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salbutamol (Proventil HFA / Epaq / Airomir)

✓ Approved

Teva Pharmaceutical Industries Ltd. · ADRB2 · 小分子

什么是 salbutamol？

salbutamol 是一种小分子，由Teva Pharmaceutical Industries Ltd.研发。该药已获批，用于治疗相关适应症，给药途径：Inhaled、Topical。

药物档案

商品名Proventil HFA, Epaq, Airomir
公司Teva Pharmaceutical Industries Ltd.
药物类别小分子
分子靶点ADRB2
给药途径Inhaled, Topical
状态Approved
来源： ClinicalTrials.gov, Teva Pharmaceutical Industries Ltd.

作用机制

分子靶点

salbutamol 作用于 1 个分子靶点：

ADRB2adrenoceptor beta 2 (B2AR, ARB2)
需要更深入的分析？Noah AI 可解释复杂机制并与同类药物比较。

治疗适应症

salbutamol 针对 3 个适应症，涉及 1 个治疗领域。

治疗领域疾病/病症分期
Respiratory, thoracic and mediastinal disordersAsthma✓ Approved
Respiratory, thoracic and mediastinal disordersBronchitis chronic✓ Approved
Respiratory, thoracic and mediastinal disordersEmphysema✓ Approved

相关研究文献

PubMedAmerican journal of cancer research2026-09-11

Aryl hydrocarbon receptor-dependent lipid droplet accumulation supports redox homeostasis in hypoxia-induced PCa cells.

Yao Yuan Y, Liang Shanshan S, He Tianji T, Ma Chenjun C et al.

Tumor cells in hypoxic environments generate large amounts of reactive oxygen species (ROS), and lipid droplets (LDs) play an essential role in maintaining redox homeostasis under these harsh conditions. The aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) is a member of the basic helix-loop-helix (bHLH) transcription factor superfamily that is closely associated with malignant tumor phenotypes. AhR has been shown to drive prostate cancer (PCa) cell growth, but the specific mechanistic basis for this effect remains unclear. In this study, we used a hypoxia-induced PC-3M cell model to explore the molecular pathways through which AhR promotes PCa progression. Significant LD accumulation was observed in hypoxia-induced PC-3M cells, and AhR knockdown inhibited LD formation, supporting a potential role for AhR in this process. AhR-dependent LD formation enhanced the ability of PC-3M cells to adapt to oxidative stress, as evidenced by reduced ROS production and a decreased NADP/NADPH ratio. AhR-dependent LD formation also alleviated mitochondrial dysfunction, as evidenced by increased membrane potential, reduced cell apoptosis, and decreased levels of active caspase-3. Treatment with the LD inhibitor PF-06424439 reversed these protective effects, as did DGAT2 knockdown. Mechanistically, AhR was found to activate the PI3K/AKT pathway through RAB3D, thereby promoting LD formation. Co-immunoprecipitation (Co-IP) experiments demonstrated that CYLD inhibits AhR activity by eliminating the K63-linked ubiquitination of AhR. In summary, under hypoxic conditions, these results indicate that AhR protects PCa cells from ROS-associated toxicity through the induction of LD formation.

PMID 42724686
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PubMedFrontiers in medicine2026-09-10

Clinical efficacy, safety evaluation, and mechanism of acetylcysteine in improving first-line anti-tuberculosis treatment of newly diagnosed pulmonary TB: an open-label, randomized, single-center trial.

Zhang Huan H, Liu Ming M, Shi Lu L, Wang Xianlei X et al.

