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lamivudine + raltegravir (MK 0518B / Dutrebis / MK0518B)

✓ Approved

Merck & Co. · · 小分子

什么是 lamivudine + raltegravir？

lamivudine + raltegravir 是一种小分子，由Merck & Co.研发。该药已获批，用于治疗相关适应症，给药途径：Oral (PO)。

药物档案

商品名MK 0518B, Dutrebis, MK0518B
公司Merck & Co.
药物类别小分子
给药途径Oral (PO)
状态Approved
来源： ClinicalTrials.gov, Merck & Co.

作用机制

分子靶点

lamivudine + raltegravir 作用于 1 个分子靶点：

gag-pol, HIV-1 (gag-pol)
需要更深入的分析？Noah AI 可解释复杂机制并与同类药物比较。

治疗适应症

lamivudine + raltegravir 针对 1 个适应症，涉及 1 个治疗领域。

治疗领域疾病/病症分期
Infections and infestationsAcquired immunodeficiency syndrome✓ Approved

相关研究文献

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21‑Valent Pneumococcal Conjugate Vaccine V116 (CAPVAXIVE®): Pediatric First Approval.

Shirley Matt M

The 21‑valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV) V116 (CAPVAXIVE®), developed by Merck & Co., has been approved in the USA since June 2024 for active immunization for the prevention of pneumonia and invasive disease caused by Streptococcus pneumoniae in adults, with subsequent approvals in adults in the EU and a range of other countries. With the inclusion of eight S. pneumoniae serotypes that are not included in other currently licensed pneumococcal vaccines, V116 was designed to target residual pneumococcal disease in adults. Noting that some of the unique serotypes in V116 are responsible for significant pneumococcal disease in children and adolescents, the potential value of V116 in also complementing existing pediatric pneumococcal vaccination regimens has been explored. Supported by phase III clinical evaluation in children and adolescents with an increased risk of pneumococcal disease, in March 2026, V116 received its first pediatric approval, in the EU, for active immunization for the prevention of invasive disease and pneumonia caused by S. pneumoniae in children and adolescents 2 to < 18 years of age who previously completed a primary pediatric pneumococcal vaccination regimen. Subsequently, in June 2026, the US approval for V116 was extended to include use in individuals 2-17 years of age who are at increased risk for pneumococcal disease. This article summarizes the milestones in the development of V116 leading to these first pediatric approvals for active immunization for the prevention of invasive disease and pneumonia caused by S. pneumoniae.

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PubMedLangmuir : the ACS journal of surfaces and colloids2026-07-27

Atomically Dispersed Fe Doping in Co@CoO/NC Core-Shell Hybrids as Efficient Four-Electron Oxygen Reduction and Antipoisoning Electrocatalysts for Use in Direct Methanol Fuel Cells.

Jia Xiaomeng X, Dong Kaiyu K, Zheng Zhe Z, Sheng Tian T et al.

Nonprecious metal oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) electrocatalysts have garnered increasing attention owing to their extremely low cost compared with Pt-based electrocatalysts. However, realizing the four-electron pathway and developing highly antipoisoning nonprecious metal ORR electrocatalysts are key challenges in practical energy devices. Herein, atomic-level Fe doping was applied to Co@CoO core-shell nanoparticles anchored in a porous carbon-nitrogen framework (denoted Fe-Co@CoO/NC) derived from FeCoZn metal-organic frameworks. The Fe-Co@CoO/NC exhibits a half-wave potential of 0.895 V in an alkaline medium, superior to that of commercial Pt/C (0.842 V), and high in situ methanol and CO tolerance. In situ spectroscopic characterizations and Rotating Ring-Disc Electrode (RRDE) investigations reveal that four-electron ORR is achieved using Fe-Co@CoO/NC through O-O bond breaking in OOH* intermediate species. In addition, density functional theory calculations show that compared with Pt, Fe-CoO effectively suppresses H2O2 generation and favors a more advantageous four-electron reaction pathway. Fe-Co@CoO/NC as a cathode material for direct methanol fuel cells (DMFCs) reaches a peak power density of 113.7 mW·cm-2, markedly outperforming commercial Pt/C (72.0 mW·cm-2). This work provides an effective strategy for preparing high-efficiency nonprecious metal four-electron ORR catalysts with intrinsic tolerance to methanol and CO for DMFC devices.

