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tetanus toxoid vaccine

✓ Approved

ADImmune · 疫苗 · 疫苗

什么是 tetanus toxoid vaccine？

tetanus toxoid vaccine 是一种疫苗，由ADImmune研发。该药已获批，用于治疗相关适应症，给药途径：Injectable (Others)。

药物档案

公司ADImmune
药物类别疫苗
给药途径Injectable (Others)
状态Approved
来源： ClinicalTrials.gov, ADImmune

治疗适应症

tetanus toxoid vaccine 针对 1 个适应症，涉及 1 个治疗领域。

治疗领域疾病/病症分期
Infections and infestationsTetanus✓ Approved

相关研究文献

PubMedVaccines2026-07-27

Adult Seroprotection Gaps Against Diphtheria and Tetanus in Urban China: Repeated Cross-Sectional Serosurveillance in Pudong, Shanghai, 2017-2025.

Cheng Wanran W, Li Juan J, Yang Tian T, Bai Yu Y et al.

Background: Adult susceptibility to diphtheria and tetanus may increase as vaccine-induced immunity wanes, yet repeated population-based serosurveillance data in China are limited. Methods: We analyzed annual serosurveys conducted in Pudong New Area, Shanghai, China, from 2017 to 2025 among healthy adults aged 20-49 years. Diphtheria and tetanus IgG concentrations were measured by ELISA. Seroprotection was defined as antibody concentration ≥0.1 IU/mL. Antibody concentrations were further categorized as <0.01, 0.01-<0.1, 0.1-<1.0, and ≥1.0 IU/mL, and geometric mean concentrations (GMCs) were calculated. Multivariable logistic regression models were fitted to assess factors associated with non-protection, including survey year, age group, and household registration. Sensitivity analyses excluding the 2018 survey year were conducted. Results: A total of 2376 serum samples were included. Overall seroprotection was 21.46% for diphtheria and 13.80% for tetanus. The proportion protected against both antigens was 9.05%, while 73.78% showed concurrent non-protection against both antigens. The overall GMC was 0.032 IU/mL (95% CI: 0.030-0.034) for diphtheria and 0.018 IU/mL (95% CI: 0.017-0.019) for tetanus. Concentrations ≥1.0 IU/mL were uncommon for both antigens. Adults aged 40-49 years had higher odds of non-protection than those aged 20-29 years for diphtheria (OR: 2.43, 95% CI: 1.85-3.21) and tetanus (OR: 2.94, 95% CI: 2.11-4.13). Non-local residents also had higher odds of non-protection than local residents for diphtheria (OR: 1.55, 95% CI: 1.24-1.93) and tetanus (OR: 2.81, 95% CI: 2.15-3.69). Seroprotection varied across survey years, with a marked nadir in 2018. Sensitivity analyses excluding 2018 attenuated most year-specific associations, whereas age- and residence-related differences persisted. Conclusions: Healthy adults aged 20-49 years in Pudong showed low seroprotection and low GMCs against both diphtheria and tetanus, with a high proportion concurrently non-protected against both antigens. These findings highlight a persistent adult immunity gap and support further evaluation of adult booster strategies and enhanced serosurveillance.

PMID 42506607
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PubMedVaccines2026-07-27

A Double-Edged Sword: Breast Milk-Derived Maternal Antibodies and Infant Vaccine Responses: A Narrative Review.

Mpakosi Alexandra A, Moutsopoulou Rafaela Anna RA, Cholevas Stamatios S, Lianou Alexandra A et al.

