北京若生智能科技有限公司
Drug Database
CA

calcitonin (Calsynar / calcitonin, Aventis / Calcin)

✓ Approved

Sanofi S.A · CALCR · 多肽类

什么是 calcitonin？

calcitonin 是一种多肽类，由Sanofi S.A研发。该药已获批，用于治疗相关适应症，给药途径：Inhaled。

药物档案

商品名Calsynar, calcitonin, Aventis, Calcin
公司Sanofi S.A
药物类别多肽类
分子靶点CALCR
给药途径Inhaled
状态Approved
来源： ClinicalTrials.gov, Sanofi S.A

作用机制

分子靶点

calcitonin 作用于 1 个分子靶点：

CALCRcalcitonin receptor (CT-R, CTR)
需要更深入的分析？Noah AI 可解释复杂机制并与同类药物比较。

治疗适应症

calcitonin 针对 3 个适应症，涉及 2 个治疗领域。

治疗领域疾病/病症分期
Surgical and medical proceduresHypercalcaemia therapy✓ Approved
Musculoskeletal and connective tissue disordersOsteitis deformans✓ Approved
Musculoskeletal and connective tissue disordersOsteoporosis✓ Approved

相关研究文献

PubMedAdvanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany)2026-10-26

Mechanical Distraction Engages a Neuro-Immune Program to Drive Regenerative Soft-Tissue Healing in Ilizarov Bone Transport.

Zhu Yueliang Y, Chen Jiayu J, Wen Xuehuan X, Tang Kaijia K et al.

The Ilizarov bone transport technique reproducibly accelerates soft-tissue healing around the distraction zone through an unexplained mechanism. Using a rat dynamic bone transport (DBT) model, we test whether a sensory neuro-immune axis links sustained mechanical distraction to tissue regeneration. DBT induced sensory reinnervation and established a calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP)-rich neurotrophic niche, which reorganized early inflammation and promoted vascular-epithelial expansion. Bulk RNA-seq revealed a neurodevelopmental transcriptional program, while single-cell RNA-seq showed reduced inflammatory myeloid subsets and expansion of reparative Arg1+ macrophages and protective neutrophil states. Capsaicin ablation of transient receptor potential vanilloid 1-positive (TRPV1+) sensory fibers abolished these transitions and DBT-enhanced repair, and local CGRP receptor blockade substantially attenuated it. We propose that the upstream step is mechanosensory; however, this component is a framework supported by correlative expression data, including Piezo1 detection in wound macrophages, and by functional perturbations of sensory nerves. Local strain was not measured, and direct mechanotransduction at the cellular level remains to be demonstrated. These findings indicate that Ilizarov-type distraction engages a sensory neuro-immune program that orchestrates inflammation resolution and soft-tissue regeneration, providing a mechanistic framework for a long-standing clinical observation.

PMID 42928501
阅读全文 →
PubMedHeadache2026-10-26

Research advances on the role of glutamate AMPA receptors in the pathogenesis and treatment of migraine: A narrative review.

Fan Yongli Y, Ye Wenlu W, Sun Yin Y, Li Dan D et al.

Migraine is a prevalent neurological disorder with incompletely understood mechanisms. Glutamate, the primary excitatory neurotransmitter, and its AMPA receptors (AMPARs) have emerged as key players in migraine pathophysiology. This study aimed to synthesize current evidence on the role of AMPA receptors in migraine pathogenesis and to evaluate the therapeutic potential of AMPA receptor antagonists in migraine management. This is a narrative review. A literature search was conducted on PubMed using the terms "migraine" AND "glutamate" AND "AMPA receptor." Additional related terms (e.g., "AMPA receptor antagonist," "perampanel," "cortical spreading depression (CSD)," "trigeminovascular system (TVS)," and "central sensitization") were used to broaden the search and capture relevant mechanistic and therapeutic studies. Only "English-language" articles published from inception to 2025 were considered. Relevant preclinical and clinical studies addressing the role of AMPA receptors in migraine pathophysiology (including "CSD," "TVS activation," and "central sensitization") and/or the therapeutic potential of AMPA receptor antagonists, particularly "perampanel," were included. No restrictions were placed on publication type. AMPARs contribute to migraine through multiple pathways. Their role in CSD remains controversial, with conflicting evidence on whether they are essential for CSD initiation and propagation. In contrast, AMPARs clearly facilitate TVS activation by promoting the release of calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) and pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating polypeptide (PACAP), driving neurogenic inflammation and nociceptive transmission. Moreover, phosphorylation of AMPAR subunits, particularly GluA1 at Ser81 and Ser845, is a critical molecular mechanism underlying central sensitization, leading to allodynia and migraine chronification. Although early AMPAR antagonists, such as BGG492, showed limited clinical efficacy, the selective noncompetitive AMPAR antagonist perampanel has demonstrated anti-migraine potential in preclinical models by inhibiting PACAP and CGRP release and has shown clinical benefit in patients with comorbid epilepsy and migraine. AMPA receptors play a pivotal role in TVS activation and central sensitization in migraine. Perampanel is a promising candidate for migraine therapy, but further clinical trials are needed to confirm its efficacy and safety in patients with migraine without epilepsy.

