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calcitonin (Calsynar / calcitonin, Aventis / Calcin)

✓ Approved

Sanofi S.A · CALCR · 多肽类

什么是 calcitonin？

calcitonin 是一种多肽类，由Sanofi S.A研发。该药已获批，用于治疗相关适应症，给药途径：Inhaled。

药物档案

商品名Calsynar, calcitonin, Aventis, Calcin
公司Sanofi S.A
药物类别多肽类
分子靶点CALCR
给药途径Inhaled
状态Approved
来源： ClinicalTrials.gov, Sanofi S.A

作用机制

分子靶点

calcitonin 作用于 1 个分子靶点：

CALCRcalcitonin receptor (CT-R, CTR)
需要更深入的分析？Noah AI 可解释复杂机制并与同类药物比较。

治疗适应症

calcitonin 针对 3 个适应症，涉及 2 个治疗领域。

治疗领域疾病/病症分期
Surgical and medical proceduresHypercalcaemia therapy✓ Approved
Musculoskeletal and connective tissue disordersOsteitis deformans✓ Approved
Musculoskeletal and connective tissue disordersOsteoporosis✓ Approved

相关研究文献

PubMedClinical chemistry and laboratory medicine2026-09-10

Pre-analytical and analytical validation of calcitonin measurement in fine needle aspiration cytology washout.

Mater Amber A, Heijboer Annemieke C AC, Boelen Anita A, de Graaf Pim P et al.

Current guidelines advise calcitonin measurements in washout from fine needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) upon inconclusive cytological examination of medullary thyroid cancer (MTC). (Pre-)analytical validation studies of calcitonin measurements in FNAC washout are however missing. In this study, we examined (pre-)analytical aspects of calcitonin measurements using three washout solvents, aiming to provide insights for implementation of calcitonin measurements in FNAC washout as a supplementary test for diagnosing and monitoring patients with MTC. Validation studies were performed using CytoLyt, NaCl and MultiDiluent as washout solvents. Precision (intra- and inter-assay coefficients of variation (CV)), accuracy (linearity and recovery) and storage stability of each solvent were assessed after spiking with calcitonin standard. Calcitonin measurements were performed using the serum CALCT immunoassay (Siemens, Atellica). Decision criteria were set based on CLSI and manufacturer's manual. Measurements of calcitonin in MultiDiluent met all decision criteria: intra- and inter-assay CVs were ≤5.5 % and ≤9 %, serial dilutions were linear (R2=0.997) and median recovery was 148 % with limited variation. Furthermore, calcitonin concentrations remained stable (<10 % change) after storage. Measurements in CytoLyt were precise and accurate, but unstable upon storage. Measurements in NaCl only met the criteria for intra-assay CV and linearity. This study showed that MultiDiluent was the optimal solvent to use for calcitonin measurements in a non-serum matrix using the Atellica calcitonin immunoassay. CytoLyt performed suboptimal, while the performance of NaCl was poor. Further research is needed to validate the recommended work-up using patient-derived material.

PMID 42720008
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PubMedFrontiers in endocrinology2026-09-10

Pregnancy and lactation-associated osteoporosis in a postpartum woman with twin pregnancy: a 5-year follow-up case report.

Adnan Hussain Muthasim HM, Gao Xiaoyun X, Yu Xiuqi X, Zhang Chunyu C

Pregnancy and lactation-associated osteoporosis (PLO) is a rare but potentially disabling metabolic bone disorder that typically emerges in late pregnancy or the early postpartum period. Because its symptoms often present as common postpartum musculoskeletal complaints, diagnosis is frequently delayed until vertebral fractures are detected. This case report describes a postpartum woman with a twin pregnancy who developed multiple vertebral compression fractures, illustrating the diagnostic challenges, clinical features, and long-term outcomes of PLO. A 32-year-old woman presented with persistent low back pain two weeks after cesarean delivery of twins. She had been exclusively breastfeeding and reported inadequate dietary intake and recent weight loss. Thoracolumbar MRI revealed acute compression fractures at T12, L1, and L5. Laboratory evaluation demonstrated low 25-hydroxyvitamin D and parathyroid hormone levels, markedly elevated β-CTX and P1NP, and elevated prolactin. DXA showed significantly reduced lumbar bone mineral density (Z-score -3.25). Clinically significant secondary causes of osteoporosis were excluded based on available testing, and PLO was diagnosed. She was treated with calcium carbonate, calcitriol, alfacalcidol, calcitonin, and intravenous zoledronic acid (initial 5 mg dose during admission, with a second 5 mg dose administered at 1-year follow-up). Following treatment, biochemical markers normalized. At follow-up, MRI confirmed fracture healing, DXA demonstrated improved bone mineral density, and the patient reported complete resolution of symptoms. Long-term evaluation at 5 years showed sustained clinical stability and continued improvement in BMD. This case highlights the importance of considering PLO in postpartum women with severe back pain, particularly in the presence of risk factors such as low BMI, inadequate calcium intake, vitamin D insufficiency, exclusive breastfeeding, and twin pregnancy. Early recognition and management can prevent prolonged morbidity and support continued improvement in bone health.