Neonatal defense against pathogens relies on maternal antibodies transferred both through the placenta (IgG) and through breast milk (primarily secretory IgA). Maternal IgG antibodies are transferred across the placenta to the fetus mainly via the neonatal Fc receptor (FcRn), which is expressed at high levels in placental syncytiotrophoblasts, and results in the acquisition of maternal-fetal IgG. Transplacental transfer via the FcRn pathway can provide therapeutic proteins and protective antibodies following maternal vaccination. However, maternal IgG antibodies can bind to vaccine antigens such as measles, tetanus, and poliovirus, resulting in rapid clearance through FcgRIIB-mediated inhibition and inadequate B cell activation. In this way, they can inhibit de novo immune responses and significantly reduce vaccine response. On the other hand, the interference that breast milk-derived antibodies may have on vaccine-induced immunity is still largely unknown. Vaccination against influenza, pertussis, and COVID-19 during pregnancy or lactation has been shown to induce the production of protective, pathogen-specific, secretory IgA and IgG antibodies in breast milk. Conversely, studies found that breast milk-derived antibodies of vaccinated mothers reduced vaccine-induced immunity in breastfed infants by accelerating the clearance of vaccine antigen, resulting in reduced antigen availability and reduced plasma cell formation after vaccination. Additional factors in middle- and low-income countries, including environmental (increased microbiome diversity, environmental intestinal dysfunction, malnutrition, co-infections) and breastfeeding practices, may exacerbate the interference effect of maternal antibodies. Current evidence supports that breastfeeding is associated with a reduced immunological response exclusively to the rotavirus vaccine. However, the limited evidence base to date precludes definitive conclusions regarding the role of breast milk-derived antibodies in modulating vaccine-induced immunity. Nevertheless, the evidence suggests that although maternal antibodies may theoretically reduce vaccine immunogenicity, the overall protective benefits of breastfeeding outweigh any potential interference with vaccine responses.

PMID 42506596
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PubMedVaccines2026-07-27

Untangling the Roots of HPV Vaccine Acceptance in West Virginia: How Hesitancy and Misinformation Shape Parental Decisions.

Guidry Jeanine P D JPD, Laestadius Linnea I LI, Engbersen-Severijns Yil Y, Miller Carrie A CA et al.

West Virginia is of particular concern regarding HPV vaccine hesitancy, currently ranking 45th among U.S. states in HPV vaccine uptake. General vaccine hesitancy and HPV- and HPV vaccine-specific misinformation, both associated with lower vaccination, have increased in recent years, complicating efforts to identify key drivers of HPV vaccine acceptance and effective intervention targets. This study used a Qualtrics survey of n = 330 parents of children aged 0-14 in West Virginia. Measures included parental HPV vaccine acceptance for their youngest child (reflecting either completed vaccination or intention to vaccinate), general vaccine hesitancy measured using the Vaccine Hesitancy Scale (VHS), and endorsement of nine common HPV- and HPV vaccine-specific misinformation statements. Misinformation items were summed and demonstrated good internal reliability (Cronbach's α = 0.868). Hierarchical logistic regression analyses indicated significant racial/ethnic differences across all model steps, with non-White parents less likely to report HPV vaccine acceptance for their child (p < 0.001). In Step 2, lower levels of general vaccine hesitancy predicted higher HPV vaccine acceptance (p < 0.001). In the final model, higher endorsement of HPV- and HPV vaccine-specific misinformation was associated with lower HPV vaccine acceptance (p = 0.035). These findings underscore the independent and additive influence of general vaccine hesitancy and HPV- and HPV vaccine-specific misinformation on parental HPV vaccine acceptance in West Virginia. Community-engaged public health strategies should prioritize strengthening vaccine confidence and directly addressing HPV- and HPV vaccine-specific misinformation, particularly among underserved populations.

PMID 42506645
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PubMedVaccines2026-07-27

Human Papillomavirus Vaccine Intent and Associated Factors Among the Unvaccinated University Freshmen in the Largest University Town in China.

Yao Hongcen H, Lu Hongmei H, Zhu Qi Q, Shen Jinhua J et al.

