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paracetamol (paracetamol, EFVDAS)

✓ Approved

Elan · PTGS1 · 小分子

什么是 paracetamol？

paracetamol 是一种小分子，由Elan研发。该药已获批，用于治疗相关适应症，给药途径：Oral (PO)。

药物档案

商品名paracetamol, EFVDAS
公司Elan
药物类别小分子
分子靶点PTGS1, PTGS2
给药途径Oral (PO)
状态Approved
来源： ClinicalTrials.gov, Elan

作用机制

分子靶点

paracetamol 作用于 2 个分子靶点：

PTGS1prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 1 (COX3, PCOX1)
PTGS2prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2 (GRIPGHS, hCox-2)
需要更深入的分析？Noah AI 可解释复杂机制并与同类药物比较。

治疗适应症

paracetamol 针对 1 个适应症，涉及 1 个治疗领域。

治疗领域疾病/病症分期
Gastrointestinal disordersAbdominal pain✓ Approved

相关研究文献

PubMedMetabolites2026-10-27

Colon-Specific Gut Microbiome Remodelling Is Associated with Host Metabolism in Paracetamol-Induced Liver Injury in Rats.

Khassenbekova Zhanagul Z, Kozhakhmetova Saniya S, Tarzhanova Dinar D, Zhantureyeva Akmaral A et al.

Background/Objectives: The gut and liver are functionally coupled along the gut-liver axis, yet most studies treat the intestine as a single compartment and sample feces alone. We tested whether a plant-derived beetroot-tarragon microgreen beverage engages this axis in a segment-selective, colon-anchored manner in a rat model of paracetamol-induced liver injury with the intestinal dysbiosis characteristic of this model. Methods: In a rat model of paracetamol-induced liver injury with the intestinal dysbiosis characteristic of this model, three paracetamol-exposed groups-a paracetamol-only model (APAP) and two treatment arms receiving either the beetroot-tarragon microgreen beverage (APAP+MG) or a licorice-root decoction (APAP+LIC)-were compared against an intact control serving as a reference. The gut-liver axis was interrogated end-to-end by combining liver histology, serum 1H-NMR metabolomics and vitamin profiling, and 16S rRNA gene sequencing across five intestinal sites (duodenum, jejunum, ileum, colon, and faeces). Group differences were resolved with consensus differential-abundance testing, and colonic microbiota were linked to circulating metabolites through paired microbiome-metabolome integration. Results: Paracetamol produced a reproducible sub-massive injury. Microgreens were associated with less histological injury, less weight loss, and a serum metabolome closest to the intact state among the treated arms, although no individual metabolite contrast survived FDR correction. Community separation localised to the colon as a genuine centroid shift (Aitchison PERMANOVA R2 = 0.22; PERMDISP non-significant), whereas small-intestinal separation partly reflected dispersion. The microgreen arm showed higher abundance of SCFA-associated Lachnospiraceae and lower Escherichia-Shigella, with a broader colonic response than licorice (27 vs. 4 differentially abundant genera). The microbiome-metabolome association was directional but exploratory; no genus-metabolite pair survived FDR correction. Conclusions: The beverage was associated with attenuation of paracetamol-induced hepatic injury (assessed histologically only; serum ALT/AST were not measured) through a colon-localised, SCFA-oriented remodelling with a directional but non-significant shift of the serum metabolome toward the intact profile, extending the microbiome-modulating benefits of microgreens to an acute drug-injury setting and supporting their further development as functional beverages, subject to a dedicated safety evaluation. As a pilot study with modest sample sizes and non-time-matched group endpoints, these findings require confirmation in adequately powered, time-matched cohorts.

PMID 42941174
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PubMedJournal of clinical medicine2026-10-27

Analgesic Prescribing in Medically Complex Adult Outpatients Aged ≥40 Years: A Hierarchical Analysis of Comorbidity-Associated Patterns.

Alqurain Aymen Ali AA, Alshammari Abdulkarim A, Alhomoud Faten F, Alhomoud Farah Kais FK et al.

