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ketoprofen (Diractin / ketoprofen, IDEA / Diractin)

✓ Approved

IDEA AG · PTGS1 · 小分子

什么是 ketoprofen？

ketoprofen 是一种小分子，由IDEA AG研发。该药已获批，用于治疗相关适应症，给药途径：Topical、Transdermal。

药物档案

商品名Diractin, ketoprofen, IDEA, Diractin
公司IDEA AG
药物类别小分子
分子靶点PTGS1, PTGS2
给药途径Topical, Transdermal
状态Approved
来源： ClinicalTrials.gov, IDEA AG

作用机制

分子靶点

ketoprofen 作用于 2 个分子靶点：

PTGS1prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 1 (COX3, PCOX1)
PTGS2prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2 (GRIPGHS, hCox-2)
需要更深入的分析？Noah AI 可解释复杂机制并与同类药物比较。

治疗适应症

ketoprofen 针对 1 个适应症，涉及 1 个治疗领域。

治疗领域疾病/病症分期
Musculoskeletal and connective tissue disordersMusculoskeletal pain✓ Approved

相关研究文献

PubMedPharmaceutics2026-10-27

Understanding the Role of Solvents in Hypromellose-Based Film-Forming Solutions for Topical Administration of Ketoprofen Through a Design of Experiments Approach.

Milinković Sandra S, Kurćubić Ivana I, Đuriš Jelena J, Đekić Ljiljana L

Background/Objectives: Topical ketoprofen gels are limited by the need for frequent reapplication, short skin residence time, and the risk of sunlight-induced photoallergic dermatitis. Film-forming solutions (FFSs) allow for extended retention; however, the solvents used may affect the polymer film's characteristics. The present study aimed to elucidate the effect of macrogol 400 and isopropanol and develop a hypromellose-based ketoprofen FFS using a design of experiments (DoE) approach. Methods: A 32 full factorial design was applied to investigate the effects of macrogol 400 (0-5%, w/w) (X1) and isopropanol (25-50%, w/w) concentrations (X2) on film mechanical properties (tensile strength (Y1), elongation at break (Y2), and Young's modulus (Y3)). The DoE-based placebo and ketoprofen-loaded FFSs were characterized for their physicochemical, rheological, and textural properties, while the corresponding films were evaluated for appearance, weight, stickiness, and mechanical properties. In vitro ketoprofen release from the drug-loaded FFS was also evaluated. Results: Macrogol 400 concentration was identified as a significant factor influencing film mechanical properties. As a film plasticizer, macrogol 400 improved film mechanical properties up to the optimal concentration (2.75%), whereas the water/isopropanol ratio mainly affected the applicative (rheological and textural) properties of the FFSs. Ketoprofen incorporation significantly reduced the film tensile strength and elongation at break. In vitro release testing demonstrated 58.52% ketoprofen release after 6 h, with the Weibull model showing the best fit to the release profile. Conclusions: Macrogol 400 and isopropanol have a complex, mutually conditioned influence on the application characteristics of hypromellose-based FFS and the mechanical characteristics of the films. Incorporation of ketoprofen into the selected placebo formulation significantly reduced film deformability but yielded a thin, transparent film with favorable in vitro drug-release characteristics. The developed FFS represents a promising topical dosage form for non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs and warrants further investigation, particularly in terms of skin retention and in vivo performance.

PMID 42942781
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PubMedPharmaceutics2026-10-27

Evaluation of Drug-Associated Phototoxicity Under 980 nm Near-Infrared Laser Irradiation in Human Dermal Fibroblasts.

Odrzywołek Wiktoria W, Rzepka Zuzanna Z, Bożek Małgorzata M, Beberok Artur A et al.

Background: Many widely used drugs-including non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, tetracyclines and thiazide diuretics-are labelled as photosensitising, yet their phototoxicity has been defined almost entirely by ultraviolet A (UVA) exposure. Whether this risk extends to the near-infrared (NIR) wavelengths of lasers commonly used in aesthetic medicine is unclear, and a history of such medication is often treated as a relative contraindication to laser procedures. Methods: A bibliometric analysis of 391 Scopus-indexed publications using VOSviewer was performed to quantitatively map the thematic structure of the retrieved literature. The bibliometric mapping was complemented by sequential refinement of the Scopus corpus and a focused assessment of the final records to determine whether studies directly addressing the predefined experimental question could be identified. We assessed whether 980 nm diode-laser irradiation of normal human dermal fibroblasts (HDFs) induces phototoxicity in the presence of seven photosensitisers (ketoprofen, meloxicam, hydrochlorothiazide, doxycycline and diclofenac, with chlorpromazine and 8-methoxypsoralen as reference photosensitizers). Cells were irradiated through the closed culture-plate lid at two fluences (62.3 and 34.4 mJ/cm and viability was measured 0.5, 1 and 24 h later. Data were analysed by two-way ANOVA (compound × laser), pairwise Welch tests with Benjamini-Hochberg correction, and equivalence testing against an ISO 10993-5-based margin. Results: Viability remained between 82.7% and 109.6% of control under all conditions and never fell below the 70% cytotoxicity threshold. The compound × laser interaction was non-significant at every time point (p = 0.25-0.69), indicating no drug-specific phototoxicity, and no pairwise comparison remained significant after correction. A small, drug- and fluence-independent reduction of about six percentage points was observed but stayed well within the non-cytotoxic range and was equally present in drug-free controls. Conclusions: Under the specific 980 nm irradiation conditions tested, the photosensitising drugs did not increase phototoxicity in normal human dermal fibroblasts. These findings support a wavelength-specific view of drug photosafety: rigorous UVA-directed photoprotection remains essential, whereas the tested drugs did not increase phototoxicity under the specific in vitro 980 nm irradiation conditions evaluated in this study.

