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salbutamol (Proventil HFA / Epaq / Airomir)

✓ Approved

Teva Pharmaceutical Industries Ltd. · ADRB2 · 小分子

什么是 salbutamol？

salbutamol 是一种小分子，由Teva Pharmaceutical Industries Ltd.研发。该药已获批，用于治疗相关适应症，给药途径：Inhaled、Topical。

药物档案

商品名Proventil HFA, Epaq, Airomir
公司Teva Pharmaceutical Industries Ltd.
药物类别小分子
分子靶点ADRB2
给药途径Inhaled, Topical
状态Approved
来源： ClinicalTrials.gov, Teva Pharmaceutical Industries Ltd.

作用机制

分子靶点

salbutamol 作用于 1 个分子靶点：

ADRB2adrenoceptor beta 2 (B2AR, ARB2)
需要更深入的分析？Noah AI 可解释复杂机制并与同类药物比较。

治疗适应症

salbutamol 针对 3 个适应症，涉及 1 个治疗领域。

治疗领域疾病/病症分期
Respiratory, thoracic and mediastinal disordersAsthma✓ Approved
Respiratory, thoracic and mediastinal disordersBronchitis chronic✓ Approved
Respiratory, thoracic and mediastinal disordersEmphysema✓ Approved

相关研究文献

PubMedPharmaceutics2026-10-27

Nebulized Aerosol Characteristics During Nasal High-Flow: Effect of Flow, Formulation and Impactor Temperature.

Yarragudi Sasi Bhushan SB, Vallipurayidathil Christina Koshy CK, Martin Andrew R AR, Tatkov Stanislav S

Background: Aerosol delivery during nasal high-flow (NHF) therapy occurs within a heated and humidified environment where formulation composition, NHF rate, and Next Generation Impactor (NGI)/system temperature may jointly influence aerosol behavior. However, their combined effects following NHF-conditioned transport remain incompletely characterized. Methods: A balanced 4 × 2 × 2 full-factorial design evaluated NGI/system temperature (5, 21, 37, and 40 °C), formulation (isotonic and 3% hypertonic salbutamol formulations), and NHF rate (30 and 50 L·min-1). Aerosols generated using a vibrating mesh nebulizer integrated within an NHF system were transported through an adult nasal replica coupled to an NGI. Particle-size, fine-particle, delivery-efficiency, and regional-deposition metrics were analyzed using factorial ANOVA. Results: NHF rate exerted the greatest influence on downstream aerosol delivery, with increasing NHF rate reducing delivery efficiency, Fine Particle Dose (FPD), and NGI deposition while increasing NHF circuit retention. Significant Temperature × Formulation × Flow interactions were observed for MMAD (p = 0.0055), D16 (p < 0.0001), GSD (p = 0.0009), Fine Particle Fraction (FPF) (p = 0.0042), and dose-normalized FPD (p = 0.0149). The hypertonic formulation exhibited greater thermal sensitivity across several particle metrics. Although increasing NGI/system temperature generally reduced MMAD, D16, and D84, similar reductions in MMAD frequently produced markedly different responses in FPF, FPD, delivery efficiency, and regional deposition. All aerosols remained within ranges commonly associated with pulmonary deposition. Conclusions: Aerosol characteristics during NHF are governed by interacting effects of flow, formulation, and NGI/system temperature. Measurements conducted at NGI/system temperatures approaching body temperature provide additional mechanistic insight, particularly for hypertonic aerosols, and support integrated assessment of particle-size, delivery, and deposition outcomes rather than APSD metrics alone.

PMID 42942767
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PubMedHeart rhythm O22026-10-27

Combined impact of paced QRS duration and right ventricular pacing burden on heart failure admission: Identifying clinical progression to stage C/D in pacemaker recipients.

Ueyama Takeshi T, Sugita Shoya S, Yoshida Masaaki M, Uchida Tomoyuki T et al.

