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caffeine citrate (Cafnea)

✓ Approved

Phebra · 小分子 · 小分子

什么是 caffeine citrate？

caffeine citrate 是一种小分子，由Phebra研发。该药已获批，用于治疗相关适应症，给药途径：Injectable (Others)、Oral (PO)。

药物档案

商品名Cafnea
公司Phebra
药物类别小分子
给药途径Injectable (Others), Oral (PO)
状态Approved
来源： ClinicalTrials.gov, Phebra

治疗适应症

caffeine citrate 针对 1 个适应症，涉及 1 个治疗领域。

治疗领域疾病/病症分期
Respiratory, thoracic and mediastinal disordersApnoea✓ Approved

相关研究文献

PubMedMetabolites2026-07-27

Pre-Exercise Caffeine as a Modulator of Exercise-Induced Acute Cardiometabolic Responses: A Narrative Review.

Geng Haifeng H, Zhou Zhibo Z, Meng Lingfei L, Zhuang Mingnan M et al.

Caffeine is among the most widely used supplements in sports nutrition, with substantial evidence supporting its efficacy for enhancing athletic performance. However, the relevance of pre-exercise caffeine supplementation extends beyond its ergogenic effects. Exercise itself acts as an acute cardiometabolic stressor, eliciting dynamic responses in blood pressure, heart rate, vascular tone, substrate utilization, and glucose regulation. Caffeine may further modify the magnitude, temporal profile, and recovery kinetics of these responses. This focused narrative review examines the acute cardiometabolic responses associated with pre-exercise caffeine supplementation and its potential regulatory effects. It outlines the underlying biological mechanisms, including adenosine receptor antagonism, hemodynamic and vascular pathways, and metabolic and substrate-utilization pathways, while synthesizing current evidence from the literature. Available evidence indicates that the acute effects of caffeine are highly context dependent. In some exercise settings, caffeine may promote lipolysis and fat oxidation; in others, particularly among susceptible individuals or under specific exercise conditions, it may be associated with greater acute cardiovascular or autonomic load, reflected by higher peripheral vascular resistance and blood pressure, altered vascular reactivity, or delayed post-exercise autonomic recovery. Its effects may vary according to dose, timing, supplement form, exercise modality and intensity, training status, habitual caffeine intake, genotype, sex, and hormonal status. Overall, pre-exercise caffeine should not be regarded solely as a uniformly beneficial ergogenic aid, but rather as a physiological modulator that may reshape the acute cardiometabolic milieu during and after exercise. Future studies should integrate hemodynamic, vascular, metabolic, and individual-variability measures over extended observation periods to support more evidence-based and individualized guidance on the appropriate use of pre-exercise caffeine.

PMID 42506430
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PubMedJournal of fungi (Basel, Switzerland)2026-07-27

Transporter Engineering for Enhancing Citric Acid Production in Aspergillus niger.

Li Jie J, Li Mingyang M, Song Yan Y, Xu Zeyu Z et al.

The efficient industrial production of citric acid by A. niger requires overcoming the limitations of substrate uptake and citrate export on the citrate synthesis efficiency. This study addresses these obstacles using a transporter engineering strategy, modifying the endogenous high-affinity glucose transporter MstF and citrate exporter CexA. The "push-pull" strategy was used to improve citric acid production by increasing glucose import and citrate export. A single overexpression of mstF improved citric acid production, reaching 179.35 g/L in the H7 strain. However, cexA high expression impaired dense mycelium pellet formation and affected the expression of key genes, resulting in reduced citric acid production. For balancing intracellular accumulation and secretion of citrate, simultaneous overexpression of mstF and cexA increased citric acid production and efficiency. In a 30 L fermenter, strain A5 achieved a citric acid titer of 185.91 g/L, a productivity of 3.21 g/h/L, and a shortened fermentation cycle. Collectively, these results provide a reference for the industrial production of citric acid and other organic acids.

PMID 42506234
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PubMedBiosensors2026-07-27

Elucidating the Mechanism of Interactions Between Aminoglycosides and AuNPs: Why the Classical Colorimetric Assay May Falsely Report Aptamer Affinity.

Liang Yaning Y, Fang Shiyi S, Chen Zhuoer Z, Chen Yuzhuo Y et al.

Gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) are widely used in aptasensors because of their high extinction coefficient and aggregation-dependent color differences. However, recent studies have indicated that nonspecific interactions between target molecules and AuNPs may dominate the detection signal rather than aptamer-target specific binding. This study systematically investigated the interactions between 13 aminoglycoside antibiotics and AuNPs. We found that all aminoglycoside antibiotics interacted strongly with AuNPs, considerably reducing their salt stability. Furthermore, methoxy polyethylene glycol thiol reversed AuNP aggregation induced by aminoglycoside antibiotics, indicating that it occurs at the secondary minimum. Using density functional theory, we analyzed the molecular structures and charge distribution characteristics of the aminoglycoside antibiotics, elucidating that they replace citrate ions on AuNP surfaces via a ligand exchange mechanism, thereby inducing aggregation. Additionally, both aptamer targets and complementary DNA struggled to desorb the aptamer (KAN6-1) from the AuNP surfaces. Our study demonstrates that the label-free colorimetric assay based on aggregation of unmodified citrate-AuNPs is neither suitable for characterizing the binding affinity of aminoglycoside aptamers nor viable for constructing corresponding colorimetric sensors to detect this class of antibiotics. Thus, researchers should incorporate mechanistic verification and rigorous controls when employing this system to ensure reliable results.