PMID 42942792
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PubMedToxics2026-10-26

Ketoprofen Tolerance and Removal by Rhodococcus spp.

Polygalov Maxim A MA, Sorokin Vladimir V VV, Mulyukin Andrey L AL, Ivshina Irina B IB

Bacteria of the genus Rhodococcus are degraders of various ecotoxicants, including pharmaceuticals, yet their activity against ketoprofen-a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) frequently detected in aquatic environments-remains poorly explored. To address this gap, we assessed the tolerance and removal of ketoprofen across Rhodococcus strains from the Regional Specialised Collection of Alkanotrophic Microorganisms (official acronym IEGM, WFCC number 285). All 175 strains tolerated ketoprofen at minimum inhibitory concentrations far above reported environmental levels. Two particularly resilient strains, R. erythropolis IEGM 712 and R. qingshengii IEGM 746, sustained growth in ketoprofen-supplemented medium. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) examinations showed that most cells preserved structural integrity and morphology, while energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy and elemental mapping showed maintenance of K+ homeostasis. Over 14 days of cultivation in the mineral medium with n-hexadecane, these two strains removed 40-58% of ketoprofen. Exposure to ketoprofen altered cellular morphometry and surface charge (ζ-potential) and led to the formation of by-products with a predicted lower ecotoxicity than the parent compound. These findings underscore the potential of Rhodococcus strains for the bioremediation of ketoprofen.

PMID 42931632
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PubMedPhysical chemistry chemical physics : PCCP2026-10-26

Stereoselectivity of photoinduced interaction of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug S-ketoprofen with (L/D)-Trp-Leu-Pro-Phe peptide in solution studied by NMR, CIDNP and molecular dynamics simulation.

Selyutina Olga Yu OY, Polyakov Nikolay E NE, Molokoedov Alexander S AS, Sidorova Maria V MV et al.

The stereoselectivity of chiral drug interactions with enzymatic active sites and cellular receptors is a subject of significant scientific interest. This interest is driven, firstly, by the pronounced differences in the therapeutic activity of drug enantiomers and, secondly, by the emerging role of amino acid chiral inversion in peptides associated with pathologies such as Alzheimer's, Parkinson's, and type II diabetes. To probe the fundamental steps of such biomolecular interactions, electron transfer (ET) serves as a well-defined elementary chemical process. Prior investigations of photoinduced ET in chiral donor-acceptor dyads, incorporating (S)-ketoprofen and (L/D)-tryptophan, have revealed stereoselective and spin-selective phenomena. Extending this work, the present study examines the interaction of (S)-ketoprofen with the L- and D-enantiomers of tryptophan within the tetrapeptide tryptophan-leucine-proline-phenylalanine (WLPF), in homogeneous non-aqueous solutions. Utilizing NMR spectroscopy, chemically induced dynamic nuclear polarization (CIDNP) to detect transient paramagnetic intermediates, and molecular modeling, we have demonstrated that (S)-ketoprofen exhibits stereoselective interaction with the peptide epimers. Furthermore, it was shown that the D-epimer of the peptide has a greater tendency to aggregation than the L-epimer. The stereoselective light-induced formation of the ketoprofen ketyl radicals provides a plausible mechanistic basis for ketoprofen's phototoxic side effects.

PMID 42929292
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PubMedThe journal of pain2026-10-25

Comparison of Locomotor Depression and Spontaneous Pain-Related Behaviors Induced by Colon and Bladder Visceral Pain Models in Mice.

Negus S S SS, Carter N N, Kang M M, Palamar A A et al.