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PubMedMedical sciences (Basel, Switzerland)2026-07-27

Trends in Co-Prescribing Opioids and Gabapentinoids Among Medicare Beneficiaries, 2017 to 2022.

Raji Mukaila M, Sujit Aashnika A, Westra Jordan J, Rajagopal Shilpa S et al.

Co-prescribing opioids and gabapentinoids (GABA, gabapentin and pregabalin) is associated with increased risk of falls, fractures, opioid overdose and deaths. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) in 2016 and the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) in 2019 recommended caution in such co-prescribing. A key step in updating policy and revising prescribing guidelines aimed at reducing opioid and GABA co-use and its associated consequences is a thorough understanding of the prescriber and the patient factors associated with co-use. We thus examined national trends and patterns in opioid and GABA co-prescribing among Medicare beneficiaries from 2017 to 2022. We conducted a retrospective study of Medicare beneficiaries with ≥90 consecutive days of opioid use from 2017 to 2022. The study outcome was GABA use during the 90-day opioid use episode. A multivariable logistic regression model was constructed to examine the patient, prescriber and prescription factors associated with receiving a GABA prescription. Our sample comprised 8035 opioid-only and 2818 opioid and GABA users. Non-cancer (e.g., back and neuropathic) pain was a more common diagnosis in the opioid and GABA cohorts than in the opioid-only cohorts. The opioid-GABA co-prescribing rate did not substantially change (2017: 24.5%, 2019: 28.2% and 2022: 25%). Co-prescribing rates were higher in non-white patients, those on Medicaid and Medicare, and those whose initial Medicare entitlement was not based on age. Tramadol and hydrocodone were the most prescribed opioids. Approximately 33% of opioid and GABA users started with an initial daily GABA dose of ≥1200 mg. In the 12-month lookback period, patients on opioids and GABA had nearly 17 clinic visits to approximately 8 different providers. Factors associated with co-prescribing were seeing pain physicians (odds ratio = 1.29, 95% confidence interval-[CI] = 1.11-1.50), having more healthcare encounters (6-11 visits, odds ratio-[OR] = 1.19, 95% CI = 1.02-1.39; 12-19, OR = 1.20, 95% CI = 1.00-1.43; 20+, OR = 1.27, 95% CI = 1.03-1.57) and seeing >10 providers (OR = 1.40, 95% CI = 1.12-1.73). One in four Medicare beneficiaries with long-term opioid use received opioid and GABA prescriptions. Our findings of association in co-prescribing with multiple visits to different clinics/prescribers can inform the development of public health policy and practice guidelines (e.g., prescription-drug monitoring program checks within electronic medical records, EMR alerts with opioid and GABA co-prescribing) to potentially reduce opioid and GABA prescriptions and associated adverse outcomes.

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PubMedJournal of fungi (Basel, Switzerland)2026-07-27

An ABC-B Transporter Helps Protect Fusarium graminearum Against Enniatin Toxicity.

Harris Linda J LJ, Bosnich Whynn W, Johnston Anne A, Schneiderman Danielle D et al.

