installed GOx onto the nanozyme surface, allowing H2O2 produced by GOx channels to Co-CuxO active sites, thereby further accelerating the catalytic cascade. In vitro experiments demonstrated effective glucose and H2O2 depletion with abundant hydroxyl radical (·OH) generation. When functionalized with hyaluronic acid (HA) for tumor targeting, in vivo experiments demonstrated robust multimodal cell death, confirming the high efficacy of our integrated dual-enzyme platform.

PMID 42723138
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PubMedBiomaterials science2026-09-11

Targeted immunomodulation with CD44-targeting nanovaccine enhances antitumor immunity in melanoma through TLR7/8 and TLR3 agonists.

Pillarisetti Shameer S, Sathiyamoorthy Padmanaban P, Jung Tae-Young TY, Uthaman Saji S et al.

Cancer is a leading cause of death. Melanoma, a highly metastatic and aggressive skin cancer, has seen rising mortality rates despite advancements in chemotherapy. Recently, immunotherapy has emerged as a promising approach to address the limitations of conventional treatments. This study developed a tumor microenvironment-sensitive nanoparticle (HA-NPs) for a nanovaccine. The nanoparticle is composed of CD44-targeting hyaluronic acid, pH-responsive ammonium bicarbonate, resiquimod (a TLR-7/8 agonist), Poly I:C (a TLR-3 agonist), and the tumor-specific antigen ovalbumin (OVA), ensuring a targeted and effective approach to treatment. The combination of dual adjuvants (R848 and Poly I:C) enhances the immune response, while ammonium bicarbonate ensures pH sensitivity, improving targeted delivery and effectiveness in the tumor microenvironment. The antitumor efficacy of the nanovaccine was evaluated in a highly immunogenic, OVA-expressing B16F10 murine tumor model. The intratumoral administration of HA-NPs harnessed the adjuvant potency of R848 and Poly IC, thus enhancing antitumor immunity. Additionally, immune cell profiling revealed elevated levels of mature dendritic cells in vitro, as well as CD8+ T cells, and reduced levels of tumor-associated immunosuppressive cells (TAICs), such as regulatory T (Treg) cells, within the tumors. Overall, this study demonstrated the potential of HA-NPs to elicit antitumor solid immunity through the targeted immunomodulation of antigen-presenting cells and the reduction of tumor-associated immune cells (TAICs), offering a promising avenue for melanoma treatment.

PMID 42723591
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PubMedPhysiological reports2026-09-11

Fatty acid species differentially regulate macrophage polarization and oxidative stress with secondary effects on macrophage-HSC crosstalk.

Nakanishi Koichi K, Shinkawa Hiroji H, Takemura Shigekazu S, Nakagawa Kanako K et al.

Metabolic dysfunction-associated steatohepatitis (MASH) is characterized by lipid accumulation, inflammation, and fibrosis. Macrophage-hepatic stellate cell (HSC) communication plays a key role in fibrogenesis; however, how fatty acid species influence macrophage polarization remains unclear. Bone marrow-derived macrophages (BMDMs) were polarized toward M1 or M2 phenotypes in the presence of palmitic acid (PA), oleic acid (OA), or palmitoleic acid (PO). Polarization markers, reactive oxygen species (ROS), and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARγ) expression were analyzed by RT-qPCR, Western blotting, and chemiluminescence. Primary HSCs were exposed to fatty acids or conditioned media from treated macrophages. PA enhanced selected inflammatory macrophage responses and increased ROS production under M1-polarizing conditions. OA enhanced ROS production in M1 macrophages and suppressed several M2-associated markers, whereas PO reduced inflammatory responses and ROS under M1-polarizing conditions. Direct fatty acid exposure did not significantly alter HSC activation markers. Conditioned media from polarized macrophages, particularly M1 macrophages, reduced α-SMA and cytoglobin protein expression in HSCs, while fatty acid-specific effects were modest and marker-dependent. Fatty acid species differentially modulate macrophage polarization and redox activity, partly in association with PPARγ signaling. These macrophage changes may secondarily affect macrophage-HSC communication and stellate cell redox-related responses, providing insight into lipid regulation of immune-stromal interactions in the liver.

PMID 42723224
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PubMedFrontiers in plant science2026-09-11

Comparison of heavy metal contents, fatty acid composition, and palinological characteristics of two different Hypericum species growing in mining-impacted area.

