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rhIFN-alpha (ReliFeron)

✓ Approved

Reliance Life Sciences Private Limited · IFNAR2 · 重组蛋白

什么是 rhIFN-alpha？

rhIFN-alpha 是一种重组蛋白，由Reliance Life Sciences Private Limited研发。该药已获批，用于治疗相关适应症，给药途径：Injectable (Others)、Intramuscular (IM) Injection、Intravenous (IV)、Subcutaneous Injection。

药物档案

商品名ReliFeron
公司Reliance Life Sciences Private Limited
药物类别重组蛋白
分子靶点IFNAR2
给药途径Injectable (Others), Intramuscular (IM) Injection, Intravenous (IV), Subcutaneous Injection
状态Approved
来源： ClinicalTrials.gov, Reliance Life Sciences Private Limited

作用机制

分子靶点

rhIFN-alpha 作用于 1 个分子靶点：

IFNAR2interferon alpha and beta receptor subunit 2 (IFNARB, IFN-alpha-REC)
需要更深入的分析？Noah AI 可解释复杂机制并与同类药物比较。

治疗适应症

rhIFN-alpha 针对 8 个适应症，涉及 2 个治疗领域。

治疗领域疾病/病症分期
Neoplasms benign, malignant and unspecified (incl cysts and polyps)Hairy cell leukaemia✓ Approved
Infections and infestationsHepatitis B✓ Approved
Infections and infestationsHepatitis C✓ Approved
Neoplasms benign, malignant and unspecified (incl cysts and polyps)Kaposi's sarcoma✓ Approved
Neoplasms benign, malignant and unspecified (incl cysts and polyps)Non-Hodgkin's lymphoma✓ Approved

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PubMedMicroorganisms2026-10-27

SARS-CoV-2 Gamma Variant In Vivo Model Demonstrates Severe Pathogenicity and Unique Transcriptomic Signatures Compared to Alpha, Delta, and Omicron Variants.

Marim Fernanda Martins FM, Fonseca Paula Luize Camargos PLC, Pascoaloti Maria Inês Mantuani MIM, Paz E Silva Aryel Beatriz AB et al.

Since 2019, SARS-CoV-2 variants of concern (VOCs), Alpha, Gamma, Delta, and Omicron, have exhibited distinct transmissibility and severity profiles. In Brazil, Gamma caused high mortality pre-vaccination, yet its underlying pathological mechanisms remain poorly understood. We evaluated VOC pathogenesis in K18-hACE2 transgenic mice (n = 8/group) by integrating clinical monitoring, lung histopathology, immunohistochemistry (F4/80, Ly-6G, CD4, CD8, Spike), and transcriptomics. Alpha, Gamma, and Delta induced severe weight loss, high clinical scores, and 100% mortality within seven days, whereas Omicron caused milder outcomes and survival despite similar pulmonary viral loads (107-108 copies/µL). Histopathology showed intense inflammation and hyperemia across all VOCs, with hierarchical clustering revealing a unique profile for Gamma. Transcriptomics identified 117 core upregulated genes, but Alpha and Gamma modulated a broader gene set. Gamma upregulated components of the alternative complement pathway (Cfb), heightened inflammatory mediators, and downregulated tissue adhesion genes. These results demonstrate that the Gamma variant phenotype is driven by extensive transcriptomic remodeling, whereas Omicron elicits an attenuated response, providing key insights into variant-specific mechanisms.

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PubMedSensors (Basel, Switzerland)2026-10-27

Tablet-Camera Iris Landmarks and EEG/PPG-Derived Arousal Indices During Naturalistic Reading: Geometric Confounding and Exploratory Within-Subject Associations.

Ko Sujin S, Park Jaepyo J, Whang Mincheol M, Kim Dongkook D et al.

