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lamivudine + zidovudine + abacavir (abacavir + Combivir / Combivir + abacavir / Trizivir)

✓ Approved

Shire · · 小分子

什么是 lamivudine + zidovudine + abacavir？

lamivudine + zidovudine + abacavir 是一种小分子，由Shire研发。该药已获批，用于治疗相关适应症，给药途径：Oral (PO)。

药物档案

商品名abacavir + Combivir, Combivir + abacavir, Trizivir
公司Shire
药物类别小分子
给药途径Oral (PO)
状态Approved
来源： ClinicalTrials.gov, Shire

作用机制

分子靶点

lamivudine + zidovudine + abacavir 作用于 1 个分子靶点：

gag-pol, HIV-1 (gag-pol)
需要更深入的分析？Noah AI 可解释复杂机制并与同类药物比较。

治疗适应症

lamivudine + zidovudine + abacavir 针对 1 个适应症，涉及 1 个治疗领域。

治疗领域疾病/病症分期
Infections and infestationsAcquired immunodeficiency syndrome✓ Approved

相关研究文献

PubMedAngewandte Chemie (International ed. in English)2026-07-26

Expanding the Design Rules for Discriminating Nucleic Acid Mutations via Mismatch-Exchange.

Tan Yun Y, Wang Guan A GA, Shen Chenlan C, Deng Yonggang Y et al.

Complementarity between nucleic acids via Watson-Crick base pairing formulates the basic principle for designing hybridization probes but often suffers low sequence selectivity against single nucleotide mutations. Herein, we report mismatch-exchange as a new design principle that allows the highly sensitive and robust discrimination of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) by simply manipulating the number and position of mismatches in both probes and the reaction products. Leveraging mismatches to drive the strand-exchange and finetuning the specificity, mismatch-exchange is particularly advantageous for analyzing complex nucleic acid targets containing multiple nearby SNPs. Both selective tolerance to synonymous SNPs and OR-gate-based detection of clustered drug-resistant SNPs were demonstrated. Once deployed to nucleic acid testing in clinical settings, mismatch-exchange enabled the discrimination of multiple lamivudine-resistant hepatitis B virus mutants in a clinical cohort containing 65 clinical plasma samples.

PMID 42503210
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PubMedFrontiers in public health2026-07-23

HIV viral suppression outcomes of Tenofovir- and Abacavir-based antiretroviral regimens among children on ART in Zambia.

Gwasupika Jonathan J, Magura Judie J, Phiri Lewis L, Chikwanda Ephraim E et al.

Use of ART has remarkably decreased HIV related morbidity and mortality rates globally. Children living with HIV in Zambia are initiated on an Abacavir-based regimen to suppress viral replication. This study assessed the achievement of HIV viral suppression among children taking Abacavir and Tenofovir-based regimens and the predicting factors associated with viral load suppression in Zambian children. This was a retrospective cross-sectional analysis of routinely collected data on all children diagnosed with HIV aged below 15 years attending the ART clinic from 1 January 2016 to 31 December 2018 at the Paediatric University Teaching Hospital in Lusaka, Zambia. Logistic regression was used to explore factors associated with HIV virological suppression. Ethical approval for the study was sought from the University of Zambia Biomedical Research Ethical Committee and the National Health Research Authority. About 78.4% of children on ART achieved virological suppression (262/334). An increase in age showed about 20% reduced odds of virological suppression (AOR 0.80, CI 0.71-0.95), while a child on ABC/3TC/LPV-r combination of ART compared to TDF/XTC/DTG, showed about 88% reduced odds of virological suppression (AOR 0.12, CI 0.04-0.41). Despite an increased uptake of ART, the viral suppression found in this study was lower than the UNAIDS target of 95% of people on ART to be virally suppressed. Greater sensitization and education on the importance of treatment adherence are required to achieve this target, and further studies are needed to determine the factors contributing to the low viral load suppression in children.

PMID 42487809
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PubMedValue in health regional issues2026-07-22

Cost-Utility Analysis of Dolutegravir Versus Efavirenz-Based Regimens for HIV Treatment in Indonesia: A Model-Based Extrapolation From Primary Healthcare Settings.

Zakiyah Neily N, Iftinan Ghina Nadhifah GN, Nuraeni Sani S, Sinuraya Rano Kurnia RK et al.

Dolutegravir-based therapy (tenofovir/lamivudine/dolutegravir [TLD]) is recommended by the World Health Organization as the preferred first-line regimen for HIV treatment due to its superior efficacy and safety profile. However, local economic evidence supporting this recommendation in Indonesia remains limited. This study evaluated the cost utility of TLD compared with efavirenz-based therapy (tenofovir/lamivudine/efavirenz [TLE]) using real-world data from primary healthcare settings. A Markov model was developed to estimate lifetime costs and health outcomes of TLD and TLE from the healthcare payer's perspective. The model included 3 mutually exclusive health states: suppressed, unsuppressed, and death. Primary data on treatment outcomes were collected from multiple primary healthcare facilities in Bandung, Indonesia. Costs included drug acquisition and routine monitoring based on national tariffs. Costs and outcomes were discounted at 3% annually. Deterministic, probabilistic, and scenario analyses were conducted to assess uncertainty. In the base case, TLD was less costly and more effective than TLE, indicating dominance. Probabilistic sensitivity analysis demonstrated decision uncertainty, with simulations distributed across cost-effectiveness quadrants, although TLD was favored in most iterations. The cost-effectiveness acceptability curve showed a probability exceeding 90% across commonly used thresholds. Scenario analysis incorporating resistance-related switching produced consistent findings, with TLD remaining economically favorable. Results were most sensitive to treatment costs and baseline viral suppression. At a benchmark of approximately 1 × gross domestic product per capita (≈IDR 83 to 84 million per quality-adjusted life-years), TLD remained economically favorable. TLD is likely to be cost-effective for HIV management in Indonesia, while acknowledging decision uncertainty.