PMID 42929187
阅读全文 →
PubMedHeadache2026-10-26

Longitudinal effects of CGRP-targeting migraine therapies on blood pressure and body mass index: A 12-month retrospective analysis.

Phan Phillip P, Keith Scott S, Li Michael M, Hass Richard R et al.

To compare blood pressure (BP) and body mass index (BMI) trajectories associated with individual calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP)-targeting migraine therapies versus matched CGRP-unexposed controls. CGRP is a potent vasodilator with established roles in vascular homeostasis and metabolic regulation. Postmarketing surveillance identified BP elevations in erenumab-treated patients, prompting a U.S. Food and Drug Administration label update; however, comparative longitudinal data across CGRP monoclonal antibodies and gepants remain limited. Real-world evidence is needed to characterize medication-specific cardiovascular and metabolic effects in clinical practice. We conducted a retrospective cohort study using structured electronic health record data from the Jefferson Headache Center in Philadelphia, PA, USA (2018 to 2025). Adults initiating erenumab, fremanezumab, galcanezumab, atogepant, or preventive rimegepant were compared with propensity score-matched patients receiving migraine care without CGRP-targeting therapy. Twelve-month systolic BP (SBP), diastolic BP (DBP), and BMI trajectories were evaluated. A total of 6361 patients were included (1892 controls; 4469 CGRP-treated; 80.4% female; mean age 45.6 ± 15.3 years). Controls demonstrated a positive within-group SBP trajectory (0.16 mmHg/month; 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.06 to 0.27) and BMI trajectory (0.022 kg/m2/month; 95% CI 0.004 to 0.040) but not DBP trajectory (0.06 mmHg/month; 95% CI -0.02 to 0.14). Among CGRP-treated groups, only erenumab showed a positive within-group SBP trajectory (0.11 mmHg/month; 95% CI 0.02 to 0.20); however, the difference in slope between erenumab and controls was not significant (-0.05 mmHg/month; 95% CI -0.19 to 0.09). Compared with controls, atogepant (-0.38 mmHg/month; 95% CI -0.61 to -0.15), fremanezumab (-0.27 mmHg/month; 95% CI -0.42 to -0.11), and galcanezumab (-0.31 mmHg/month; 95% CI -0.46 to -0.16) demonstrated more negative SBP trajectories. For DBP, only atogepant showed a more negative trajectory than controls (-0.18 mmHg/month; 95% CI -0.32 to -0.04). For BMI, both atogepant (-0.113 kg/m2/month; 95% CI -0.159 to -0.067) and erenumab (-0.031 kg/m2/month; 95% CI -0.053 to -0.008) had more negative trajectories compared to controls. In this single-center study, CGRP-targeting therapies were not associated with greater BP increases than matched controls. Cardiometabolic trajectories varied by medication, with generally small BP differences and a robust BMI reduction with atogepant. These findings do not support a uniform adverse cardiometabolic class effect, though prospective studies with systematic monitoring are needed to confirm long-term clinical significance.

PMID 42928575
阅读全文 →
PubMedHeadache2026-10-26

Real-world diagnosis and treatment of individuals with migraine in the United States: The Migraine Insights in Diagnosis and Treatment (MIND) study.

Cohen Fred F, Martin Vincent V, Patel Avani A, Corman Shelby L SL et al.

The objective of this study was to describe the real-world diagnosis and treatment patterns of individuals newly diagnosed with migraine in the United States (US). Over 10% of adults in the US are living with migraine. Recent data from large, population-based studies on the diagnosis and treatment of migraine among individuals in the US who are newly diagnosed with migraine are lacking. The Migraine Insights in Diagnosis and Treatment (MIND) study is a retrospective cohort study conducted using the Optum® Market Clarity database. The study included individuals with a first migraine diagnosis between July 1, 2018, and June 30, 2021 (index date), who were ≥18 years old on the index date, had ≥12 months of pre-index and ≥36 months of post-index continuous claims enrollment, and no diagnosis of migraine or use of migraine-specific medications in the pre-index period. Outcomes included index migraine diagnosis (e.g., migraine type, setting of diagnosis, specialty of the diagnosing healthcare provider [HCP]), and use of medications to treat migraine (e.g., medications indicated for acute treatment, prevention, or both; other analgesics). Medications were further subcategorized into migraine-specific acute (triptans, gepants, ergots, and ditans) and preventive (gepants and calcitonin gene-related peptide [CGRP] targeted monoclonal antibodies [mAbs]) medications. All analyses were descriptive in nature. The study database included 911,128 individuals newly diagnosed with migraine, of whom 154,353 met all study eligibility criteria. Mean age was 46.1 years, 81.1% were female, and 66.3% were commercially insured. Common comorbidities included anxiety (40.5%), depression (28.2%), and sleep disorders (26.9%). The most common HCP specialty for the index migraine diagnosis was primary care (47.0%), followed by neurology (18.0%), and other (15.3%); diagnosis most often occurred in outpatient (89.5%) settings, followed by inpatient (7.7%), and emergency department (2.8%). Only 16.2% of individuals had a diagnostic test within 30 days before or after their index migraine diagnosis. A total of 111,345 (72.1%) individuals filled a prescription for a migraine medication in the 3 years after their index diagnosis, including 94,198 (61.0%) who received a medication for acute treatment and 62,596 (40.6%) who received a medication for prevention. The most commonly used acute migraine medication types prescribed first were NSAIDs (62.8%) and triptans (35.0%), while for prevention, it was beta blockers (23.2%) and anticonvulsants (21.6%). Migraine-specific preventive medications, CGRP-targeted mAbs (8.1%) and gepants (1.2%), were used first less frequently. A total of 71,199 (46.1%) individuals filled a prescription for an opioid in the 3 years after the index diagnosis of migraine, while 19,359 (12.5%) filled a prescription for butalbital. This study highlights the frequent utilization of medications that are not migraine-specific, both for acute treatment and preventive management of migraine. Increased efforts towards education for the optimal management of migraine should be implemented.

