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salbutamol (Proventil HFA / Epaq / Airomir)

✓ Approved

Teva Pharmaceutical Industries Ltd. · ADRB2 · 小分子

什么是 salbutamol？

salbutamol 是一种小分子，由Teva Pharmaceutical Industries Ltd.研发。该药已获批，用于治疗相关适应症，给药途径：Inhaled、Topical。

药物档案

商品名Proventil HFA, Epaq, Airomir
公司Teva Pharmaceutical Industries Ltd.
药物类别小分子
分子靶点ADRB2
给药途径Inhaled, Topical
状态Approved
来源： ClinicalTrials.gov, Teva Pharmaceutical Industries Ltd.

作用机制

分子靶点

salbutamol 作用于 1 个分子靶点：

ADRB2adrenoceptor beta 2 (B2AR, ARB2)
需要更深入的分析？Noah AI 可解释复杂机制并与同类药物比较。

治疗适应症

salbutamol 针对 3 个适应症，涉及 1 个治疗领域。

治疗领域疾病/病症分期
Respiratory, thoracic and mediastinal disordersAsthma✓ Approved
Respiratory, thoracic and mediastinal disordersBronchitis chronic✓ Approved
Respiratory, thoracic and mediastinal disordersEmphysema✓ Approved

相关研究文献

PubMedJapanese journal of ophthalmology2026-07-27

Comparison of AIZE-EX and SITA-standard visual field measurements in patients with glaucoma.

Kano Kiyoshi K, Nomoto Hiroki H, Matsumoto Chota C, Kusaka Shunji S et al.

To compare visual field test results between the AIZE-EX strategy of the imo perimeter and Humphrey field analyzer (HFA) Swedish interactive threshold algorithm (SITA)-standard in glaucoma patients. Prospective cross-sectional study METHODS: This study included 52 eyes of 26 patients with glaucoma. Binocular testing with imo 24plus (1-2) AIZE-EX (78 test points) and HFA 30-2 SITA-Standard (76 test points) results obtained within 3 months were compared. Mean deviation (MD) and patter standard deviation (PSD) were recalculated from the 24-2 test points (54 points) and compared between devices. Agreement was assessed using cluster-robust t-test, Bland-Altman analysis, and equivalence testing using two one-sided tests (TOST); margin ±1.5 dB). MD was -7.89 ± 6.86 dB for AIZE-EX and -8.24 ± 7.13 dB for SITA-Standard (bias: +0.35 dB; 95% LoA: -4.04 to +4.73 dB; p = 0.342). PSD was 8.52 ± 4.15 and 8.20 ± 4.72 dB, respectively (bias: +0.32 dB; 95% LoA: -2.94 to +3.58 dB; p = 0.190). TOST confirmed equivalence for both MD (90% CI: -0.26 to +0.95 dB; p = 0.002) and PSD (90% CI: -0.09 to +0.72 dB; p < 0.001). Proportional bias was absent for MD (p = 0.405) but present for PSD (p = 0.012). Test time for both eyes was significantly shorter with AIZE-EX (7 min 39 s vs. 15 min 24 s; p < 0.001). MD and PSD values were comparable between the AIZE-EX and SITA-Standard derived from 24-2 test points, demonstrating clinical equivalence. Test time was substantially shorter with the AIZE-EX despite a greater number of points, supporting its use in routine glaucoma follow-up.

PMID 42507298
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PubMedBiosensors2026-07-27

Seasonal Variations and Indoor-Outdoor Characteristics of Fluorescent Aerosol Particles in Japanese Office Buildings.

Tsuchiya Shota S, Yanagi U U, Kim Hoon H, Shimonosono Kei K et al.

