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benzodiazepine

✓ Approved

Valenta Pharm · 小分子 · 小分子

什么是 benzodiazepine？

benzodiazepine 是一种小分子，由Valenta Pharm研发。该药已获批，用于治疗相关适应症，给药途径：Oral (PO)。

药物档案

公司Valenta Pharm
药物类别小分子
给药途径Oral (PO)
状态Approved
来源： ClinicalTrials.gov, Valenta Pharm

治疗适应症

benzodiazepine 针对 1 个适应症，涉及 1 个治疗领域。

治疗领域疾病/病症分期
Psychiatric disordersAnxiety✓ Approved

相关研究文献

PubMedChemistry & biodiversity2026-07-26

Assessment of the Acute Toxicity and Anxiolytic-Like Effect of α-Humulene in Adult Zebrafish (Danio rerio).

Borges Alex de Souza AS, Barbosa Italo Moura IM, Maciel Jéssica Bezerra JB, Fonseca Aluísio Marques da AMD et al.

The sesquiterpene α-humulene (alpha-humulene, humulene, or HUM) is recognized for its anti-inflammatory actions. However, its pharmacological potential in the central nervous system (CNS) remains largely unexplored. In this study, we evaluated the acute toxicity and behavioral responses of adult zebrafish (Danio rerio) to intraperitoneal (IP) injection of HUM. The behavioral parameters examined were number of line crossings (open-field test) and time spent in the light zone of the tank (light/dark test). Then were performed experiments with standard antagonists to investigate the possible mechanism of action. Humulene exhibited low acute toxicity (LD50 > 40 mg kg-1, IP) and produced a maximal anxiolytic-like effect at an intermediate dose of 20 mg kg-1 IP. The pharmacological dissection revealed that this effect was independent of the benzodiazepine (BZD) allosteric binding site on the gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) type A receptor (GABAAR), but it was completely reversed by granisetron (GRAN), a serotonin (5-HT) type 3 receptor (5-HT3R) antagonist. Further in silico analysis revealed a low-affinity binding and an allosteric interaction of α-humulene, respectively, with GABAAR and 5-HT3R channels. Together, these results suggest a noncanonical mechanism involving both GABAergic and serotonergic systems.

PMID 42503214
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PubMedEuropean journal of internal medicine2026-07-26

Alcohol withdrawal syndrome in hospitalized patients: a practical review.

Caputo Fabio F, Lungaro Lisa L, Costanzini Anna A, De Giorgio Roberto R et al.

Alcohol withdrawal syndrome (AWS) develops in patients with alcohol use disorder (AUD) and physical dependence after abrupt cessation or substantial reduction of sustained heavy alcohol use. It is common and potentially life-threatening in general medical practice. Characteristic features include tremor, autonomic activation, anxiety, insomnia, perceptual disturbances, seizures, and delirium tremens. This practical review aims to guide internists in early recognition, risk stratification, monitoring, pharmacological treatment, and transition to longitudinal AUD care. Most hospitalized patients can be managed effectively when physicians identify early high-risk features, select an appropriate level of monitoring, and use approved first-line therapy. Supportive care, including thiamine, hydration, electrolyte correction, and reassessment for differential diagnoses, is essential. Benzodiazepines remain the standard of care for moderate to severe withdrawal, but decisions should reflect withdrawal history, current severity, comorbidity, and symptom-scale limitations in medically complex patients. Benzodiazepine-based protocols include symptom-triggered therapy, fixed-dose therapy, and front loading; choosing among them should depend on the patient's risk profile, ability to participate in symptom scoring, and monitoring environment. Phenobarbital is increasingly used within standardized, closely monitored hospital protocols with appropriate expertise, whereas clomethiazole and sodium oxybate remain region-specific alternatives in some European countries. This review also emphasizes delirium tremens and refractory withdrawal, including when higher-acuity care and adjunctive sedatives should be considered. Hospitalization should be used to initiate treatment for AUD and reduce recurrent withdrawal, readmission, and mortality.

PMID 42502044
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PubMedJournal of psychiatric research2026-07-26

Effects of antidepressant treatment on fetal development and obstetric complications: a retrospective ultrasound study.

Riediker Alessia A, Ochsenbein-Kölble Nicole N, Simões-Wüst Ana Paula AP, Winterfeld Ursula U et al.

Antidepressants are commonly used during pregnancy, yet data on their potential effects on fetal growth remain limited, particularly from ultrasound-based studies. We performed a retrospective analysis of routine ultrasound data from electronic medical records. Data from pregnant women with mental illnesses were extracted and grouped according to antidepressant prescription. After stratifying for gestational age, comparisons between groups included ultrasound parameters, decelerated fetal growth, preterm delivery frequency, ponderal index, blood loss volume at birth and Apgar scores were performed. We included 44 antidepressant-treated and 80 antidepressant-free patients. Groups did not differ regarding age, BMI, psychiatric diagnoses, smoking status, multiparity or benzodiazepine prescription (p > 0.05 for all). We did not detect differences for estimated fetal weight at any time point or for growth deceleration (p > 0.05), except for biparietal diameter (BPD) values at 5-12 weeks (p = 0.046; higher in the antidepressants-treated group) and BPD percentile values at 13-24 weeks (p = 0.04; lower in the antidepressants-treated group). No differences for preterm delivery frequency or for volume of blood loss at birth were observed (p > 0.05). Severe neonatal distress rates were higher in antidepressant-exposed vs. -unexposed newborns at 5 and 10 min after birth, when using an Apgar score threshold of 7 (p = 0.02 and 0.05 respectively), but not for an Apgar threshold of 4 (p > 0.05). Antidepressant treatment during pregnancy was not associated with differences in fetal growth or major obstetric outcomes. Small variations observed in BPD are of uncertain significance, and the neonatal Apgar findings were consistent with previously reported mild and transient adaptation symptoms.