Visceral pain is a prevalent class of pain states that can depress normal behavior and reduce quality of life. Behavioral recovery is a goal of treatment, but pharmacotherapy is challenging, and refinement of preclinical visceral-pain endpoints could facilitate evaluation of novel candidate analgesics. Accordingly, the goal of the present study was to evaluate expression and treatment of pain-related locomotor depression in mouse models of visceral pain. Intracolonic 2,4,6-trinitrobenzenesulfonic acid (TNBS) and intraperitoneal cyclophosphamide (CYP) modeled colon and bladder pain, respectively, and these organ-targeted models were compared to intraperitoneal lactic acid (IP acid) as another more extensively evaluated visceral-pain model. Locomotion by male and female ICR mice was assessed in chambers with two compartments separated by a wire-mesh barrier that could be surmounted to cross between compartments. Primary dependent measures were vertical locomotion between compartments (Crosses) and horizontal locomotion represented by the sum of photobeam breaks within each compartment (Movement). Hunched posture and facial grimace were assessed as supplemental pain behaviors, and sensitivity of pain-related behaviors to the nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug ketoprofen and opioid agonist morphine were also examined. IP acid, TNBS, and CYP all produced depression of Crosses and Movement along with stimulation of hunched posture and grimace, although CYP effects were weaker than those of IP acid and TNBS. We have shown previously that IP acid effects can be blocked by ketoprofen and morphine, but both drugs were less effective against TNBS and CYP. The procedure described here could aid future efforts to discover improved pharmacotherapies for visceral pain. PERSPECTIVE: Visceral pain can depress normal behavior, and behavioral recovery is a treatment goal. This article compared locomotor depression produced by three visceral pain models in mice. All models depressed locomotion, but colon- and bladder-pain models were resistant to conventional analgesics. This procedure could aid development of improved visceral-pain pharmacotherapies.

PMID 42925907
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PubMedJournal of molecular graphics & modelling2026-10-25

Modified NSAIDs as potential inhibitors of phosphopeptide recognition by the BRCA1 tandem BRCT domain.

Abbas Saeef Mohammed Hasan SMH, Gladkikh Boris P BP

Small molecules that disrupt phosphopeptide recognition by the tandem BRCT (tBRCT) domain of BRCA1 are of interest as a means of suppressing homologous recombination (HR) repair and of sensitising tumor cells to poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase inhibitors (PARPi). Here we report an entirely computational design and prioritisation study of amide derivatives assembled from non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) fragments and intended to occupy the pSer-X-X-Phe recognition cleft of BRCA1 tBRCT. Fragments of ibuprofen, naproxen, flurbiprofen and ketoprofen were combined with chloro- and fluoro-substituted benzylamine or aniline fragments, with and without an intervening methylene linker, to give a library of 64 amides. The library was passed through a sequential in silico workflow: Glide standard-precision (SP) docking into the BRCA1 tBRCT-phosphopeptide structure (PDB 3K0H), Prime MM-GBSA rescoring, induced-fit docking (IFD), binding pose metadynamics (BPMD; ten independent 10 ns replicas per ligand) and triplicate 100 ns molecular dynamics (MD) simulations. Predicted complex structures and binding affinities were additionally obtained with the deep-learning model Boltz-2 across an ensemble of five independent seeds, together with predicted aligned error (PAE) maps. MM-GBSA binding free energies for the library ranged from -30.4 to -53.1 kcal/mol (mean -44.9 ± 3.8). Two compounds were carried forward: 1 (ibuprofen fragment, 2-chlorobenzylamide) and 33 (flurbiprofen fragment, 2-chlorobenzylamide). The static scores and the dynamical assessment rank the library differently: Bractoppin lies seventh of the 65 structures on MM-GBSA and both leads score below it, so the leads were selected on pose stability rather than on score. Comparison with the crystal structure shows that both ligands occupy the phosphopeptide cleft, with the chlorophenyl ring reproducing the position of the conserved Phe4 phenyl ring to within 1.8-2.3 Å. Reporting BPMD as a mean over the ten replicas together with its replica-to-replica spread shows that compound 33 was the only ligand of the 39 BPMD runs performed whose hydrogen-bond network was retained in every replica (per-replica persistence 0.667-0.940; PersScore 0.852 ± 0.090, PoseScore 1.76, CompScore -2.50); for all other ligands at least one replica lost these contacts completely. In triplicate 100 ns MD simulations compounds 1 and 33 maintained hydrogen bonds to Thr1700, Leu1701 and Asn1774 and an intermittent π-cation contact with Arg1835 and halogen contacts with Arg1699. Boltz-2 returned predicted pIC50 values (dimensionless, derived from the model's log10(IC50/μM) output) of 7.83 for compound 1 and 8.47 for compound 33, compared with 7.41 for the reference inhibitor Bractoppin, with interface confidence ipTM of 0.84 and 0.88 and complex pLDDT of 0.87 and 0.89, respectively. These differences are small relative to the reported error of the Boltz-2 affinity module and are therefore used only for qualitative ranking and not as evidence of stronger binding. In a re-docking test the protocol reproduces the crystallographic phosphopeptide pose to a heavy-atom RMSD of 1.79 A, the native configuration ranking second of 128 enumerated states, although the dianionic phosphate group is misplaced by more than 3 A. All data presented are predictive; no experimental measurements were performed. The study identifies two NSAID-derived amides as structurally plausible starting points for the development of BRCA1 tBRCT ligands, whose affinity, selectivity with respect to related BRCT domains and cellular activity remain to be established experimentally.

PMID 42925763
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