Background/Objectives: Selecting appropriate analgesic therapy in patients with multimorbidity is increasingly challenging because clinicians must balance pain management against comorbidities, polypharmacy, and medication-related risks. However, evidence describing how analgesic prescribing patterns vary across patients with different multimorbidity profiles in routine outpatient practice remains limited. This retrospective cross-sectional study examined associations between multimorbidity and prescribing patterns across paracetamol, non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), and opioids, and identified clinical characteristics associated with different hierarchical analgesic exposure groups among adults aged ≥40 years in Saudi Arabia. Methods: Electronic health record data were analyzed for adults aged ≥40 years attending multiple clinics in the Eastern Region of Saudi Arabia between January 2020 and December 2021. Analgesic exposure at the index outpatient visit was classified using a hierarchical framework into mutually exclusive paracetamol-only, NSAID-priority, opioid-priority, or non-use groups. Multinomial logistic regression was performed to identify clinical characteristics associated with assignment to the hierarchical analgesic exposure groups. Results: Among 41,083 patients, 29,383 (71.5%) received at least one analgesic prescription at the index visit. The NSAID-priority group was the largest exposure category, followed by opioid-priority and paracetamol-only groups. Hierarchical analgesic prescribing patterns differed across patient clinical profiles, with prescribing observed across patients with cardiovascular, metabolic, gastrointestinal, respiratory, and neuropsychiatric disorders. In adjusted analyses, arthritis-related disease was associated with slightly higher odds of NSAID-priority assignment, whereas ischemic heart disease, gastritis-related disease, and respiratory disorders were associated with lower odds of NSAID-priority assignment. Constipation and urinary incontinence were associated with lower odds of opioid-priority assignment. Conclusions: Analgesic prescribing was common among medically complex adult outpatients aged ≥40 years, and hierarchical prescribing patterns differed across patient clinical and comorbidity profiles. The hierarchical framework provided a pragmatic approach for characterizing prescribing across major analgesic classes while accounting for concurrent exposure. Most disease-specific associations were attenuated after multivariable adjustment, and the remaining associations were generally modest in magnitude. Owing to the cross-sectional design and absence of detailed treatment-indication and pain-related information, these findings represent prescribing associations and should not be interpreted as evidence of causal prescribing decisions or treatment appropriateness.

PMID 42941527
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PubMedBiology2026-10-27

Maternal Pharmaceutical Intake, Tobacco Smoking, and Environmental Pesticide Exposures: High-Resolution Serum Pesticide Screening, Longitudinal Fetal Ultrasound Biometry, and Postnatal Anogenital Distance in a Brazilian Cohort.

Sater Ana Carolina AC, da Silva Amanda Maieski AM, de Moraes Ingridy Caroline IC, Romano Marco Aurelio MA et al.

Maternal lifestyle exposures and pharmaceutical consumption during gestation represent key modulators of intrauterine growth and reproductive tract programming. This prospective cohort study evaluated the associations of maternal clinical history, medication use, and tobacco smoking with serial fetal ultrasound biometry, AGD, and postnatal infant anthropometry. A cohort of 51 pregnant women was prospectively enrolled during the first trimester (≤14 weeks) in Guarapuava, PR, Brazil, of whom 42 completed standardized longitudinal assessments across early gestation (11-14 weeks), mid-gestation (20-26 weeks), and late gestation (32-36 weeks), followed by pediatric evaluation at 8-10 months of life (n = 17). Clinical, sociodemographic, and pharmacological profiles were acquired through interviewer-administered structured questionnaires. Serial obstetric sonography was used to quantify the crown-rump length (CRL), estimated fetal weight (EFW), amniotic fluid index (AFI), and fetal AGD using electronic calipers. Postnatal infant AGD (anus to scrotum [AGD-AS] and anus to penis [AGD-AP] in males; anus to fourchette [AGD-AF] and anus to clitoral hood [AGD-AC] in females) was measured using digital calipers. Concurrently, high-resolution suspect pesticide screening (RP-UPLC-QTOF-MS) was performed on maternal serum collected early (≤14 weeks) and at mid-gestation (16-26 weeks) to identify circulating pesticide residues. Paracetamol was the most frequently reported drug (85.71%), followed by antibiotics (21.43%) and dipyrone (16.67%). Tobacco smoking during pregnancy was reported by 23.81% of mothers (mean: 10.10 ± 7.18 cigarettes/day). Fetal AGD expanded significantly from mid- to late gestation in both male fetuses (from 15.92 ± 3.50 mm to 31.22 ± 4.08 mm, p < 0.001) and female fetuses (from 12.11 ± 1.79 mm to 22.37 ± 4.46 mm, p < 0.001). In male infants aged 8-10 months, active maternal smoking during pregnancy was significantly associated with a marked reduction in AGD-AS (23.71 ± 3.67 mm vs. 32.89 ± 3.96 mm, p = 0.011) and an attenuation in AGD-AP (56.80 ± 0.99 mm vs. 71.31 ± 9.29 mm, p = 0.057). Exploratory analyses of therapeutic exposure to paracetamol, dipyrone, or antibiotics revealed no nominal differences in fetal biometric parameters or birth weight, although analyses were underpowered to rule out subtle effects. In female infants, birth weight correlated positively with AGD-AC (r = 0.956, p = 0.0435). Notably, pesticide residues were detected in 100% of the evaluated pregnant women (n = 42), revealing 55 distinct active xenobiotic ingredients across insecticides, herbicides, fungicides, and acaricides. The most prevalent compounds in early and mid-gestation included tebutam, pirimiphos-methyl, fenazaquin, butocarboxim, pendimethalin, silthiofam, and esprocarb. In conclusion, maternal tobacco smoking was associated with shorter male postnatal AGD in a very small subgroup (n = 2 exposed vs. n = 11 unexposed), which warrants cautious interpretation and validation in larger cohorts. High-resolution metabolomic screening provided qualitative evidence of multiclass pesticide residues in maternal circulation. Overall, this multimodal protocol illustrates a feasible surveillance framework, but the findings remain hypothesis-generating and require independent quantitative validation.