PMID 42501649
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PubMedNeuroscience2026-07-24

Diazepam reduces hippocampal and behavioral plasticity, blunting environmental impact on emotional responses.

Poggini Silvia S, Veleanu Maxime M, Albanese Naomi Ciano NC, Bronnec Martin M et al.

Plasticity is essential for mental health, as it enables individuals to adapt to environmental changes. However, its effects are highly context-dependent. While increased plasticity can be beneficial in supportive environments, as treatments that enhance plasticity have proved more effective when paired with favorable experiences, it may promote maladaptive responses under adverse conditions. Accordingly, a reduction in plasticity is expected to be beneficial in adverse circumstances, as it can limit harmful influences on mental well-being. To test this hypothesis, we investigated whether diazepam, a benzodiazepine that reduces neural plasticity, thereby attenuates the impact of environmental conditions on behavioral and physiological endophenotypes of depression. In a first experiment, we treated C57BL/6 adult male and female mice with diazepam or vehicle, delivered either orally or intraperitoneally, and found a consistent impairment in synaptic plasticity, as indicated by reduced hippocampal long-term potentiation. In a second experiment, after inducing a depression-like phenotype, we treated C57BL/6 adult male mice for three weeks with diazepam or vehicle in either enriched or stressful conditions. The treatment had opposite effects depending on the environmental conditions. In enrichment, it was associated with no significant recovery from anhedonia, whereas under stress, it prevented a further worsening, relative to the control groups. Diazepam also affected anxiety-related behavioral outcomes and hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis activation in an environment-dependent manner. Overall, we demonstrate that diazepam, impairing hippocampal plasticity, blunts the impact of environmental factors on the behavioral outcome. These findings underscore the potential of tailoring neural plasticity to environmental quality as a strategy in precision psychiatry.

PMID 42492890
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PubMedSante mentale au Quebec2026-07-23

[Cooccurrence of catatonia, delirium and dementia in an elderly woman: A case report].

Cossette-Lefebvre Maude M, Bergeron Nicolas N

Catatonia is a severe but underrecognized neuropsychiatric syndrome that is frequently misdiagnosed as delirium or dementia in older adults, resulting in delayed and potentially inappropriate treatment. A 79-year-old woman was admitted for rapid cognitive decline, significant weight loss, and social withdrawal. Initial evaluations suggested major depressive disorder or dementia. Neurological investigations were inconclusive. Following the initiation of psychotropic medication, psychiatric assessment revealed mutism, posturing, and marked psychomotor retardation, fulfilling DSM-5 criteria for catatonia. A lorazepam challenge test confirmed the diagnosis. Psychotropic medications were discontinued, and lorazepam was titrated to 2 mg 4 times daily, resulting in significant clinical improvement. Subsequent brain positron emission tomography (PET) imaging along with clinical evidence supported the presence of an underlying Alzheimer's disease. However, the emergence of superimposed delirium required gradual benzodiazepine tapering. Memantine was subsequently introduced, allowing lorazepam withdrawal and full symptomatic remission. The patient was discharged home. During outpatient follow-up, recurrence of partial symptoms prompted consideration of alternative therapeutic strategies. This case underscores the importance of recognizing catatonia in older adults presenting with cognitive impairment. It highlights the diagnostic and therapeutic challenges posed by the coexistence of catatonia, delirium, and neurodegenerative disease, and emphasizes the need for early identification and a multidisciplinary approach to optimize outcomes.

PMID 42490707
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PubMedTalanta2026-07-23

Hybrid multispectroscopic-chemometric strategy combined with DLLME for the detection of benzodiazepines in complex beverage matrices.

Emanetoglu Busra B, Guzel Pelin P, Koyuncu Elif E, Bayar Fatma Nur FN et al.

The detection of benzodiazepines in beverage residues is of crucial importance in forensic toxicology, particularly in investigations of drug-facilitated crimes. However, their determination in complex beverage matrices remains analytically challenging by severe matrix interferences and low analyte concentrations. In this study, a hybrid multispectroscopic-chemometric methodology was developed for determination of alprazolam (ALP) and lorazepam (LORA) following dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction (DLLME) pretreatment. The proposed approach integrates DLLME with UV-Vis, fluorescence and their derivative spectroscopies, combined with principal component analysis (PCA) and correlation-based data evaluation. Various beverage matrices, including wine, vodka, soft drinks, and sparkling water, were analyzed to assess the method's applicability under realistic forensic scenarios. DLLME significantly enhanced spectral quality and minimized matrix effects, improving the detection of both analytes in various beverages. UV-Vis derivative spectroscopy enhanced spectral resolution with analyte-dependent performance, while fluorescence spectroscopy provided complementary analytical information. Chemometric interpretation via principal component analysis (PCA) enabled effective differentiation between blank and spiked samples, confirming the robustness and reliability of the proposed analytical workflow. For both ALP and LORA cases, the first three principal components cumulatively captured over 80% of the total variance, indicating that they were statistically sufficient to adequately represent the dataset for further data analysis. Cluster validation using the elbow and silhouette methods consistently supported k = 2 as the optimal number of clusters for both cases. Overall, the combined DLLME-multispectroscopic-chemometric strategy offers a rapid, cost-effective, and accessible alternative to advanced instrumental techniques for the preliminary screening and differentiation of benzodiazepine residues in complex forensic beverage samples.

PMID 42485954
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