PMID 42718481
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PubMedNeurology and therapy2026-09-10

Effectiveness of Rimegepant for the Acute Treatment of Migraine Among Participants Using Different Types of Preventive Therapy: Analyses from CONFIDENCE.

Lipton Richard B RB, Goadsby Peter J PJ, Pozo-Rosich Patricia P, Urani Alexandre A et al.

This analysis assessed the real-world effectiveness of rimegepant for the acute treatment of migraine in patients taking different types of preventive medication. The prospective, observational, CONFIDENCE study recruited participants in the United States with 3-14 headache days/30 days and a rimegepant prescription for the acute treatment of migraine via the Migraine Buddy® app. Over a 28-day period, participants reported daily on the occurrence, treatment, and outcomes of migraine attacks. The proportion of rimegepant-treated attacks that achieved meaningful pain relief, meaningful improvement in function, or treatment satisfaction were calculated by preventive medication type [none; oral preventive medication (OPM) only; onabotulinumtoxinA (onaBoNT-A) with/without OPM; or calcitonin gene-related peptide monoclonal antibody (CGRP mAb) with/without OPM]. Pain and functional outcomes were compared between attacks treated with rimegepant versus other acute medication combinations using adjusted generalized linear mixed models with logit link and random intercept for each participant. Among 2169 rimegepant-treated attacks, meaningful pain relief was achieved at 2 h and 4 h in 61.3% and 81.8%, respectively; corresponding values for meaningful improvement in function were 57.6% and 78.5%. Odds for all outcomes were higher with rimegepant versus other acute medication treatment combinations. Satisfaction with rimegepant treatment of the attack was > 60% across domains related to speed and effectiveness. Rates and adjusted odds ratios [aORs (95% CI)] for meaningful pain relief within 2 h with rimegepant versus other acute medication treatment combinations were: all attacks 61.3% versus 49.6%, aOR = 1.93 (1.52, 2.45), P < 0.001; no preventive medication 70.0% versus 41.8%, aOR = 4.56 (2.09, 9.92), P < 0.001; OPM 64.7% versus 56.5%, aOR = 1.76 (1.06, 2.90), P < 0.05; onaBoNT-A 62.0% versus 49.5%, aOR = 1.89 (1.24, 2.87), P < 0.01; and CGRP mAb 54.4% versus 46.8%, aOR = 1.66 (1.09, 2.53), P < 0.05. High rates of meaningful pain relief, meaningful improvement in function, and treatment satisfaction were observed with rimegepant for the acute treatment of migraine when used alongside different types of preventive medication in the real world. ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT06467370. Graphical abstract available for this article.

PMID 42717153
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PubMedMolecular biomedicine2026-09-09

Neuroimmune interactions: from molecular mechanisms to therapeutic targets.

Hao Yi-Hang YH, Shi Rong-Jia RJ, Tang Ya-Ling YL, Liang Xin-Hua XH

Neuroimmune interactions reveal that the central nervous system (CNS) is dynamically integrated with peripheral immunity. This bidirectional communication is mediated by microglia, astrocytes, peripheral immune cells, and the neurovascular unit through cytokines, chemokines, complement proteins, neurotransmitters, and neuropeptides. At the molecular level, pattern-recognition receptors, including Toll-like receptors and nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain-like receptors, activate NF-κB, MAPK, and JAK-STAT signaling. These pathways regulate cytokine production, oxidative stress, cellular metabolism, and glial phenotypes. NOD-like receptor thermal protein domain associated protein 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome activation induces caspase-1-dependent maturation of IL-1β and IL-18 and promotes pyroptosis, thereby amplifying neuroinflammation. Complement C1q/C3-CR3 signaling mediates synaptic pruning, whereas C-C motif chemokine ligand 2 (CCL2)-CCR2 signaling promotes leukocyte recruitment and microglial activation. Cytokines and matrix metalloproteinases disrupt endothelial tight junctions and compromise blood-brain barrier integrity. In addition, calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) and substance P activate neuropeptide receptors to drive neurogenic inflammation. Together, these molecular circuits regulate glial activation, immune-cell trafficking, synaptic remodeling, neuronal excitability, vascular function, and cell survival. Their dysregulation contributes to neurodegenerative, neuroinflammatory, psychiatric, neurodevelopmental, and peripheral diseases through the blood-brain barrier, gut-brain axis, and vagus nerve. This Review summarizes how molecular neuroimmune mechanisms drive disease initiation, progression, and heterogeneity, and discusses emerging therapies targeting inflammasomes, complement, chemokine receptors, neuropeptide signaling, and microbiota to advance biomarker-guided, personalized neuroimmune medicine.