To investigate the clinical efficacy, safety and mechanism of N-acetylcysteine combined with conventional antituberculosis drugs in the treatment of newly diagnosed pulmonary tuberculosis. A total of 90 newly diagnosed pulmonary tuberculosis patients were randomly assigned to a Control group (n = 30), Aerosol NAC group (n = 30), or Oral NAC group (n = 30). The Control group received standard HRZE therapy, whereas the Aerosol NAC and Oral NAC groups received additional nebulized N-acetylcysteine (300 mg twice daily) or oral N-acetylcysteine (600 mg once daily), respectively. Clinical efficacy, sputum conversion, St. George's Respiratory Questionnaire (SGRQ) scores, liver function indices, oxidative stress biomarkers, inflammatory markers, and adverse events were assessed over 3 months. Data were analyzed using one-way ANOVA, repeated-measures ANOVA, Chi-square tests, and Bonferroni-adjusted post hoc analyses. Treatment successful response rates were significantly higher in the Aerosol NAC group (96.67%) and Oral NAC group (93.33%) than in the Control group (70.00%) (p < 0.05). At 3 months, sputum conversion rates reached 93.33 and 96.67% in the Aerosol NAC and Oral NAC groups, respectively, compared with 73.33% in the Control group (p < 0.05). Both NAC groups demonstrated significantly lower SGRQ scores, improved liver function parameters (AST, ALT, TBIL, and GGT), higher antioxidant enzyme levels (SOD and GSH-Px), lower MDA concentrations, and reduced inflammatory markers (IFN-γ, PCT, and IL-4) compared with the Control group (all p < 0.05). The incidence of adverse reactions was lower in both NAC groups (10.0%) than in the Control group (40.0%) (p < 0.05). Adjunctive N-acetylcysteine, administered either by aerosol inhalation or orally, significantly improved treatment outcomes, accelerated sputum conversion, reduced oxidative stress and inflammation, protected liver function, and decreased adverse events in patients with newly diagnosed pulmonary tuberculosis.

PMID 42718567
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PubMedJournal of colloid and interface science2026-09-10

Effect of glass transition temperature on the final morphology of nanoparticle-laden aerosol droplets.

Haughton Sorrel K SK, Georgiou Panagiotis G PG, Mahato Lukesh K LK, Harniman Robert L RL et al.

The final morphology of spray-dried microparticles is a key factor in determining their chemical and physical properties, which are in turn important for pharmaceuticals, cosmetics and food manufacturing. It is well known that both the drying kinetics of evaporating droplets and the composition of the feed solution used to produce the aerosol droplets affect the morphology of the dried particles. Herein, the effect of varying the glass transition temperature of the core-forming block on the dried particle morphology is investigated for aqueous droplets containing bespoke diblock copolymer nanoparticles. Polymerization-induced self-assembly (PISA) was used to prepare spherical nanoparticles directly in the form of aqueous colloidal dispersions, with approximately constant hydrodynamic diameters of 73 to 86 nm and glass transition temperatures ranging from -30 to 93 °C. To study individual levitated aerosol droplets (mean radius = 28-36 μm), an electrodynamic balance was used to monitor their evaporation kinetics at relative humidities (RH) of 0 to 55%. A falling droplet column was used to dry the droplets under the same conditions and scanning electron microscopy was employed to examine how the evaporation kinetics and glass transition temperature of the nanoparticle cores influenced their final morphology. Atomic force microscopy was employed to visualize the surface topography of the nanoparticles and to assess their interfacial mechanical properties. Decreasing the RH led to a increased evaporation rate and caused a higher degree of buckling in the final dried microparticles. For dilute aqueous dispersions, the nanoparticles had no impact on the aerosol evaporation kinetics but sub-ambient glass transition temperatures led to softer dried microparticles that exhibited a greater degree of deformation.

PMID 42721668
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PubMedThe journal of physical chemistry. A2026-09-10

A Model to Derive Langmuir-Hinshelwood Parameters from Heterogeneous Uptake Experiments in a Fast Flow Reactor.

Demidov Egor V EV, Khalizov Alexei F AF

Heterogeneous interactions between reactive trace gases and aerosol particles alter both the atmospheric trace gas composition and the chemical properties of the participating particles. Incorporating these interactions into aerosol models requires kinetic parameters, which are often derived from uptake experiments in flow reactors and are typically limited to uptake coefficients. We present a framework that enables the extraction of a more fundamental set of kinetic parameters, including adsorption, desorption, and reaction rate constants, as well as the concentrations of adsorptive and reactive sites, directly from such uptake data. The framework is currently formulated for the Langmuir-Hinshelwood mechanism on a solid surface but can be readily extended to other mechanisms. The model for time-dependent gas-phase mass transfer and surface chemistry that this framework is based on was developed procedurally, starting from the most rigorous implementation and undergoing two major simplifications, enabling computationally efficient fitting to experimental data. Application of the framework was demonstrated by fitting the model to experimental uptake curves, deriving uptake coefficients and partitioning constants from fitted parameters at both experimental and atmospheric conditions. Finally, an analytical approach for predicting partitioning through reactive Langmuir-Hinshelwood uptake was derived that can improve the accuracy of treating partitioning in aerosol models at no additional computational cost.