Ahıskalı Mihriban M

This study comparatively evaluated heavy metal (Al, Cd, Cr, Fe, and Mn) concentrations, fatty acid composition, and palynological characteristics in Hypericum scabrum and Hypericum lydium samples collected from mining-impacted and reference sites of an iron ore operation. Plant samples of H. scabrum and H. lydium were collected from mining-impacted and reference sites in Bingöl Province, Türkiye. Heavy metal concentrations, fatty acid composition, and pollen morphological characteristics were analyzed using ICP-MS, gas chromatography, and light microscopy, respectively. Translocation factor (TF) and statistical analyses were also performed. In both species, Al, Cr, Fe, and Mn accumulation was markedly increased in the mining area, whereas the increase in Cd remained relatively limited with statistically significant differences between sites. Translocation factor (TF) analyses revealed higher values for most metals in the mining area; notably, H. lydium exhibited a greater translocation capacity for Fe and Mn. In contrast, TF values for Cr remained below 1 in both species, indicating its retention at the root level. Mining conditions were found to markedly alter the fatty acid composition in both Hypericum species, particularly affecting the balance between saturated and unsaturated fatty acids. Under heavy metal stress, total saturated fatty acids (ΣTSFA; particularly palmitic acid (C16:0) and stearic acid (C18:0)) increased in the mining area, whereas total unsaturated fatty acids (ΣTUSFA; oleic acid (C18:1), linoleic acid (C18:2), and α-linolenic acid (C18:3)) were higher under non-mining conditions. From a palynological perspective, the increased metal load preserved morphological integrity in the pollen of H. scabrum, whereas it caused pronounced changes in the P/E ratio and pollen shape in H. lydium, with statistically significant differences observed. Overall, the findings suggest that mining-related heavy metal stress influences metal accumulation, fatty acid composition, and pollen characteristics in Hypericum species, although the magnitude and nature of these effects differ between H. scabrum and H. lydium. These species-specific differences indicate that the two species exhibit distinct physiological and morphological responses to heavy metal stress, contributing to a better understanding of plant-heavy metal interactions in mining ecosystems.

PMID 42723791
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PubMedCureus2026-09-11

Efficacy of Sublingual Misoprostol Versus Intravenous Tranexamic Acid in Reducing Blood Loss Among Full-Term Pregnant Women Undergoing Primary Lower Segment Caesarean Section: A Randomized Controlled Trial.

Basavaraj Nikhitha N, B Ashwini A, Pushpa Kotur K

Postpartum hemorrhage remains a major cause of maternal morbidity and mortality, with caesarean section being associated with increased intraoperative blood loss. Pharmacological agents such as misoprostol and tranexamic acid have been used prophylactically to reduce blood loss during lower segment caesarean section (LSCS); however, evidence directly comparing their efficacy is limited. This study aimed to compare the efficacy and safety of sublingual misoprostol and intravenous tranexamic acid in reducing intraoperative blood loss during primary LSCS. This hospital-based, open-label, randomized controlled trial included 140 women with singleton term pregnancies undergoing primary LSCS. Participants were randomized equally to receive either 600 µg sublingual misoprostol or 1 g intravenous tranexamic acid immediately before skin incision. The primary outcome was intraoperative blood loss measured using a standardized gravimetric method. Secondary outcomes included postoperative fall in haemoglobin, requirement for additional uterotonic agents or blood transfusion, and adverse drug effects. Baseline demographic and obstetric characteristics were comparable between the two groups. Mean intraoperative blood loss was significantly lower in the misoprostol group than in the tranexamic acid group (316.0 ± 158.0 mL vs. 518.5 ± 233.1 mL; p < 0.001). Women receiving misoprostol also had a significantly smaller postoperative fall in haemoglobin and required fewer additional uterotonic agents (2 (2.9%) vs. 11 (15.7%); p = 0.009) and blood transfusions (1 (1.4%) vs. 9 (12.9%); p = 0.016). Fever and shivering were more common with misoprostol, whereas hypotension occurred more frequently in the tranexamic acid group (all p < 0.05). Sublingual 600 µg misoprostol was more effective than 1 g intravenous tranexamic acid in reducing intraoperative blood loss during primary LSCS. It was associated with a smaller postoperative decline in haemoglobin and a reduced need for additional uterotonic agents and blood transfusion, while maintaining an acceptable safety profile. These findings support the use of sublingual misoprostol as an effective and economical option for preventing excessive blood loss during primary LSCS.

PMID 42724954
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