Right ventricular (RV) pacing-induced dyssynchrony can lead to progressive left ventricular (LV) dysfunction. Although a decline in LV ejection fraction (LVEF) after pacemaker implantation is common, the transition to symptomatic heart failure (HF) requiring hospitalization (HF admission [HFA]) represents a more clinically meaningful progression to stages C/D. To determine whether paced QRS (pQRS) duration and RV pacing (RVp) burden independently or jointly predict HFA in pacemaker recipients followed with remote monitoring. We retrospectively analyzed 200 pacemaker recipients actively followed with remote monitoring. pQRS at implantation and RVp during follow-up were evaluated as markers of baseline electrical dyssynchrony and cumulative pacing exposure. The primary endpoint was HFA, whereas the secondary endpoint was all-cause mortality. During a median follow-up of 4.5 years, 27 patients (13.5%) developed HFA. Patients with HFA had longer pQRS (171 ± 18 vs 156 ± 20 ms, P < .001) and higher RVp (median 99% vs 38%, P = .002). In a multivariable Cox model, both pQRS of ≥168 ms (hazard ratio, 2.98, P = .011) and RVp of ≥20% (hazard ratio, 7.16, P = .009) and age independently predicted HFA. Neither pQRS nor RVp predicted all-cause mortality, which was associated only with age. pQRS and RVp jointly identify patients at high risk of progression from clinical to symptomatic HF (stages C/D). Although mortality in this population is primarily age-driven, HFA reflects a modifiable consequence of pacing-related dyssynchrony. Combined assessment of pQRS and RVp may facilitate early identification of high-risk patients who could benefit from closer monitoring or alternative pacing strategies.

PMID 42936091
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PubMedDiagnostics (Basel, Switzerland)2026-10-27

Prospective External Validation of the HFA-ICOS Baseline Cardiovascular Risk Classification in Women with Breast Cancer Receiving Anthracycline-Containing Therapy in a Central Asian Cohort.

Amanova Aiganym A, Zholdin Bekbolat B, Balmagambetova Saule S, Talipova Iliada I et al.

Background/Objectives: The HFA-ICOS baseline cardiovascular risk classification was developed to standardize pretreatment risk stratification before potentially cardiotoxic cancer therapy, but its external performance across diverse populations remains incompletely characterized. We prospectively evaluated its performance in women with breast cancer receiving anthracycline-containing therapy in Central Asia. Methods: This prospective single-center external validation study used data from the PREDICATE cohort (ISRCTN12628444). Participants were classified at baseline as being at low, moderate, high, or very high cardiovascular risk according to the HFA-ICOS classification before treatment and outcome ascertainment; the high- and very-high-risk categories were pooled for analysis because of small numbers. Participants underwent serial cardiovascular surveillance, including echocardiographic assessment of left ventricular ejection fraction and global longitudinal strain, together with serial cardiac biomarker measurements. The primary outcome was cancer therapy-related cardiac dysfunction (CTRCD), defined according to the 2022 ESC cardio-oncology criteria. Results: The analysis included 108 participants. CTRCD occurred in 43 of 108 participants (39.8%). The observed proportion of participants who developed CTRCD increased from 30.0% in the low-risk group to 47.5% in the moderate-risk group and 75.0% in the high/very-high-risk group (p = 0.026). Kaplan-Meier analysis demonstrated significant separation of CTRCD-free survival across HFA-ICOS risk categories (log-rank χ2 = 10.12; p = 0.006). Compared with the low-risk group, the hazard of CTRCD was higher in the moderate-risk group (hazard ratio [HR], 2.16; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.13-4.13) and high/very-high-risk group (HR, 3.59; 95% CI, 1.42-9.11). Discrimination was modest (area under the curve, 0.630; 95% CI, 0.530-0.724). Conclusions: The HFA-ICOS classification demonstrated a clear ordinal gradient in CTRCD risk and significant time-to-event separation but showed limited discrimination at the individual-patient level. It may guide initial risk stratification but should be complemented by longitudinal cardiovascular surveillance rather than used as a stand-alone predictor.

PMID 42938220
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PubMedNutrients2026-10-27

Association of Dysphagia and Oral Involvement with Growth and Nutritional Status in Pediatric Lipoid Proteinosis: A Prospective Cross-Sectional Study.

