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articaine hydrochloride + epinephrine (Septocaine)

✓ Approved

GC corporation · 小分子 · 小分子

什么是 articaine hydrochloride + epinephrine？

articaine hydrochloride + epinephrine 是一种小分子，由GC corporation研发。该药已获批，用于治疗相关适应症，给药途径：Injectable (Others)。

药物档案

商品名Septocaine
公司GC corporation
药物类别小分子
给药途径Injectable (Others)
状态Approved
来源： ClinicalTrials.gov, GC corporation

治疗适应症

articaine hydrochloride + epinephrine 针对 2 个适应症，涉及 1 个治疗领域。

治疗领域疾病/病症分期
Nervous system disordersAnaesthesia✓ Approved
Nervous system disordersSensory loss✓ Approved

相关研究文献

PubMedNaunyn-Schmiedeberg's archives of pharmacology2026-07-27

The evolution of pharmacological recommendations for anaphylaxis: a comparative analysis of established textbooks.

McGuigan Annika Stina AS, Seifert Roland R

Anaphylaxis can be life-threatening-due to its rapid-progressing and often unpredictable nature. Especially in such medical emergencies, robust clinical trials regarding adjunctive therapies can be scarce and recommendations across literature may vary. Hence, the aim of this study is to investigate the evolution of recommendations for the pharmacological management of anaphylaxis in established pharmacology textbooks over time. The following German textbook series were included: Aktories, Lüllmann, and Karow. The US standard work Goodman & Gilman was reviewed for an international comparison. This study focuses on epinephrine, H1R-antagonists, H2R-antagonists, and GCR-agonists-analyzing their potential use in anaphylaxis via predefined criteria and contextualizing it using the current AWMF anaphylaxis guideline. Epinephrine is continuously recommended as first-line treatment in anaphylaxis across textbooks and decades-with a shift towards i.m. use. Differences prevail regarding the anaphylaxis grade at which epinephrine is indicated vs. when H1R-antagonists are considered sufficient. Overall, H1R-antagonists are noted as adjuncts in at least more severe anaphylaxis. H2R-antagonists appear to lack clinical relevance and are inconsistently discussed as adjunctive add-ons. While GCR-agonists are consistently recommended as adjuncts in anaphylaxis, the included US literature deviates from the German consensus of a high-dose approach. Moreover, there are differences regarding fluid resuscitation-some textbooks merely predate the guideline's recommendation to refrain from colloids, whereas others remain at odds with it even in their latest editions. While there is general agreement on epinephrine's central role in anaphylaxis management, recommendations in literature regarding the specific roles of certain adjunctive measures vary-likely reflecting the limited evidence.

PMID 42503525
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PubMedJournal of personalized medicine2026-07-27

Pharmacologic Strategies for Intraoperative Hypotension When Ephedrine Is Unavailable: An Evidence-Based Review.

Duarte-Medrano Gilberto G, Nuño-Lámbarri Natalia N, Chavez-Muñoz Diana D, Elguezabal Rodelo Rebeca Garazi RG et al.

Background/Objectives: Intraoperative hypotension (IOHs) affects up to 87% of patients under general anesthesia and is consistently associated with acute kidney injury, myocardial damage, stroke, and mortality. The intermittent unavailability of ephedrine across healthcare systems underscores the need for evidence-based alternatives. This review critically evaluates pharmacological options for IOH when ephedrine is unavailable, focusing on receptor pharmacodynamics, population-specific evidence, and clinical consequences of inadequately managed hypotension. Methods: A narrative, evidence-based review was conducted examining mechanisms of action, dosing strategies, adverse effect profiles, and clinical applicability of key vasoactive agents: ephedrine, phenylephrine, norepinephrine, and epinephrine. Population-specific evidence across obstetric, pediatric, and elderly cohorts was synthesized from randomized controlled trials, meta-analyses, and observational studies. The clinical impact of IOH on neurological, cardiovascular, and renal outcomes was reviewed. Results: Each vasopressor exhibits a distinct receptor-selectivity profile that determines its hemodynamic effect and optimal clinical context. Norepinephrine's favorable α1/β1 balance tends to preserve cardiac output better than pure α1-agonists and has emerged as a promising alternative in obstetric and elderly populations, although the optimal agent ultimately depends on the underlying mechanism of hypotension and individual patient characteristics. Epinephrine provides combined vasopressor and inotropic support for hypotension with myocardial depression. IOH is associated with a greater than twofold increase in postoperative AKI and significantly elevated risks of myocardial infarction and stroke, with outcomes driven by cumulative hypotensive exposure rather than isolated pressure nadirs. Conclusions: Effective management of IOH requires individualized vasopressor selection guided by underlying pathophysiology, cardiovascular profile, and surgical context. A physiology-based strategy-rather than protocol-driven drug substitution-enables anesthesiologists to achieve precise hemodynamic control and preserve end-organ perfusion even when ephedrine is unavailable.