Arousal, the activation dimension of the valence-arousal circumplex, indexes alertness and engagement independently of pleasantness. We evaluated whether MediaPipe FaceLandmarker iris landmark distances from a tablet camera estimate electroencephalography (EEG)- and photoplethysmography (PPG)-derived arousal markers during naturalistic reading. Recordings from 48 participants yielded 43,923 thirty-second windows. Raw iris distances correlated with EEG alpha (r=+0.118) and theta (r=+0.076), but face scale explained 93% of their variance. After face-width normalisation, alpha remained associated (r=+0.076), whereas theta was not statistically significant. Further adjustment for ocular luminance and head pose rendered alpha nonsignificant (r=+0.021, p=0.33). Circular-shift testing identified alpha coupling in 11/48 participants under full control, versus 28/48 using uncorrected Pearson tests. Within-subject Ridge regression, with no raw sample shared between the training and test windows, yielded a nonsignificant group mean correlation (r=+0.078, p=0.07); 13/48 participants had individually significant prediction-reference associations (11 positive), fewer when the PPG term was restricted to filter-consistent beats. Both counts are exploratory, nominal and uncorrected across participants, and come from different analyses. Neither establishes prospective monitoring performance, and the study does not validate the landmark distance as a pupil measure.

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Prevalence of Decisional Regret and Associated Risk Factors in Patients With Hepatitis B Undergoing Pegylated Interferon Alpha Therapy.

Lin Yufen Y, Xiong Huan H, Yi Shuanglian S, Xie Shanshan S

Pegylated interferon alpha has been shown to enhance the likelihood of achieving a functional cure in patients with hepatitis B. However, it was associated with a greater number of contraindications and adverse reactions compared with nucleotide analogs. Current research has placed comparatively less emphasis on the potential for this treatment to induce decision regret among patients. The aim of this study was to investigate the current status of decision regret in hepatitis B patients undergoing interferon therapy and to explore its influencing factors. A cross-sectional study was conducted in a comprehensive hospital in Xiamen, Fujian Province, China, from February 20 to June 13, 2024. The study recruited hepatitis B patients undergoing treatment with pegylated interferon alpha. The survey encompassed general information, the All Aspects of Health Literacy Scale, the Perceived Social Support Scale, the Control Preferences Scale, the Decisional Conflict Scale, and the Decision Regret Scale. A total of 130 questionnaires were analyzed. Only 13.85% of patients had no regrets at all about the decision, 34.60% experienced mild regret, and the proportion of patients with moderate to severe regrets reached 51.50%. Mild impact on life, active decision-making roles, passive decision-making roles, and decision conflict were the influencing factors of decisional regret in hepatitis B patients on pegylated interferon alpha therapy, which together explained 29.6% of the total variation. Hepatitis B patients undergoing pegylated interferon alpha therapy had a high percentage of decisional regret. Healthcare professionals should pay close attention to this phenomenon. In the future, they can investigate additional potential influencing factors and promptly develop intervention strategies to effectively reduce decision regret.

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PubMedAnimals : an open access journal from MDPI2026-10-27

Coronavirus Diversity in an Italian Bat Population Sampled During the Pandemic in 2020.

Vaccari Gabriele G, Bartolo Ilaria Di ID, Dorigo Luca L, Dreon Angelo Leandro AL et al.

Evolutionary studies have established a correlation between human and bat coronaviruses (CoV), identifying bats as the natural reservoir for Coronaviridae. Over the past two decades, three major zoonotic spillover events have been described: Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome CoV (SARS-CoV) and Middle East Respiratory Syndrome CoV (MERS-CoV), which caused significant global outbreaks, and SARS-CoV-2, which triggered the COVID-19 pandemic. Despite these events, the true diversity of coronavirus species harbored by bats remains largely unmapped, even as the discovery of novel strains continues to accelerate. In this study, we analyzed 37 fecal swab samples collected in Northern Italy, targeting the bat genera Miniopterus, Myotis, and Rhinolophus. Coronaviruses were detected using a pan-coronavirus (Pan-CoV) nested RT-PCR in five bat samples: three tested positive for Alphacoronaviruses (Alpha-CoVs) and two for Betacoronaviruses (Beta-CoVs). Positive samples were subjected to Pan-CoV Illumina next-generation sequencing (NGS), and two samples yielded sufficient read depth for robust contig assembly. Phylogenetic analysis revealed the co-circulation of three distinct Alpha-CoVs within a Miniopterus schreibersii (M. schreibersii) fecal sample and the presence of a SARS-CoV-related strain in a Rhinolophus hipposideros (R. hipposideros) fecal sample. Both the Alpha-CoVs and the Beta-CoVs were most closely related to European strains. These findings confirm the widespread circulation of diverse CoVs in Italian bats and underscore the need for continued molecular epidemiological surveillance to unravel the full extent of CoV heterogeneity in European wildlife.

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Radiopharmaceuticals and theranostics: reshaping cancer diagnosis and therapy with targeted radionuclides.

