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adjuvants (ImmuMax / ImmuMax SR / adjuvants, Repros)

✓ Approved

Repros Therapeutics Inc. · 小分子 · 小分子

什么是 adjuvants？

adjuvants 是一种小分子，由Repros Therapeutics Inc.研发。该药已获批，用于治疗相关适应症，给药途径：Unknown。

药物档案

商品名ImmuMax, ImmuMax SR, adjuvants, Repros
公司Repros Therapeutics Inc.
药物类别小分子
给药途径Unknown
状态Approved
来源： ClinicalTrials.gov, Repros Therapeutics Inc.

治疗适应症

adjuvants 针对 1 个适应症，涉及 1 个治疗领域。

治疗领域疾病/病症分期
Surgical and medical proceduresOral appliance application✓ Approved

相关研究文献

PubMedJournal of virology2026-07-27

Rapid and robust immune response boosting with potent, next-generation adjuvant in viral vector-primed primates.

King Hannah A D HAD, Subra Caroline C, Tourtellott Emily E, Swafford Isabella I et al.

To identify strategies for augmenting vaccine immunogenicity, we compared a pox-protein prime-boost regimen comprising recombinant modified vaccinia virus Ankara and multimeric HIV-1 Env gp145, adjuvanted with Army Liposomal Formulation (ALF) either adsorbed to aluminum salt (ALFA) or formulated with the QS-21 saponin (ALFQ), in rhesus macaques. ALFQ promoted greater magnitude and more durable humoral and cellular immune responses than ALFA, which exhibits similar immunogenicity to aluminum-based adjuvants. Peak Env-specific CD4+ T cell responses assessed by intracellular cytokine staining were 10-fold greater with ALFQ, and CD8+ T cell responses were unexpectedly robust, averaging greater than 1%. ALFQ induced higher levels of several immunostimulatory cytokines in plasma, which correlated with adaptive immune responses. However, vaccination did not protect against heterologous intrarectal challenge with transmitted/founder SHIV-CH505. We provide evidence that CH505 Env may maintain a relatively closed conformation, rendering it less susceptible to targeting by Fc-mediated antibody functions. Overall, ALFQ is a promising adjuvant to improve antibody and T cell response magnitude.IMPORTANCEAn effective and durable vaccine preventing HIV-1 acquisition is urgently needed to end the HIV-1 pandemic. To date, of the nine vaccine efficacy trials conducted in humans, only the RV144 vaccine trial demonstrated efficacy in reducing infections, although immune responses waned rapidly. We evaluated a modified HIV-1 vaccine regimen incorporating next-generation adjuvants to improve immune responses and vaccine efficacy in a gold standard, pre-clinical primate model. Adjuvanted protein boosting markedly increased antibody, T cell, and pro-inflammatory response magnitude. These data, combined with the adjuvant's strong safety and immunogenicity track record in clinical trials, indicate that novel adjuvants represent a promising strategy for improving immune responses to protein immunogens. Future vaccine regimens against HIV-1 and other pathogens for which eliciting robust immunity has been difficult may benefit from incorporating these or related next-generation adjuvants.

PMID 42505121
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PubMedVaccines2026-07-27

Vaccine Responses in Early Age.

Parvathaneni Swetha S, Sakai Jiro J, Liu Lunhua L, Akkoyunlu Mustafa M

Neonates and infants exhibit fundamentally distinct immune responses compared to adults, resulting in increased susceptibility to infectious diseases and reduced vaccine efficacy. These age-specific responses are characterized by developmental constraints affecting both adaptive and innate immunity. T cell-independent (TI) responses to polysaccharide vaccines are severely impaired due to reduced transmembrane activator and calcium-modulating cyclophilin ligand interactor (TACI) expression on neonatal B cells, while T cell-dependent (TD) responses are compromised by Th2 bias in the CD4+ T cell compartment, and by restricted T follicular helper (Tfh) cell development. Emerging data suggest that cytokines such as IL-6 have completely opposite effects on Tfh cell development between adults and neonates. Germinal center (GC) B cell responses are further constrained by delayed follicular dendritic cell (FDC) maturation, impaired B cell receptor (BCR) signaling, and elevated frequencies of IL-10-producing regulatory B cells. The overall immunosuppressive phenotype associated with early age extends to the neonatal innate immune system as exhibited by altered dendritic cell (DC) subset distribution, decreased IL-12p70 production, lower expression of MHC class II and co-stimulatory molecules, and increased IL-10 secretion. To overcome these immune constraints, various adjuvants that are shown to enhance immune response to vaccines in adults are considered for early age vaccines. Although some of these adjuvants show promising results in animal experiments, mechanistic studies need to be conducted in detail since adult and neonatal in vivo environments may dictate different outcomes between the two age groups, especially because early-life adjuvant exposure may have long-lasting effects on immune system programming. Elucidation of age-specific immune responses to vaccines and adjuvants will help develop age-tailored strategies to develop safe and effective pediatric vaccines.

PMID 42506666
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PubMedInsects2026-07-27

Laboratory Toxicity and Field Efficacy of Four Microbial-Derived Pesticides Combined with Two Adjuvants Against Lygus pratensis (Hemiptera: Miridae).

Lu Wei W, Li Ruihao R, Yan Xiang X, Gao Hailong H et al.