PMID 42506108
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PubMedOrganic letters2026-07-27

Divergent Access to Chiral Pyrrolidinone-Fused 4H-Pyrans and Pyridines Via Organocatalytic Asymmetric Decarboxylative Addition-Annulation of β-Keto Acids with 2,3-Dioxopyrrolidines.

Li Tianxing T, He Tianyu T, Meng Weiyue W, Jin Hui H et al.

We disclose an unprecedented organocatalytic asymmetric decarboxylative Michael addition of β-keto acids to 2,3-dioxopyrrolidines, enabling the efficient assembly of chiral pyrrolidinone-fused [3,4-b]-4H-pyrans and [3,4-b]-pyridines. The reaction affords chiral pyrrolidinone-tethered 1,5-dicarbonyl intermediates in high yields with excellent regio- and enantioselectivities. Acid-promoted intramolecular cyclization of these adducts provides enantioenriched pyrrolidinone-fused [3,4-b]-4H-pyrans without erosion of enantiopurity, whereas cyclocondensation with hydroxylamine hydrochloride delivers diverse pyrrolidinone-fused [3,4-b]-pyridines. Notably, this protocol is compatible with a one-pot tandem process and gram-scale synthesis.

PMID 42504541
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PubMedToxins2026-07-27

Enhanced Protection Against Toxicity of Nemopilema nomurai Venom Using a PEG-EGCG/Tetracycline Hydrochloride Micellar Nanocomplex.

Li Jie J, Hu Yanan Y, Qian Yunfeng Y, Luo Sai S et al.

Jellyfish stings are the most common type of marine life injuries. However, at present, the treatment measures against jellyfish stings are mostly empirical and supportive, with uncertain therapeutic outcomes, and there is a lack of specific antidotes based on the toxic mechanism of jellyfish venom in clinical practice. In our previous study, polyphenol epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG) was found to neutralize the toxicity of jellyfish Nemopilema nomurai venom (NnV) in vivo and in vitro. Herein we further demonstrated that EGCG exerted its antagonistic effect against NnV through inhibiting the oxidative stress, pro-apoptotic proteins, and systemic inflammatory responses. Subsequently, we constructed a polyethylene glycol (PEG)-EGCG/tetracycline hydrochloride (HTC) co-loaded micellar nanocomplex in order to enhance the stability and bioavailability of EGCG in vivo, which successfully integrated the membrane-repair function of PEG, the enzyme inhibitory effect of HTC and the antioxidant properties of EGCG. Notably, this micellar nanocomplex demonstrated significant protective effects against both functional damage and pathological alterations in a non-lethal NnV-envenomed mouse model. When administered 1 h after NnV envenomation, EGCG (40 mg/kg), HTC and PEG-EGCG (containing 40 mg/kg EGCG) only partially improved abnormal blood biochemical indicators and moderately alleviated histopathologic damage, and PEG-EGCG/HTC containing merely 8 mg/kg EGCG completely mitigated the toxic reactions in envenomed mice. In the preventive regimen, the administration of EGCG, HTC or PEG-EGCG 30 min before exposure showed no significant improvement in abnormal blood biochemical indicators and histopathologic damage, while PEG-EGCG/HTC could still significantly improve the functional impairments and histopathologic damage of the heart and liver in NnV-envenomed mice. These findings suggest the clinical translational potential of PEG-EGCG/HTC against jellyfish envenomation.

