recombinant FSH (FostiRel)

Therapeutic Potential of Bone Marrow-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells in A Letrozole-Induced Rat Model of Polycystic Ovary Syndrome.

M Abou-El-Naga Amoura A, Younes Elarby Nada N, El-Dusoky Sara S, Fayad Eman E et al.

Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a prevalent metabolic and reproductive disorder and one of the leading causes of infertility. Bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (BM-MSCs) possess anti-inflammatory properties and have shown potential in alleviating PCOS manifestations in experimental models. This study aimed to evaluate the therapeutic efficacy of transplanted BM-MSCs and BM-MSC-derived culture media in a letrozole (LTZ)- induced PCOS rat model. The experimental study was conducted on 50 female Sprague Dawley rats aged (4-6 weeks) and weighing (100-120 g), using a LTZ-induced PCOS model. Animals were randomly assigned to 4 groups, including control, PCOS, BM-MSC-treated, and BM-MSC culture media-treated groups. BM-MSCs were isolated from (bone marrow) and administered via (tail vain) at a dose of (1×106 BM-MSC). Blood samples were collected to measure hormonal and metabolic parameters (insulin, androgen, progesterone, estrogen, follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), and luteinizing hormone (LH) using [enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) technique). Ovarian tissues were analyzed by for histopathological and immunohistochemical methods to assess [key markers, e.g., follicular development, tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF), and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF)]. The PCOS group exhibited hormonal imbalance, metabolic disturbance, and ovarian dysfunction. BMMSC treatment significantly reduced insulin (P=0.003) and androgen levels (P=0.040), while restoring progesterone (P=0.003), estrogen (P=0.007), FSH (P=0.009), and LH (P=0.001) to near-normal levels. BM-MSCs markedly improved both metabolic and reproductive parameters, effectively restoring fertility in the PCOS model. Treatment with BM-MSC-derived culture media produced partial improvement but did not fully reverse PCOS manifestations. BM-MSCs improved ovarian structure and function, ameliorating both metabolic and reproductive dysfunction in the PCOS rat model. BM-MSC transplantation yielded the most favorable outcomes, whereas BM-MSCderived culture media alone provided incomplete therapeutic benefits.

Short-Term Adverse Events Following Recombinant Zoster Vaccination in Older Adults in Australia: A Survey Study Comparing Dose 1 and Dose 2 and Influence of Dose Interval.

Dawes Lucy L, Nguyen Thuy T, Macartney Kristine K, Deng Lucy L

Self-reported adverse events following first and second recombinant zoster vaccination (RZV) doses in older adults (n = 41,069) collected through AusVaxSafety were analysed. Adverse event rates were higher following Dose 2 (54%; 95% CI, 53%-54%) than after Dose 1 (45%; 95% CI, 45%-46%), particularly with 3-6- and 7-9-month dose intervals, although medical review rates remained low (1.1%; 95% CI, 1.0%-1.2%), suggesting RZV is reactogenic but with no serious outcomes.

Letter to the Editor Regarding "Comparative Efficacy of Recombinant C1 Inhibitor Versus Sebetralstat for On-Demand Treatment of Hereditary Angioedema Attacks: A Matching-Adjusted Indirect Treatment Comparison".

Hummel Noemi N, Kopiec Agnieszka A

Epidemiological and molecular characterization of recombinant clade 2.5 lumpy skin disease virus in beef cattle across Thailand.

Sripipattanakul Phurida P, Phyu Eaint Min EM, Nasamran Chanakarn C, Chaiyawong Supassama S et al.

Lumpy skin disease (LSD), caused by lumpy skin disease virus (LSDV), is an economically important transboundary cattle disease that emerged in Thailand in 2021. Despite its rapid nationwide spread, comprehensive epidemiological and molecular information on subsequent outbreaks remains limited. This study investigated LSDV occurrence and associated animal-level factors in Thai beef cattle during the 2022 outbreaks and characterized circulating viruses using molecular and phylogenetic analyses. A cross-sectional study was conducted from July to December 2022 on 208 beef cattle farms across 27 provinces of Thailand. In total, 482 cattle, including clinically affected and asymptomatic animals, were examined, and 523 samples comprising 387 hair and 136 skin lesion samples were collected. LSDV was detected by polymerase chain reaction targeting the RPO30 gene. Associations between LSDV positivity and epidemiological factors were evaluated using logistic regression. Seventeen representative LSDV-positive samples were selected for RPO30 and GPCR gene sequencing and phylogenetic analysis. Overall, 358/482 (74.27%) cattle were LSDV-positive, including 304/405 (75.06%) clinically affected and 54/77 (70.13%) asymptomatic cattle. Weaners and calves had higher odds of LSDV positivity than adults, with adjusted odds ratio (aOR) of 1.89 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.02-3.69; p = 0.049) and 1.73 (95% CI: 1.01-3.01; p = 0.048), respectively. Vaccinated cattle had lower odds of positivity than unvaccinated cattle (aOR = 0.62; 95% CI: 0.39-0.98; p = 0.041). Skin lesion samples showed higher positivity (91.91%) than hair samples (69.77%). All 17 characterized Thai LSDVs showed 100% nucleotide identity within the RPO30 and GPCR genes and clustered within recombinant clade 2.5, closely related to strains circulating in China and Southeast Asia. A characteristic 12-bp insertion was identified in the GPCR gene. The high LSDV positivity in both clinically affected and asymptomatic cattle demonstrates widespread viral circulation during the 2022 outbreaks. Younger age was associated with increased positivity, whereas vaccination was protective. The genetic uniformity and clade 2.5 clustering support regional circulation of closely related recombinant LSDVs. These findings emphasize sustained vaccination, molecular surveillance, animal movement control, and regional cooperation for effective LSD prevention and control.