PMID 42505464
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PubMedBiomimetics (Basel, Switzerland)2026-07-27

Long-Term Influence of Endodontic Irrigants on In Vitro Dentin Biomimetic Remineralization.

Taddei Paola P, Di Foggia Michele M, Spinelli Andrea A, Gandolfi Maria Giovanna MG et al.

Endodontic irrigant solutions act as crucial pretreatment conditioning agents in dentin biomimetic remineralization, preparing the collagen scaffold for calcium phosphate infiltration and subsequent tooth structure reconstruction. In this study, root dentin discs were exposed for 10 min to five irrigant solutions: sodium hypochlorite (NaClO, 3%), EDTA (17%), citric acid (CA, 10%), chlorhexidine (CHX, 2%), and an innovative experimental formulation containing citric acid (7%) and surfactants. Samples were then aged in Hank's Balanced Salt Solution (HBSS) at 37 °C for three months to simulate long-term clinical conditions. Physicochemical modifications of the collagen and apatite phases were assessed at each experimental stage using ATR-FTIR spectroscopy, with the ACaP/AAmide I and A870/ACaP absorbance ratios as markers of the degree of mineralization and apatite carbonate content, respectively. Results indicated that CHX- and EDTA-treated dentin exhibited the highest remineralization after ageing, while NaClO impeded remineralization due to collagen degradation. The experimental irrigant produced the most pronounced demineralization, followed by CA; however, it also facilitated significant remineralization, attributed to citrate-collagen binding and surfactant-enhanced apatite nucleation. NaClO selectively degraded collagen and increased apatite crystallinity; CA inhibited apatite nucleation through adsorbed citrate ions, and CHX and EDTA induced minimal alterations. These findings provide molecular-level evidence linking short-term irrigant effects to the long-term potential for dentin biomineralization, with direct implications for irrigant selection in regenerative endodontic protocols. It should be noted that this study was conducted on dentin discs obtained from a single tooth; all findings should therefore be regarded as preliminary and require confirmation in studies with larger, biologically independent sample sizes.

PMID 42505506
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PubMedNanomaterials (Basel, Switzerland)2026-07-27

Gold Nanoparticles Embedded in PEDOT:PSS for Enhanced Hole Injection and Negligible Exciton Quenching in OLEDs.

Ning Yijun Y, Zhao Suling S, Ma Yingzhuang Y, Guo Xin X

Gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) can improve hole injection in OLEDs but may also induce LSPR-related optical perturbation and exciton quenching. To exploit their hole-injection-promoting effect while suppressing possible exciton quenching, AuNPs with diameters of 3.5-4.0 nm were synthesized by citrate reduction and doped into PEDOT:PSS as a hole injection layer modifier. Photoluminescence measurements revealed absorption-related wavelength-dependent optical perturbation from exposed AuNPs, with the strongest effect on red emission and only a minor effect on blue emission. AuNPs embedded in PEDOT:PSS caused only slight changes in PL spectra and PL decay behavior, indicating that obvious exciton quenching was avoided. OLEDs with AuNP-doped PEDOT:PSS exhibited reduced turn-on voltages and increased maximum current efficiencies from 22.4 to 27.0 cd/A, 7.64 to 15.6 cd/A, and 16.8 to 29.0 cd/A for blue, red, and green devices, respectively. These results indicate that sub-5 nm AuNPs embedded in PEDOT:PSS can improve device performance by enhancing hole-injection capability, while their wavelength-dependent exciton-quenching effect is negligible.

PMID 42506475
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PubMedGels (Basel, Switzerland)2026-07-27

Storage and Stability of AAV-Containing Fibrin Hydrogels for Retinal Gene Therapy.

Berger Aubrey A, Knudsen Travis T, Kopp Francesca F, Korda David D et al.

Subretinal and intravitreal injection of retinal gene therapy is associated with serious adverse events and poor efficacy. We sought to improve retinal gene therapy delivery by developing fibrin hydrogel encapsulated adeno-associated virus (FE-AAV). Here we investigate conditions for storage and stability for FE-AAV. FE-AAV containing 1.9 × 109 genome copies of AAV2/2-CMV-GFP was manufactured using fibrinogen reconstituted in 0.01 M sodium citrate, pH 7 (NaC) or phosphate-buffered saline containing 0.001% (v/v) Pluronic F68 (F68). Samples were stored at either -80 °C or 4 °C for up to 16 weeks. Changes in transduction efficiency, and mechanical and physical properties were evaluated. In vitro transduction was significantly (p < 0.05) reduced for FE-AAV manufactured with NaC. In contrast, we observed no change in transduction through 16 weeks for FE-AAV made with F68. Physical changes occurred in FE-AAV stored at -80 °C. In contrast to FE-AAV formulated with NaC, FE-AAV formulated with F68 and stored at 4 °C for 16 weeks was essentially equivalent to freshly made FE-AAV and retained the ability to transduce retinal pigment epithelial (RPE) cells in the pig eye. We conclude that FE-AAV formulated with F68 and stored at 4 °C is stable and shows potential for retinal gene therapy for at least 4 months following manufacture.

PMID 42505274
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