PMID 42484581
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PubMedCell reports2026-07-21

Proinflammatory signaling in Ewing sarcoma is driven by retroelement activity and counteracted by reverse transcriptase inhibitors.

Evdokimova Valentina V, Ruzanov Peter P, Gassmann Hendrik H, Hung Minsheng M et al.

Ewing sarcoma (EwS) is a childhood malignancy driven by oncogenic fusion proteins, most commonly EWS::FLI1, and is characterized by paradoxical co-occurrence of inflammation and immunosuppression. Our study shows that LINE, SINE, and LTR/HERV endogenous retroviral elements (EREs) may drive local and systemic inflammation in EwS, and their expression is linked to EWS::FLI1. EREs are not only highly expressed in EwS tumor cells but also disseminated in extracellular vesicles (EVs), selectively targeting blood monocytes and stromal cells and inducing inflammatory responses and immunosuppressive phenotypes. We also demonstrate that some EREs, particularly LINE-1 and HERV-K, retain the ability to encode proteins and to reverse transcribe, coincident with the activation of cGAS-IFN-I, STAT3, and NF-κB antiviral and proinflammatory programs in tumor cells and target monocytes. Treatment with reverse transcriptase (RT) inhibitors abacavir (ABC) and lamivudine (3TC) reduced RT activity, inflammatory signaling, and cytokine release, suggesting a potential strategy for overcoming systemic inflammation and immunosuppression in EwS.

PMID 42479486
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PubMedEuropean journal of obstetrics, gynecology, and reproductive biology2026-07-18

Belgian guidance 2026 on management of pregnancy and breastfeeding in women living with HIV and their infants.

Konopnicki Deborah D, Hainaut Marc M, Adler Catherine C, De Greef Julien J et al.

In 2021, a call was made to write a guidance for the management of pregnancy in women living with HIV (WLWH) in Belgium. The call was sent to BREACH (Belgium Research on AIDS and HIV Consortium), a network of Belgian HIV Reference Centers, Laboratories and interest organizations in the field of HIV. The first working group (30 healthcare workers from 13 institutions) reviewed literature and had online discussions. This Guidance is an expert consensus document designed to answer real life clinical situations; it was presented at BREACH symposium in November 2023 and then updated annually. Antiretroviral drugs prescribed to women considering pregnancy or during pregnancy are classified as 'recommended', 'not recommended', or 'insufficient data. If viral load (VL) at week 36 of pregnancy is ≤50 copies/ml, vaginal delivery without intrapartum zidovudine (IPZ) is recommended but if ≥1000 copies/ml, a scheduled caesarean section (SCS) and IPZ are indicated. In case of VL between 50 and 1000 copies/ml at week 36, IPZ should be given. If maternal VL is ≤50 copies/ml before and throughout pregnancy, antiretroviral prophylaxis for the newborn is not indicated. Benefits and potential risk of breastfeeding should be discussed with the future mother: fully suppressed maternal VL from conception to delivery is considered at very low risk of HIV transmission during breastfeeding. Maternal VL control every 6 weeks and close follow-up by a multidisciplinary team should be offered during exclusive breastfeeding of maximum 6 months to minimize risk of HIV transmission. Shared decision making with the future mother is advised for antiretroviral treatment preference, SCS if VL is between 50 and 1000 copies/ml and infant feeding choices. The Belgian Guidance on management of pregnancy and breastfeeding in WLWH and their infant can be used as a reference for Belgian clinicians and is freely available online.

PMID 42468119
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PubMedAntimicrobial agents and chemotherapy2026-07-17

Population pharmacokinetics of ritonavir-boosted atazanavir in subsequent-line treatment in African children with HIV.

van Dyk Jennie J, Waitt Catriona C, Mugerwa Henry H, Wiesner Lubbe L et al.

Ritonavir-boosted atazanavir (atazanavir/r) is an effective once-daily option for pediatric subsequent-line antiretroviral therapy when used with two nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NRTIs). Tuberculosis co-treatment complicates its use because rifampicin markedly induces atazanavir/r clearance. Although twice-daily atazanavir/r can overcome this interaction in adults, data in children are lacking. We aimed to characterize atazanavir population pharmacokinetics in children with HIV and simulate the effect of rifampicin co-treatment. Atazanavir concentration-time data in African children with HIV from CHAPAS-4 (ISRCTN22964075) and VirTUAL (NCT03923231) were analyzed by nonlinear mixed-effect modeling. We investigated the effect of weight, age, atazanavir formulation, ritonavir dose, and NRTI backbone (tenofovir alafenamide [TAF]-emtricitabine, abacavir-lamivudine, or zidovudine-lamivudine). Simulations were performed across weight bands to evaluate atazanavir/r exposures under standard conditions and, using adult-derived induction effects, predict exposures and possible dosing regimens during rifampicin co-treatment. Seventy children were included, with a median (range) age of 10.9 (3.2-17.7) years and weight of 29 (15-85) kg. A two-compartment model with sequential zero- and first-order absorption best described atazanavir disposition. The estimated typical value of atazanavir clearance was 4.8 L/h for a 27-kg individual. Atazanavir pharmacokinetics in children were unaffected by the NRTI backbone. Once-daily atazanavir/r with current dosing guidelines achieved adequate exposures across weight bands. When simulating pharmacokinetics during rifampicin co-treatment, twice-daily atazanavir/r is expected to restore exposures to levels comparable to once-daily dosing without rifampicin. These findings provide a framework for future clinical evaluation in children with HIV and tuberculosis.

PMID 42467063
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