Systematic field data on adjuvant-amended microbial-derived pesticides against L. pratensis in arid, high-ultraviolet cotton regions remain scarce. This study systematically evaluated the laboratory toxicity and field efficacy of four kinds of microbial-derived pesticides (abamectin, emamectin benzoate, B. bassiana, and M. anisopliae) and their combinations with adjuvants against L. pratensis in Xinjiang cotton fields. As a comprehensive regional study, this work elucidates the differential enhancement patterns of d-limonene and mineral oil on antibiotic insecticides and entomopathogenic fungi, providing targeted field data for pesticide reduction strategies. The laboratory toxicity of seven microbial-derived pesticides was determined using the leaf-tube residual film method. Four effective agents were selected and combined with d-limonene or mineral oil for field efficacy trials. Abamectin and emamectin benzoate exhibited rapid and high insecticidal activity, with 48 h LC50 values of 1.198 mg/L and 3.424 mg/L, respectively. The two entomopathogenic fungi exhibited slower insecticidal activity than the chemical insecticides but maintained relatively stable control effects throughout the observation period. In field trials, when abamectin or emamectin benzoate was applied at a 30% reduced rate in combination with mineral oil or d-limonene, the control efficacy was equivalent to or higher than that of the full-rate application of the pesticide alone. The treatment of abamectin (4.20 g a.i./hm2) plus mineral oil achieved the highest control efficacy (89.24%) at 3 days post-treatment. For B. bassiana and M. anisopliae, reduced-rate adjuvant-amended treatments showed numerically higher initial and residual efficacy than the full-rate single-agent fungal treatments. The treatment of M. anisopliae (7.35 × 1012 spores/hm2) plus d-limonene reached 70.50% efficacy at 7 days post-treatment, which was significantly higher than that of the full-rate fungal treatment alone. No phytotoxicity symptoms were observed on cotton plants. Under the tested conditions, the rational combination of microbial-derived pesticides with appropriate adjuvants demonstrates the potential for a 30% reduction in pesticide dosage while maintaining or improving field efficacy, providing region-specific reference for the sustainable management of L. pratensis in Xinjiang cotton fields.

PMID 42505862
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PubMedVaccines2026-07-27

GnRH-Based Immunocastration Vaccines: Comparative Analysis and Role in Boar Taint Reduction.

Kim Jisang J, Skwarczynski Mariusz M, Stephenson Rachel J RJ

Boar taint is a persistent challenge in pork production, caused primarily by the accumulation of androstenone and skatole in adipose tissue. It affects 5-40% of uncastrated male pigs and is perceived negatively by a substantial proportion of consumers, with skatole detectable by almost all individuals. Traditional surgical castration effectively prevents boar taint but is increasingly criticized on animal welfare grounds. Immunocastration using gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) vaccines has emerged as a promising alternative, providing reversible suppression of reproductive function while maintaining growth efficiency. This review integrates current knowledge on the biochemical basis of boar taint, evaluates the performance of commercial vaccines such as Improvac® and GonaCon®, and examines economic, regulatory, and consumer factors influencing adoption. Immunocastration presents limitations due to variability in immune responses, the need for multiple doses, and challenges related to public perception. To address these challenges, intensive research is underway on single-dose formulations, precision adjuvants, and advanced delivery technologies, all of which are expected to drive the next generation of immunocastration vaccines.

PMID 42506678
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PubMedMarine drugs2026-07-27

A Structure-Activity Relationship Study of Trypargine and Opacaline β-Carbolines.

Chen Dan D, Rouvier Florent F, Brunel Jean Michel JM, Copp Brent R BR et al.

The marine environment represents a rich source of novel antimicrobial compounds. This study investigated the isolation and synthesis of antimicrobial agents from the New Zealand ascidian Pseudodistoma opacum to identify natural products and derivatives with potential pharmacological applications. Screening of a marine natural product library and related synthetic analogues revealed several compounds exhibiting antibiotic-potentiating activity in combination with doxycycline against Pseudomonas aeruginosa. To further explore these findings, the most active natural product, opacaline A (1), was synthesized, and a structure-activity relationship (SAR) study was conducted to identify key structural features required for activity. This work reports the first total synthesis of opacaline A (1) and racemic 7-bromohomotrypargine (3). Biological evaluation demonstrated that the presence of a bromine substituent and a free amine or guanidine group is essential for both intrinsic antimicrobial activity and antibiotic potentiation. Additionally, both oxidation states of the β-carboline ring (aromatic and tetrahydro-) were found to retain activity. These findings provide insight into the structural requirements for activity and support further development of these compounds as antimicrobial adjuvants.

PMID 42505988
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PubMedZhonghua yu fang yi xue za zhi [Chinese journal of preventive medicine]2026-07-27

[Research progress in combination vaccines containing sabin strain inactivated poliovirus vaccine].

Fu Y X YX, Cai L K LK, Liang J L JL, Zhao T T et al.

Sabin strain inactivated poliovirus vaccine (sIPV), derived from attenuated Sabin poliovirus strains, has emerged as a promising alternative to both oral poliovirus vaccine (OPV) and conventional inactivated poliovirus vaccine (cIPV). It eliminates the risk of vaccine-associated paralytic poliomyelitis (VAPP) and the emergence of vaccine-derived polioviruses (VDPVs). In addition, sIPV demonstrates superior biosafety and vaccine safety during production and administration compared with cIPV. The integration of sIPV into combination vaccines with other routine immunization antigens can reduce the number of injections and streamline immunization schedules, making sIPV-containing combination vaccines a key focus of recent research. Japan launched the world's first sIPV-containing tetravalent vaccine in 2012, followed by the introduction of an sIPV-containing pentavalent vaccine in 2024. In China, a standalone sIPV was licensed in 2015, and multiple sIPV-containing combination vaccines are currently in clinical trials or preclinical development. The primary challenges for these vaccines include antigen compatibility within combination formulations and the scalability of sIPV production. Future strategies, such as the use of innovative adjuvants and intradermal administration, may enable antigen-sparing approaches. This review provides a comprehensive summary of the development and application of sIPV-containing combination vaccines, aiming to inform and guide ongoing vaccine research and development in China.

PMID 42503940
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