PMID 42939470
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PubMedChildren (Basel, Switzerland)2026-10-27

The Relationship Between Parents' E-Health Literacy and Their Knowledge, Attitudes, and Practices Regarding Pediatric Fever Management: A Cross-Sectional Study.

Çelik İsa İ, Altay Gamzegül G, Metin Karaaslan Mehtap M

This study aimed to describe parents' knowledge, attitudes, and practices regarding childhood fever management and to examine the association between parental e-health literacy and the total score of the Parental Knowledge, Attitudes, and Practices Questionnaire on Pediatric Fever Management (PKAPQ-PFM). This descriptive, correlational, cross-sectional study included 442 parents of children aged 0-5 years. Descriptive statistics, simple linear regression, and multivariable linear regression analyses were used for data analysis. Parents' mean score on the e-Health Literacy Scale was 30.35 ± 6.34, and their mean score on the Parental Knowledge, Attitudes, and Practices Questionnaire on Pediatric Fever Management was 113.17 ± 9.68. Among parents, 49.1% preferred measuring fever from the forehead, and 44.8% considered 38.0 °C and above as the fever threshold for axillary measurement. Paracetamol (81.9%) was the most preferred antipyretic, and 62.7% of households had forehead thermometers. Parents most frequently sought information about the causes of fever (52.5%), dosing intervals for antipyretic medications (37.1%), and the temperature threshold at which medication should be administered (31.9%). E-health literacy was positively and significantly associated with total PKAPQ-PFM scores (R = 0.322, p < 0.001) and explained 10.4% of the variance in total PKAPQ-PFM scores (R2 = 0.104, p < 0.001). This association remained significant after adjustment for sociodemographic characteristics (B = 0.48, β = 0.32, p < 0.001). Higher parental e-health literacy was associated with higher total PKAPQ-PFM scores. Strengthening parents' e-health literacy may be a useful focus for parent education aimed at improving childhood fever management. Pediatric nurses should support parents' digital health literacy to promote safe fever management practices at home and appropriate medication use.

PMID 42940662
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PubMedHealth science reports2026-10-27

Prevalence and Associated Factors of Self-Medication Among Late Adolescents in Urban Dhaka, Bangladesh: A Cross-Sectional Study.

Tamanna Nourin N, Muktarul Md M, Yeasmin Nusrat N, Orpita Tania Siddika TS et al.

Self-medication is a growing concern among adolescents in low- and middle-income countries, yet evidence for late adolescents in urban Bangladesh is scarce. This study estimated its prevalence and identified associated factors among late adolescent college students in Dhaka. A cross-sectional study was conducted between October 2025 and March 2026 among 450 students aged 16-19 years in grades 11 and 12 at one public and one private college in Dhaka, recruited by convenience sampling. A structured, self-administered questionnaire covered sociodemographic and lifestyle characteristics, self-medication during the preceding 3 months, drug categories, reasons, and information and procurement sources. Self-medication was defined as use of any medicine without a current prescription from, or consultation with, a licensed physician. Bivariable and multivariable logistic regression were performed in Stata 15.0 with all 10 prespecified covariates entered simultaneously; tests were two-sided at alpha = 0.05. Self-medication was reported by 170 of 450 participants (37.8%; 95% CI: 33.4-42.3). The commonest categories were paracetamol-containing analgesics (150/170, 88.2%), acid-suppressing agents (109/170, 64.1%), and cough preparations (94/170, 55.3%); antibiotics were reported by 36/170 (21.2%), and sedative-hypnotics by 39/170 (22.9%). At least one prescription-only category was used by 156/170 (91.8%), with a median of 4.5 categories per participant (IQR: 3-6). In the adjusted model, female sex (AOR: 0.49; 95% CI: 0.31-0.78; p = 0.002) and absence of illness in the preceding month (AOR: 0.35; 95% CI: 0.23-0.54; p < 0.001) were independently associated with lower odds of self-medication. More than one-third of these students reported self-medication, most often with medicines requiring a prescription in Bangladesh. Because the sample was nonprobability based and drawn from two colleges, the findings describe the participating institutions rather than urban Bangladeshi adolescents as a whole, and identify associated factors rather than causes.

PMID 42936600
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PubMedDevelopmental medicine and child neurology2026-10-26

Prenatal exposure to paracetamol and the risk of autism and attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder: An umbrella review and meta-meta-analysis.

PMID 42929304
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