Teker-Duztas Demet D, An İsa İ

Lipoid proteinosis (LP) is a rare autosomal recessive genodermatosis characterized by oral and lingual involvement, frequently accompanied by dysphagia and recurrent oral ulcers. The relationships between these clinical manifestations and nutritional status or growth have not been clearly established. This study evaluated nutritional, growth, and micronutrient statuses in pediatric patients with LP and investigated their associations with dysphagia, oral ulcer frequency, and a composite oral involvement score. This prospective, cross-sectional, single-center study enrolled 30 pediatric patients with LP. Anthropometric measurements, laboratory results, and clinical data regarding oral involvement and dysphagia were collected. A study-specific composite oral involvement score (range: 0-4) was calculated based on restricted mouth opening, restricted tongue movement, presence of a thick or woody tongue, and active oral ulcers. Mean age was 8.44 ± 4.97 years; 66.7% were male, and all had parental consanguinity. Mean HFA and WFH/BMI z-scores were -1.44 ± 1.07 and -0.55 ± 1.28; stunting and wasting occurred in 26.7% and 6.7%. Active oral ulcers and dysphagia were present in 70.0% and 60.0%. Iron-deficiency anemia (33.3%) and vitamin D deficiency (16.7%) were the most common deficiencies. Patients with dysphagia had lower HFA z-scores (p < 0.001; Cohen's d = 1.91), which remained significant after Holm correction. The association between dysphagia and stunting did not remain significant after correction, and no other associations were found with dysphagia, oral ulcer frequency, or the composite oral involvement score. Dysphagia was associated with lower HFA z-scores in pediatric LP, whereas oral ulcer frequency and composite oral involvement were not. These exploratory findings suggest that swallowing function should be assessed during follow-up; larger multicenter prospective studies with standardized swallowing assessments are needed.

PMID 42943010
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PubMedAustralian prescriber2026-10-27

Management of acute hyperkalaemia: evidence, practice and pitfalls.

Ford Samuel S, Zipf Anna A, Williams Julian J

Acute hyperkalaemia is a medical emergency requiring rapid clinical evaluation. Point-of-care blood gas analysis may overestimate serum potassium concentration and should be confirmed with a laboratory sample unless urgent treatment is required. When ECG (electrocardiogram) changes are present, immediate cardiac protection is a priority. Current guidelines recommend administering intravenous 10% calcium gluconate to restore cardiac conduction velocity. Intravenous insulin rapidly shifts potassium into cells. It is given with intravenous dextrose to reduce the risk of hypoglycaemia. A reduced insulin dose can be considered in patients with significant kidney dysfunction. Salbutamol shifts potassium into cells and has a synergistic effect with insulin. Nebulised salbutamol administration offers similar efficacy to intravenous delivery with fewer adverse effects. The routine use of intravenous sodium bicarbonate or oral potassium binders is not recommended for immediate lowering of serum potassium in acute hyperkalaemia. Sodium bicarbonate should be reserved as an adjunctive treatment for patients with concurrent metabolic acidosis. Post-acute care focuses on addressing reversible triggers and, once hyperkalaemia resolves, restarting important drugs that can increase potassium concentrations, if their benefit outweighs the risk (e.g. renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system inhibitors).

PMID 42935704
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PubMedEnvironmental science & technology2026-10-27

Perspectives and Mitigation Methods for Underappreciated Amine Escape from CO2 Desorption.

Shao Lingyu L, Meng Yanlei Y, Yang Zhengda Z, Shen Yao Y et al.

Amine-based CO2 capture is increasingly limited by amine escape and aerosol emissions that drive solvent loss and secondary pollution. Research has focused on the absorber, leaving the desorption section─where intensive CO2 release, water-vapor entrainment, and rapid cooling coincide─overlooked as an escape source. Here, we combine molecular dynamics simulations with bench-scale experiments to resolve the mechanism and control of amine escape during CO2 desorption. Counter to absorber-side expectations, a CO2-rich atmosphere suppresses rather than promotes aerosol nucleation: elevated CO2 competitively disrupts the H2O-H2O hydrogen-bond network stabilizing water-centered nuclei, with stable clusters essentially absent at 75 vol % CO2. New aerosol formation is thus favored near the low-CO2 reboiler outlet, while cooling in the upper column grows preexisting aerosols. Measurements revealed an 82% decrease in the total amine concentration along the column, consistent with the descending rich solvent acting as an important amine sink, while preexisting aerosols continued to grow in the upper section. Guided by this mechanism, a combined mitigation strategy is proposed: a low-volatility solvent formulation lowered aerosol by 66% relative to MEA, increasing the rich-solvent CO2 loading offered a favorable trade-off, and upstream scrubbing-condensation captured residual species. Together, these measures reduced amine escape by over 99% (to <1.4 ppm) while increasing CO2 product purity. By reframing the desorber as a key emission unit, these results support strategies for reducing desorber-side amine and aerosol emissions.

PMID 42937510
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