Fusarium graminearum and F. avenaceum often co-contaminate Canadian durum wheat grain, resulting in the co-deposition of species-specific mycotoxins, including trichothecenes produced by F. graminearum and enniatins produced by F. avenaceum. These mycotoxins pose significant risks to human and animal health. Although these fungi commonly co-occur in infected wheat, relatively little is known about how they interact during host infection. Interactions between the two species were examined using co-inoculation experiments on durum wheat spikes. In pathology trials, co-inoculations often reduced both disease severity and trichothecene accumulation compared with inoculations of F. graminearum alone, despite F. graminearum greatly out-competing F. avenaceum in total fungal biomass. Transcriptomic profiling identified strong induction of the F. graminearum ABC transporter gene FgABCB8 during co-inoculation with an enniatin-producing F. avenaceum strain. When F. graminearum was grown in vitro, FgABCB8 was induced upon exposure to F. avenaceum culture filtrate, or the related cyclohexadepsipeptides enniatin B1 or beauvericin. Heterologous expression of FgABCB8 in yeast provided partial protection against enniatin and beauvericin toxicity. Gene disruption of FgABCB8 increased F. graminearum sensitivity to enniatins. These findings demonstrate that FgABCB8 expression enhances the ability of F. graminearum to tolerate enniatin-producing fungi.

PMID 42506285
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Mapping Support-Seeking After Cancer Treatment: A Co-Designed Model of Triggers, Timing and Support Pathways in Young People with Lived Experience of Cancer.

Collaço Nicole N, Kennington Anna A, Greenberg Natalie N, Imber Tara T et al.

Post cancer treatment, many young people often live with ongoing emotional, social, and physical difficulties, but support is not always accessed when it is needed. This study aimed to co-produce a conceptual model of support-seeking after cancer treatment with young people with lived experience of cancer, to better understand the triggers, timing, and pathways influencing engagement with support. This co-design work, informed by Bird et al.'s generative framework for co-production, built upon a prior study involving interviews and co-design workshops with young people and healthcare/allied health professionals, and informed a preliminary model of support-seeking. The current work involved two further co-production stages through an online survey and workshop to refine this model. Data were analysed using a thematic approach to support conceptual model development. Four interconnected themes shaped support-seeking: (1) readiness to engage: recognition, emotional readiness, and relational safety; (2) access and appraisal of support: visibility, fit, feasibility, and burden; (3) pathways to support: multi-modal, layered, and non-linear engagement; and (4) support trajectory: changing needs and recurrent engagement. Engagement in support-seeking depended on the alignment of readiness, recognition of need, and relational safety. This model offers a framework to improve how post-treatment support is designed and delivered in practice.

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Application of a Super-Multiplex Microfluidic qPCR System for Detection of Respiratory Pathogens in Patients With Influenza-Like Illness.

Huang Yuan Y, Gao Yanhong Y, Li Yuchang Y, Song Ganji G et al.

Respiratory tract infections (RTIs) pose a major diagnostic challenge, complicated by multiple microbial etiologies. Conventional low-throughput methods may underestimate the prevalence and impact of co-infections. This study aimed to evaluate a novel super-multiplex microfluidic qPCR system for comprehensive 49 target pathogens screening and co-infection analysis in patients with influenza-like illness (ILI). Throat swab samples (n = 288) were collected from febrile patients in Beijing during the spring of 2025. All samples were tested using the super-multiplex microfluidic qPCR chip, with a subset (n = 96) validated by conventional qPCR to determine analytical sensitivity, specificity, and Cohen's kappa. The assay demonstrated an overall pathogen detection rate of 66.32%. Influenza A virus (IAV) was the most prevalent pathogen, identified in 50.00% of all samples and constituting 70.69% of single infections, followed by SARS-CoV-2 (14.24%) and Epstein-Barr virus (EBV, 11.81%). Co-infections were frequent (39.27% of positive cases), predominantly dual (23.04%) and triple (10.47%) infections. Notably, IAV was implicated in 84.0% of co-infections. The microfluidic qPCR showed high concordance with conventional qPCR (sensitivity 91.07%, specificity 92.50%, κ = 0.83, indicating almost perfect agreement). This study reveals a complex respiratory pathogen landscape dominated by IAV and marked by frequent polymicrobial co-infections. The super-multiplex microfluidic qPCR chip is a reliable, high-throughput platform that effectively addresses the need for improved detection of co-infections, offering valuable insights for both clinical decision-making and public health surveillance.

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