PMID 42506698
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PubMedDentistry journal2026-07-27

Local Anaesthetic Systemic Toxicity in Dental and Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery: Safe Dosing, Combination Agents, and Emergency Management-A Narrative Review.

Ucer Cemal C, Wright Simon S, Khan Rabia R, Kumar Sushil S

Background/Objectives: Local anaesthetic systemic toxicity (LAST) is a rare but potentially fatal complication of dental and oral and maxillofacial surgical local anaesthesia (LA). Three amide agents are commonly used in the UK: lignocaine (lidocaine) 2% with adrenaline 1:80,000; articaine 4% with adrenaline 1:100,000 (2.2 mL cartridges); and bupivacaine 0.5%. Clinically significant discrepancies between guideline sources for maximum recommended dosages (MRDs) persist, and the additive toxicity of combined amide agents remains underappreciated. The objectives are: to provide clear, evidence-appraised MRD guidance for dental practitioners; to explain safe combination dosing using the fractional dose rule with acknowledgement of its pharmacokinetic limitations; and to outline recognition and management of LAST, including intravenous lipid emulsion (ILE) therapy, setting-stratified response, and differential diagnosis. Methods: These include the following: narrative review of MEDLINE (via PubMed), the Cochrane Library, and Embase (inception to May 2026), supplemented by key regulatory documents (British National Formulary (BNF) 91; US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) prescribing information; UK Summaries of Product Characteristics (SmPCs)); major guideline documents (American Society of Regional Anesthesia and Pain Medicine (ASRA) 2018; Association of Anaesthetists 2021; Resuscitation Council UK 2021); systematic reviews; and peer-reviewed literature, ranked by a jurisdiction-specific UK prescribing and regulatory source hierarchy. Results: BNF 91 and the FDA both support a 7 mg/kg (500 mg) MRD for lignocaine with adrenaline; in practice, the adrenaline ceiling limits administration to 6-7 cartridges (2.2 mL) regardless of the guideline followed. The principal reasons for caution when combining amide agents are; additive systemic toxicity, more complex dose calculation, absence of proven clinical benefit for concurrent mixing, unnecessary drug exposure, and incremental hypersensitivity risk-not metabolic pathway differences. The fractional dose rule is a pharmacologically justified safety heuristic with acknowledged pharmacokinetic limitations. ILE is a specific rescue therapy for severe or cardiovascular LAST; airway support and oxygenation remain the primary interventions. Patient-specific factors substantially lower the effective toxic threshold. Conclusions: Safe LA administration in oral surgery requires systematic MRD calculation, application of the fractional dose rule for combined-agent appointments, attention to patient-specific risk factors, setting-appropriate emergency preparedness, and structured differential diagnosis to distinguish LAST from more common dental emergencies.

PMID 42505765
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PubMedCells2026-07-27

Crosstalk Between Gut Microbiota, Epigenome, and Neurotransmitters in Health and Disease.

Nohesara Shabnam S, Mostafavi Abdolmaleky Hamid H, Thiagalingam Sam S

Beyond its established roles in digestion, immune regulation, and enteroendocrine signaling, the gut microbiota (GM) influences distant organs, particularly the brain, by producing or modulating the balance of neurotransmitters (NTs) and regulating their intestinal metabolism through epigenetic mechanisms, thereby shaping gut-brain communication. In this narrative review, first, we provide an overview of the major classes of NTs, such as serotonin, dopamine, GABA, glutamate, acetylcholine, epinephrine, and norepinephrine, and their functions in the body and brain. Second, we discuss the potential epigenetic mechanisms through which alterations in the levels and/or activity of NTs contribute to health and disease. Third, we explore the potential roles of the GM in the production of biologically active metabolites, such as short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), and in the regulation of NT metabolism and function in health and disease through epigenetic mechanisms. We also highlight how GM-modulating therapies may improve disease outcomes by altering epigenetically mediated intestinal NT metabolism and availability, with downstream effects on NT activity in other organs. Finally, we discuss the current challenges and future directions for elucidating the interplay among the epigenome, the GM, and NTs.

PMID 42505389
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