Fluorescent aerosol particles (FAPs) are widely used as a real-time proxy for primary biological aerosol particles; however, their seasonal characteristics and size-resolved distributions in office environments remain poorly understood. In this study, FAPs were measured in ten office spaces located in four distinct regions of Japan during summer and winter using a real-time Bioaerosol Sensor. Indoor and outdoor FAP concentrations, indoor/outdoor ratios, and the size-resolved FAP fraction were evaluated. Indoor FAP concentrations were generally below 100 particles per liter (p/L), although peak concentrations of 140 p/L in summer and 195 p/L in winter were observed. Significant seasonal differences were detected in most offices, with several buildings showing higher concentrations in winter. Many offices exhibited relative humidity levels below 40% during winter, suggesting that dry indoor conditions may have promoted particle resuspension and contributed to elevated FAP concentrations. Indoor-outdoor comparisons suggested contributions from both indoor sources and outdoor infiltration. The size-resolved FAP fraction increased markedly with particle size, with median indoor values reaching 40-74% for 2.0-5.0 μm particles and 96-100% for particles > 5.0 μm. These findings indicate that FAPs in office environments are strongly associated with coarse particles and exhibit substantial seasonal and building-dependent variability.

PMID 42505456
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PubMedEnvironmental science & technology2026-07-27

Inorganic Salts Modulate Spontaneous Interfacial H2O2 Formation in Surfactant-Containing Atmospheric Droplets.

Guo Zhongyu Z, Angelaki Maria M, Carreira Mendes Da Silva Yoan Y, Zhang Ruiqing R et al.

Hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) forms spontaneously at the air-water interface of atmospheric droplets, yet how this process is regulated in atmospherically relevant droplets containing surfactants remains unresolved. Here, by the gas-nebulization method, we generated droplets containing nonanoic acid (NA), a ubiquitous surface-active fatty acid in atmospheric aerosols, and systematically examined its influence on interfacial H2O2 formation. Increasing the NA concentration slightly suppressed H2O2 production primarily via scavenging its precursor •OH. Notably, as different inorganic salts were added to surfactant-containing droplets, H2O2 production displayed a distinct "V-shaped" trend with the salt concentration. This salt-induced "V-shaped" dependence closely mirrors surface tension variation reported for bulk surfactant solutions. Ab initio molecular dynamics simulations revealed that salt-induced deeper anchoring of the NA headgroup at the H2O2 minimum may enable optimal packing of NA, thereby increasing the interfacial NA concentration, enhancing •OH scavenging and suppressing H2O2 formation. Similar concentration-driven suppression is also observed for two charged surfactants, while salt responses diverge, with "V-shaped" behavior occurring only for headgroups capable of hydrogen bonding with interfacial water. These findings demonstrate that spontaneous H2O2 formation at droplet interfaces is governed by the coupled effects of inorganic salts and surfactants, which commonly coexist in atmospheric aerosol droplets.

PMID 42503707
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PubMedVaccines2026-07-27

Potential Roles of Gamma-Delta T Cells in a Bacterial Immun-Ization Model.

Talbot Lee Anne LA, Manjikian Raffi R, Bitsaktsis Constantine C

Background/Objective: Francisella tularensis is a highly infectious intracellular pathogen that causes severe pulmonary tularemia following aerosol exposure, yet no licensed vaccine exists. Because infection initiates at the respiratory mucosa, understanding mechanisms of protective pulmonary immunity is critical for mucosal vaccine development. This study investigated the role of lung-resident γδ T cells following intranasal immunization with inactivated F. tularensis (iFt) and subsequent lethal challenge with live vaccine strain (LVS). Methods: Mice were intranasally immunized with iFt and later challenged with lethal LVS. Pulmonary immune responses were evaluated using flow cytometry and cytokine analysis. Recruitment of γδ and αβ T cells, production of IL-17 and IFN-γ, neutrophil infiltration, and γδ T cell memory phenotypes were assessed in naïve and immunized mice following infection. Results: Primary LVS infection induced rapid recruitment of γδ T cells to the lung beginning on Day 2 post-infection, preceding significant αβ T cell accumulation. Increased pulmonary IL-17 and IFN-γ correlated with expansion of IL-17- and IFN-γ-associated γδ T cell populations. Following iFt immunization, mice demonstrated enhanced survival after lethal LVS challenge, accompanied by early increases in pulmonary IL-17 and IL-17 producing γδ T cells. Immunized mice also exhibited expansion of effector memory and central memory γδ T cell populations associated with IL-17 production. Conclusions: These findings identify IL-17 producing γδ T cells as contributors to early mucosal immunity following intranasal vaccination against F. tularensis and suggest that targeting lung-resident γδ T cells may support the development of next-generation mucosal vaccines against respiratory pathogens.

