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mixed amphetamine salts extended release (Adderall XR / Adderall, Microtrol / MAS XR)

✓ Approved

Shire · SLC18A2 · 小分子

什么是 mixed amphetamine salts extended release?

mixed amphetamine salts extended release 是一种小分子,由Shire研发。该药已获批,用于治疗相关适应症,给药途径:Oral (PO)。

药物档案

商品名Adderall XR, Adderall, Microtrol, MAS XR
公司Shire
药物类别小分子
分子靶点SLC18A2
给药途径Oral (PO)
状态Approved

作用机制

分子靶点

mixed amphetamine salts extended release 作用于 1 个分子靶点:

SLC18A2solute carrier family 18 member A2 (SVMT, VAT2)
需要更深入的分析?Noah AI 可解释复杂机制并与同类药物比较。

治疗适应症

mixed amphetamine salts extended release 针对 1 个适应症,涉及 1 个治疗领域。

治疗领域疾病/病症分期
Psychiatric disordersAttention deficit hyperactivity disorder✓ Approved

相关研究文献

PubMedInorganic chemistry2026-07-27

Functionalization of β-Alkylcorrole Using Ag(I) Salts.

Marsotto Martina M, Pomarico Giuseppe G, Stefanelli Manuela M, Troiani Anna A et al.

To date, the coordination chemistry of β-alkylcorroles is significantly less developed than that of their triaryl analogues. To address this gap, we investigated the seemingly straightforward synthesis of silver complexes of β-alkylcorroles, employing a procedure previously reported for Ag(III) insertion into meso-triarylcorroles. However, when AgOAc was used as the silver source in pyridine, the reaction resulted in the formation of oxidation products, specifically oxocorroles. In acetonitrile, a broader distribution of products was observed, yielding compounds in addition to oxocorroles. Characterization through UV-vis spectroscopy, 1H NMR, mass spectrometry, and single-crystal X-ray crystallography revealed the formation of an acetate-functionalized oxocorrole, along with a second species resulting from simultaneous silver insertion and acetate incorporation at the meso-position. Substituting AgOAc with AgNO2 demonstrated a marked time dependence: rapid and complete meso nitration occurred within minutes, while extended reaction times also facilitated silver insertion into the preformed trinitrocorrole free base. The use of silver salts with non-nucleophilic anions (e.g., AgPF6 and AgNO3) did not yield either metalation or meso-functionalization. These results suggest that the coordination of the silver ion into the corrole core is almost permitted only after peripheral substitution, highlighting the distinct reactivity of alkylcorroles compared to their triaryl counterparts.

PMID 42504884
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PubMedGels (Basel, Switzerland)2026-07-27

Protocol-Dependent Effects on Colloidal Characterization and Drug Loading/Release Analysis of Thermosensitive PNIPAM-co-COOH Microgels.

López-Molina José J, Garrido-Rodríguez Alba A, Tirado-Miranda María M, Bastos-González Delfi D et al.

This work analyzes protocol-dependent effects on the colloidal characterization and drug loading/release analysis of model thermosensitive PNIPAM-co-COOH microgels and shows how they can be quantified or minimized through targeted methodological refinements. Findings reveal that standard single-beam DLS underestimates the collapsed hydrodynamic radius by 18% at 43 °C due to thermal convection. After drift correction, 3D-DLS combined with SLS provides a consistent description of thermally induced collapse, pH-dependent swelling and core-corona structure. Regarding drug delivery, loading efficiency for Doxorubicin and 5-Fluorouracil is maximized near the volume phase transition temperature, where hydrophobic interactions are strongest. For release studies, dialysis is recommended, but free-drug blanks are required to account for membrane-induced delay and ensure accurate early kinetic profiles. By integrating TEM, AFM, SLS, DLS, NTA and LDE, this study establishes a robust framework for the colloidal characterization of thermosensitive microgels. These refinements reduce experimental bias and may be extended to related soft nanocarriers.

PMID 42505310
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PubMedChemical communications (Cambridge, England)2026-07-27

Photocatalyzed cyclization/sulfonylation of bromoamide-tethered alkenes with alkenyl thianthrenium salts to vinyl sulfones.

Wang Lin L, Luo Xiai X, Zhou Liwei L, Man Ying Y et al.

A visible-light-driven cyclization/sulfonylation of bromoamide-tethered alkenes with alkenyl thianthrenium salts and K2S2O5 is reported. Notably, the use of alkenyl thianthrenium salts as alkenyl precursors circumvents the stereoselectivity issues associated with conventional sulfonyl radical-alkyne additions, delivering vinyl sulfones with exclusive E-selectivity via SO2 insertion. Commercially available K2S2O5 serves a dual role as both the SO2 source and a single-electron donor, obviating the need for organic sulfur reagents or external metal reductants. The protocol features a broad substrate scope, high functional group tolerance, and operational simplicity. Mechanistic studies suggest a sequence of intramolecular radical cyclization, SO2 insertion, intermolecular radical addition, and elimination.