Background: Human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccine has been proven a safe, necessary, and effective measure against HPV infection. However, HPV vaccine uptake remains limited among university students in China. This study investigated HPV vaccine intent among university freshmen in the largest university town in China. Methods: A cross-sectional online survey was conducted among unvaccinated female and male freshmen attending seven universities in Songjiang University Town, Shanghai, during 2024-2025. The questionnaire collected sociodemographic characteristics, HPV and HPV-vaccine-related knowledge, awareness, and vaccine intent. Factors associated with HPV vaccine intent were determined. Results: A total of 3397 valid questionnaires were collected, including female (60.02%) and male (39.98%) university freshmen. Overall, 76.12% were aware of HPV, 80.98% were aware of the HPV vaccine, and 84.31% expressed vaccine intent, with significantly higher rates among females than males (each p < 0.001). Socioeconomics, knowledge, awareness, sexual behavior, and HPV testing history were significantly associated with vaccine intent (each p < 0.05). The most common reason for no intent was perceived low risk of HPV-related diseases (40.53%). The most expected improvement measures were regulatory confirmation of vaccine safety and effectiveness (37.71%) and healthcare professionals' recommendations (37.71%), with no gender difference (each p > 0.05). Notably, 4.00% refused HPV vaccination, regardless of improvement measures. Additionally, most respondents preferred financial supporting policies, regardless of gender or vaccine intent (each p > 0.05). Conclusions: University freshmen showed the disparity between high awareness/intent and low knowledge. Financial considerations may influence HPV vaccination decisions. Thus, improving knowledge, particularly among males, and providing financial support may enhance HPV vaccine intent.

PMID 42506658
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PubMedZhonghua yu fang yi xue za zhi [Chinese journal of preventive medicine]2026-07-27

[Research progress in combination vaccines containing sabin strain inactivated poliovirus vaccine].

Fu Y X YX, Cai L K LK, Liang J L JL, Zhao T T et al.

Sabin strain inactivated poliovirus vaccine (sIPV), derived from attenuated Sabin poliovirus strains, has emerged as a promising alternative to both oral poliovirus vaccine (OPV) and conventional inactivated poliovirus vaccine (cIPV). It eliminates the risk of vaccine-associated paralytic poliomyelitis (VAPP) and the emergence of vaccine-derived polioviruses (VDPVs). In addition, sIPV demonstrates superior biosafety and vaccine safety during production and administration compared with cIPV. The integration of sIPV into combination vaccines with other routine immunization antigens can reduce the number of injections and streamline immunization schedules, making sIPV-containing combination vaccines a key focus of recent research. Japan launched the world's first sIPV-containing tetravalent vaccine in 2012, followed by the introduction of an sIPV-containing pentavalent vaccine in 2024. In China, a standalone sIPV was licensed in 2015, and multiple sIPV-containing combination vaccines are currently in clinical trials or preclinical development. The primary challenges for these vaccines include antigen compatibility within combination formulations and the scalability of sIPV production. Future strategies, such as the use of innovative adjuvants and intradermal administration, may enable antigen-sparing approaches. This review provides a comprehensive summary of the development and application of sIPV-containing combination vaccines, aiming to inform and guide ongoing vaccine research and development in China.

PMID 42503940
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PubMedVaccines2026-07-27

Parental Vaccine Hesitancy in the Post-COVID-19 Era: Results from a Cross-Sectional Survey in the United States, 2025.

Duza Syeda Sharmin SS, Blackburn Christine Crudo CC, Rico Mayra M, Boyce Matthew R MR

Background/Objectives: Vaccine hesitancy has long been recognized to pose a significant barrier to achieving optimal immunization coverage and as a leading public health threat. However, much of the existing research on parental hesitancy toward routine childhood vaccines was conducted prior to the COVID-19 pandemic. Acknowledging the impact that this public health emergency had on attitudes toward vaccination, there is a need to conduct additional research into contemporary predictors of parental vaccine hesitancy. Methods: We conducted a survey in August 2025 to characterize vaccine hesitancy attitudes in parents in the United States. A series of 10 statements about vaccines was presented to study participants, who were asked to indicate their agreement with the statements using 5-point Likert scales. A vaccine hesitancy index measure was then calculated by averaging the scores, where higher scores corresponded to higher levels of vaccine hesitancy. A hierarchical regression analysis was then conducted to identify participant characteristics that were associated with vaccine hesitancy. Results: A total of 1016 individuals were included in the analysis. Simple linear regression suggested that education, annual household income, and politics were associated with vaccine hesitancy. The fully adjusted multiple linear regression model that accounted for participant demographic, socioeconomic, geographic, and political characteristics suggested significant associations between race, education, and partisanship. Conclusions: Significant associations exist between parental vaccine hesitancy and race, education, and partisanship. These results contribute to our understanding of vaccine hesitancy in a post-COVID-19 world and suggest that social, educational, and political factors meaningfully influence parental vaccine hesitancy in the United States.

PMID 42506638
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