Zulfiqar Humaira H, Waqas Muhammad M, Ali Ijaz I

The theranostic paradigm, combining molecular diagnosis and targeted radionuclide therapy in a single platform, has revolutionized precision oncology. Radiopharmaceutical theranostics enables targeted visualization, characterization, and treatment of malignancies through tumor-associated molecular targets, including prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA), somatostatin receptors (SSTR), and fibroblast activation protein (FAP). The approvals of 177Lu-DOTATATE (Lutathera®) for GEP-NETs and 177Lu-PSMA-617 (Pluvicto®) for mCRPC are groundbreaking advances that have triggered exponential growth in the field: the VISION study showed a 38% reduction in the risk of death with 177Lu-PSMA-617, and NETTER-1 a 79% reduction in the risk of progression with 177Lu-DOTATATE in midgut NETs. Beyond beta emitters, targeted alpha therapy (TAT) with actinium-225, radium-223, and lead-212 is emerging as a powerful strategy to overcome beta-particle resistance, as the high linear energy transfer of alpha particles delivers greater cytotoxicity even in radioresistant tumors. Novel targets such as FAP, CXCR4, HER2, and gastrin-releasing peptide receptor (GRPR) are further diversifying the theranostic armamentarium across malignancies. This review synthesizes the current status of the field, spanning the radiobiology of targeted radionuclide therapy, clinical evidence from pivotal and ongoing trials, alpha-emitting radioisotopes, next-generation radioligands, the growing role of AI-enabled personalized dosimetry, and combination therapies with immunotherapy, PARP inhibitors, and androgen-receptor pathway inhibitors. We also address current challenges heterogeneous target expression, dose-limiting toxicities, radionuclide supply-chain constraints, and the regulatory framework as well as future directions poised to expand the theranostic paradigm to a broader range of cancers.

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Niosomal Mexiletine Attenuates Rotenone-Induced Parkinsonism via Modulation of the circDLGAP4/miR-134-5p/p-CREB Axis and Restoration of Mitochondrial-Autophagic Homeostasis.

Raafat Eman M EM, Alanazi Fares Farhan FF, Alanazi Sarah Khalifah SK, Mansour Yara E YE et al.

Background: Parkinson's disease (PD) is distinguished by progressive dopaminergic degeneration driven by the convergence of oxidative stress, neuroinflammation, mitochondrial dysfunction, and impaired autophagy. Mexiletine (Mexil), which has demonstrated antioxidant properties, has not been systematically investigated yet for its potential to mitigate mitochondrial-dysfunction-related neurodegeneration in PD. Using an integrated computational and experimental approach, we characterized, for the first time, the neuroprotective mechanisms of Mexil's action against rotenone (Rot)-induced Parkinsonism and employed niosomes as a nanocarrier platform to enhance mexil delivery and augment its neuroprotective potential in a Parkinson's disease model. Methods: Molecular docking identified candidate molecular targets underlying niosomal Mexil's neuroprotective potential. Sprague-Dawley male rats were assigned to control, Rot, and Rot plus niosomal Mexil (30 and 50 mg/kg) groups. Motor performance was evaluated, while dopaminergic degeneration, oxidative stress, neuroinflammation, mitochondrial dysfunction, and autophagy were assessed biochemically, histopathologically, and immunohistochemically. Results: Docking revealed promising interactions between Mexil and both phosphorylated cAMP response element-binding protein (p-CREB) and alpha-synuclein, with binding scores of -5.2 and -4.9 kcal/mol, respectively. Niosomal Mexil improved motor function, restored dopamine and tyrosine hydroxylase levels, and curtailed alpha-synuclein accumulation. Most notably, niosomal Mexil engaged a previously unexplored circular RNA DLGAP4/microRNA-134-5p/p-CREB axis, promoted mitochondrial biogenesis via the phosphorylated AMP-activated protein kinase (p-AMPK)/peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma coactivator 1-alpha (PGC-1α)/sirtuin-1 (SIRT-1) pathway, and rebalanced mitochondrial dynamics. These changes were accompanied by restored autophagic axis and suppressed oxidative stress and inflammation. Conclusions: Niosomal Mexil confers neuroprotection against Rot-induced Parkinsonism by orchestrating oxidative, mitochondrial, autophagic, and inflammatory pathways, positioning it as a mechanistically novel disease-modifying candidate warranting further preclinical evaluation in PD.

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