PMID 42714778
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PubMedImmunity, inflammation and disease2026-09-09

Hypercalcemia in a Patient With Spinal Tuberculosis and Aspergillus Co-Infection: A Case-Report.

Parsa Negin N, Amlelshahbaz Amirpasha A, Soltani Hamidreza H

Tuberculosis (TB), one of the leading infectious causes of mortality worldwide, may disseminate hematogenously and result in extrapulmonary manifestations. Spinal tuberculosis (ST) is an uncommon but serious form of extrapulmonary TB. In addition, TB may predispose patient to opportunistic infections, including Aspergillus species. A 62-year-old man presented with chronic back pain and sudden paraplegia. High-resolution computed tomography (HRCT) of the chest demonstrated findings suggestive of miliary TB, which was supported by a strongly positive purified protein derivative (PPD) test and a positive sputum smears for acid-fast bacilli. Anti-TB therapy was subsequently initiated. Aspiration of an epidural abscess revealed a positive polymerase chain reaction (PCR) result for Mycobacterium tuberculosis, while histopathological examination demonstrated septate hyaline hyphae suggestive of Aspergillus species. During hospitalization, the patient developed recurrent fever, agitation, and progression of pulmonary lesions. In conjunction with a positive serum galactomannan assay, these findings raised suspicion for concomitant aspergillosis infection, prompting initiation antifungal therapy with amphotericin B and voriconazole. A major clinical challenge was severe hypercalcemia, which progressed despite intravenous hydration and calcitonin therapy, reaching a peak serum calcium level of 18.01 mg/dl. Subsequent treatment with pamidronate resulted in gradual normalization of serum calcium levels. This case highlights the diagnostic and therapeutic challenges associated with spinal tuberculosis, probable Aspergillus co-infection, and severe treatment-resistant hypercalcemia. Clinicians should consider opportunistic fungal infections and metabolic complications when evaluating patients with disseminated TB.

PMID 42712159
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PubMedThe Annals of pharmacotherapy2026-09-09

Efficacy and Safety of Fremanezumab in Episodic Migraine: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.

Ibrahim Taha T, Burhan Muhammad M, Bin Shafiq Shaheer S, Wajahat Ali A et al.

Fremanezumab, a calcitonin gene-related peptide monoclonal antibody, is approved for migraine prevention, yet evidence specific to episodic migraine remains limited. We synthesized randomized evidence on its efficacy and safety. Following Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines (PROSPERO CRD420261385104), we systematically searched PubMed, Embase, and Scopus from inception to June 5, 2026, for placebo-controlled randomized controlled trials (RCTs) evaluating fremanezumab for episodic migraine prevention. Primary outcomes were the ≥50% responder rate and change in monthly migraine days. Random-effects meta-analyses were performed, and risk of bias was assessed using the Cochrane RoB 2 tool. Four RCTs including 1764 participants were included. Fremanezumab significantly increased the ≥50% responder rate (risk ratio: 1.81, 95% CI: 1.53-2.15) and reduced monthly migraine days (mean difference: -1.98, 95% CI: -2.93 to -1.03), headache days, acute medication-use days, and migraine-related disability. Overall safety was comparable to placebo, with no significant differences in treatment-emergent adverse events, serious adverse events, or treatment discontinuations; injection-site induration occurred more frequently with fremanezumab. This meta-analysis strengthens the evidence supporting fremanezumab as an effective and generally well-tolerated preventive therapy for episodic migraine. The demonstrated reductions in migraine frequency, disability, and acute medication use, together with flexible monthly and quarterly dosing, support its use in appropriately selected patients and may facilitate individualized treatment decisions by clinicians and pharmacists. Although the inclusion of pediatric data expands the current evidence base, these findings should be interpreted cautiously because they are derived from a single randomized trial. Fremanezumab is an effective and generally well-tolerated preventive treatment for episodic migraine. Evidence is robust in adults, whereas pediatric findings remain preliminary and warrant confirmation in future randomized trials.

PMID 42714090
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