PMID 42505070
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PubMedOrganic letters2026-07-27

Synthesis and Reactions of Hydrazine Trifluoroborate Salts.

Ballerini Lorenzo L, Zhao Wenhao W, Tarasewicz Anika A, Méndez María M et al.

We report a new class of hydrazine trifluoroborate salts that undergo chemoselective reactions to deliver a range of new functionalized building blocks for organic synthesis. In particular, we show that a wide range of pyrazole N-methylboronates can be prepared by condensation reactions with 1,3-dicarbonyl compounds and conjugated ynones with high regiocontrol. Finally, the synthetic potential of these pyrazole derivatives is demonstrated by SEAr, three-component alkyl Petasis Boron-Mannich reaction, and through the synthesis of palovarotene analogs.

PMID 42504590
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PubMedEnvironmental science & technology2026-07-27

Inorganic Salts Modulate Spontaneous Interfacial H2O2 Formation in Surfactant-Containing Atmospheric Droplets.

Guo Zhongyu Z, Angelaki Maria M, Carreira Mendes Da Silva Yoan Y, Zhang Ruiqing R et al.

Hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) forms spontaneously at the air-water interface of atmospheric droplets, yet how this process is regulated in atmospherically relevant droplets containing surfactants remains unresolved. Here, by the gas-nebulization method, we generated droplets containing nonanoic acid (NA), a ubiquitous surface-active fatty acid in atmospheric aerosols, and systematically examined its influence on interfacial H2O2 formation. Increasing the NA concentration slightly suppressed H2O2 production primarily via scavenging its precursor •OH. Notably, as different inorganic salts were added to surfactant-containing droplets, H2O2 production displayed a distinct "V-shaped" trend with the salt concentration. This salt-induced "V-shaped" dependence closely mirrors surface tension variation reported for bulk surfactant solutions. Ab initio molecular dynamics simulations revealed that salt-induced deeper anchoring of the NA headgroup at the H2O2 minimum may enable optimal packing of NA, thereby increasing the interfacial NA concentration, enhancing •OH scavenging and suppressing H2O2 formation. Similar concentration-driven suppression is also observed for two charged surfactants, while salt responses diverge, with "V-shaped" behavior occurring only for headgroups capable of hydrogen bonding with interfacial water. These findings demonstrate that spontaneous H2O2 formation at droplet interfaces is governed by the coupled effects of inorganic salts and surfactants, which commonly coexist in atmospheric aerosol droplets.

PMID 42503707
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PubMedACS applied materials & interfaces2026-07-27

Deferoxamine-B-Functionalized Silicon Nanowire Field-Effect Transistor Interfaces for Ultralow-Concentration Fe3+ Detection in Semiconductor Process Chemicals.

Yadlapalli Bharath Kumar BK, Huang Tzu-Chen TC, Lee Yu-Hsiang YH, Cheng Yu-Che YC et al.

Maintaining ultralow metal-ion purity in process chemicals is crucial in semiconductor fabrication, where trace Fe3+ contamination can lead to dielectric breakdown, yield loss, and unintended doping. Inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) provides excellent qualitative and quantitative sensitivity; however, it requires specialized infrastructure, is time-consuming and costly, and is not well suited for rapid on-site screening. Herein, we present a deferoxamine-B (DFO-B)-functionalized silicon nanowire field-effect transistor (SiNW-FET) engineered for the ultrasensitive, label-free detection of Fe3+ in semiconductor-grade chemicals. Mixed PEG self-assembled monolayers were modified with DFO-B via aldehyde-amine coupling to form a stable, high-affinity chelation interface. In aqueous Fe3+ standards, the DFO-B-functionalized SiNW-FET exhibited a linear response from 10-15 to 10-11 M, with a practical LOD of 10-15 M and an above-Nernst sensitivity of -24 mV dec-1. In chemically complex matrices, the practical analytical boundary shifted upward, with reliable Fe3+ responses observed at approximately 10-12 M in a 23-element mixed-ion matrix and ∼10-13 M in a highly diluted IPA-derived multi-element matrix. Mechanistic analysis rationalizes the above-Nernst response using an equivalent-circuit framework involving chelation-associated chemical capacitance, coordination-induced interfacial polarization, and protonation-state effects. The sensor showed preferential Fe3+ response under tested interferent conditions and remained operational in mixed-ion and highly diluted IPA-containing matrices, while also revealing matrix-dependent shifts in analytical performance. This work introduces a rapid on-site Fe3+ screening approach based on a portable and potentially in situ-compatible SiNW-FET platform that can complement ICP-MS for contamination assessment, while establishing a modular sensing interface that can be extended to other transition metals through ligand substitution. With integration into microfluidic sample handling and CMOS-compatible readout, this technology offers a portable, point-of-use Fe3+ screening through a discrete incubation-rinse-electrical readout workflow.

PMID 42504480
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