PMID 42929214
阅读全文 →
PubMedJournal of managed care & specialty pharmacy2026-10-25

The use of triptans, opioids, and other rescue medications among patients with migraine prescribed calcitonin gene-related peptide inhibitors for migraine prophylaxis.

Nguyen Jennifer L JL, Lee Tiffany T, Swart Elizabeth C S ECS, Peasah Samuel K SK et al.

Migraine attacks can be prevalent and debilitating, affecting 40 million adults in the United States. Patients can be prescribed prophylaxis (eg, β blockers, anticonvulsants, antidepressants) and rescue medications (eg, triptans, opioids [which are not recommended for use to treat migraine]) to treat and/or relieve migraine. Calcitonin gene-related peptide inhibitors (CGRPi) are the newest class of drugs approved for migraine prophylaxis. Patients taking CGRPi report reduced migraine frequency and severity, which should result in lower use of rescue migraine medications. To compare the use of triptans, rescue medications, and opioids for patients with migraines prescribed preventive CGRPi (pCGRi) and patients who are not prescribed pCGRPi. This retrospective cohort study used Komodo Health medical and pharmacy claims data from 2018 to 2023. Adults aged 18 to 60 years with a chronic migraine diagnosis and continuous enrollment for 12 months before and after index were included if they initiated a migraine medication (pCGRPi or non-CGRPi) during the index period. Outcomes included use of triptans, opioids, and other rescue medications in the post-index period compared with the pre-index period. Propensity score-matched cohorts were analyzed using adjusted logistic regression models with a treatment-by-time interaction term to estimate relative changes over time between cohorts. In adjusted analyses, compared with the non-CGRPi cohort, the pCGRPi cohort experienced lower odds in triptan use (interaction odds ratio [OR] = 0.57; 95% CI = 0.53-0.61; P < 0.001) and in opioid use (interaction OR = 0.92; 95% CI = 0.85-0.99; P  =  0.033). Although rescue medication use increased over time, the relative pre-post change did not differ significantly between cohorts (interaction OR = 0.96; 95% CI = 0.89-1.04; P = 0.28). Sensitivity analyses restricted to neurologist-prescribed index medications showed consistent findings for triptans, but not for use of opioids or rescue medications. In the cohort prescribed pCGRPi, there was a statistically significant association with decreased of triptan use over time. Comparatively, the non-CGRPi cohort had statistically significant increases in the use of triptans, opioids, and other rescue medications over time. These findings support that prophylactic use of pCGRPi may be associated with a reduced reliance on migraine-specific rescue medications.

PMID 42925254
阅读全文 →
PubMedCase reports in dermatology2026-10-25

Psoriasiform Drug Eruption following Fremanezumab: A Case Report.

Coffman Kayla K, Ross Madelyn M, Saurborn Emily E, Grimmett Ashley A et al.

Calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) inhibitors such as fremanezumab are used for migraine prevention. Although relatively safe, adverse skin reactions after beginning CGRP inhibitors have been reported in the literature. We present a case report on a patient who presented with a psoriasiform drug eruption 2 weeks after beginning fremanezumab. A 32-year-old female with no prior history of psoriasis had a psoriasiform drug eruption that began 2 weeks after injection of the CGRP inhibitor fremanezumab. The eruption began localized to the injection site and later spread to involve the trunk and extremities. Skin biopsy revealed histologic findings consistent with psoriasiform features. Discontinuation of the CGRP inhibitor led to the resolution of all skin manifestations. The complex effect of CGRP inhibitors on immune modulation may increase the risk of inflammatory skin reactions. These skin manifestations are important for clinicians to be aware of in patients with and without a history of inflammatory conditions. This case report offers further insight into the possible immune system effects present in inflammatory conditions such as psoriasis.

PMID 42924159
阅读全文 →

注册免费账户还可查看另外 9996 篇文献

免费注册查看全部文献 →

了解更多calcitonin