PMID 42720386
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PubMedNature communications2026-09-10

Unexpectedly rapid SO2 heterogeneous reaction on the surface of vehicular brake wear particles.

Qi Fuyuan F, Liang Xiaoyu X, Zeng Yao Y, Qi Chaonan C et al.

Sulfate is a major aerosol component whose rapid growth in polluted air remains insufficiently explained. Here, we demonstrate that brake wear particles (BWPs), an emerging urban aerosol source, possess exceptional catalytic efficiency for SO2 oxidation and sulfate production under dark ambient conditions. Their SO2 uptake coefficient (up to 2.87 × 10-5) is orders of magnitude higher than those of mineral dust or soot. This remarkable reactivity originates from a self-sustained synergy between α-Fe2O3 and carbonaceous components: oxygen vacancies in α-Fe2O3 continuously activate atmospheric O2 and H2O to generate reactive oxygen species and Fe-OH for SO2 oxidation, while organics and elemental carbon promote H2O dissociation through proton abstraction and enhance SO2 adsorption at carbon defects, respectively. Together, these processes sustain cyclic catalysis and mitigate site deactivation. Our findings establish BWPs as a previously overlooked class of reactive aerosols, with broad implications for multiphase chemistry, atmospheric modeling, and air quality management.

PMID 42716925
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PubMedJournal of clinical microbiology2026-09-10

Breath aerosol PCR for detection of lower respiratory tract infections: evaluation of a non-invasive face mask collector in pneumonia patients.

Tiseo Katie K, Dräger Sarah S, Santhosh Kumar Harshitha H, Alkhazashvili Maia M et al.

Etiological diagnosis of lower respiratory tract infections (LRTIs) relies on sputum or bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL), which may be difficult to obtain or invasive. Exhaled breath aerosol (XBA) sampling offers a noninvasive alternative for pathogen detection. We evaluated the performance of the AveloMask, a face mask-based device designed to capture XBAs for molecular testing. In this prospective paired-sample study, hospitalized adults with pneumonia at three hospitals in Switzerland and Georgia provided an XBA sample using the AveloMask and a lower respiratory tract (LRT) specimen (sputum or BAL). XBA samples were analyzed by multiplex PCR using the Roche LightMix® panel, and LRT samples were tested using the BioFire® FilmArray® Pneumonia Panel. Concordance between XBA and LRT samples was assessed using positive percent agreement (PPA), negative percent agreement (NPA), and overall percent agreement (OPA). A total of 93 participants were enrolled, and 63 participants provided paired samples. AveloMask sampling identified the dominant pathogen (lowest Ct value in the LRT sample) in 40/47 LRT-positive cases (85.1%). Across all targets, PPA was 61% (95% CI, 50%-72%), NPA was 99.8% (95% CI, 99%-100%), and OPA was 95% (95% CI, 92%-96%). PPA was higher for bacteria than for viruses, and lower PPA was largely driven by reduced detection of low-abundance or co-infecting pathogens. In an exploratory subset analysis, AveloMask results overlapped with standard-of-care testing and may have informed antimicrobial decision-making. Breath aerosol sampling using the AveloMask enabled noninvasive molecular detection of LRT pathogens in pneumonia cases and may complement conventional standard-of-care testing, particularly when sputum is unavailable.IMPORTANCEPneumonia diagnosis often relies on sputum samples, which many patients cannot provide, or bronchoscopy, which is invasive. This study evaluated a user-friendly face mask that captures exhaled aerosols released during normal breathing and coughing for laboratory testing. In hospitalized patients with pneumonia, the mask identified the most abundant pathogen in most cases and was well tolerated in routine clinical care. These findings show that breath aerosol sampling could provide a practical, noninvasive complement to existing diagnostic methods, especially when sputum is unavailable or difficult to obtain. By making lower respiratory tract (LRT) sampling easier and more accessible, this approach could support faster, more targeted treatment decisions, reduce unnecessary antibiotic use, and expand opportunities for molecular diagnosis in hospitals and other healthcare settings.This study is registered with ClinicalTrials.gov as NCT06668883.

PMID 42721424
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