PMID 42506627
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PubMedTobacco induced diseases2026-07-26

Nicotine levels in emissions from heat sticks without tobacco exceed health-based advisory values: A chemical-analytical study.

Pauwels Charlotte G G M CGGM, Versluis Caroline C, Talhout Reinskje R, Havermans Anne A

Heated tobacco products (HTP) are tobacco-containing sticks that have been on the market for some time and are heated in a device to release a nicotine-containing aerosol for inhalation. Recently, new sticks have emerged that contain nicotine but no tobacco and are available in several flavors. These nicotine sticks closely resemble tobacco sticks in appearance and use, but contain nicotine, a non-tobacco carrier such as cellulose or Rooibos tea leaves, and other additives, including flavorings. As they do not contain tobacco, these products are currently not regulated under the European Union Tobacco Products Directive (EU TPD). Since the nicotine levels in these products are unknown, this study aimed to measure the nicotine concentrations in both the contents and emissions of nicotine heat stick brands marketed in the Netherlands. This chemical-analytical study was conducted in March 2025. Two flavor variants from two major brands were analyzed for nicotine content in both sticks and emissions. Emissions were generated and collected with a smoking machine following the World Health Organization (WHO) Intense regime. All extracts were analyzed for nicotine by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. All sticks contained nicotine (3.2-3.8 mg per stick), with no detectable 6-methylnicotine. Emissions analysis showed each stick released 0.7-1.0 mg nicotine under standardized conditions. Nicotine heat sticks without tobacco deliver nicotine doses comparable to HTPs. The measured levels exceed health-based advisory values for nicotine exposure from nicotine products without tobacco for inhalation, as reported by the Dutch National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), by a factor of 18-25. If these advisory values are implemented in tobacco legislation, nicotine heat sticks products will no longer be permitted. These limits would apply to all nicotine products without tobacco for inhalation that are not covered by the EU TPD, except e-cigarettes.

PMID 42502419
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PubMedJournal of colloid and interface science2026-07-25

Sub-50 nm colloidal nanoparticle quantification via liquid-to-aerosol conversion through control of non-volatile residue artifacts.

Pan Zhengyuan Z, Wang Shibo S, Troolin Daniel D, Romay Francisco J FJ et al.

Quantitative measurement of silica nanoparticles (NPs) in liquid, particularly below 20 nm, remains fundamentally constrained by background artifacts and detection limits that are poorly understood. Here, we identify and systematically resolve a commonly underrecognized limitation in liquid-to-aerosol nanoparticle metrology: interference from dissolved non-volatile residues (NVRs) that generate artifact aerosol modes and easily interfere with NP measurements. Through mechanistic analysis of droplet formation, NVR-derived size scaling, transport losses, and charge efficiency, we establish a quantitative framework that defines the measurable concentration and size limits of aerosolization-based nanoparticle characterization. By integrating droplet-size control (via impactor coupling and electrospray tuning) with liquid-phase purification, NVR-derived artifacts are largely suppressed, enabling clear resolution of target nanoparticle peaks down single-digit nanometer range. Unified correlation equations for silica and gold NPs are developed to account for transport losses and sample feeding rate, defining practical concentration limits. An aerosolization-CPC method that avoids particle loss in DMA classification was further evaluated. Finally, the aerosolization-based method with effective NVR control is validated in membrane filtration tests where bimodal 10/20 nm silica peaks are resolved for membrane retention quantification. This work establishes a transferable metrological framework that extends liquid-phase nanoparticle quantification beyond current limitations, providing operating guidelines for reliable sub-50 nm measurements using aerosolization-based techniques.

PMID 42497684
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