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spironolactone

✓ Approved

Pfizer, Inc. · NR3C2 · 小分子

什么是 spironolactone？

spironolactone 是一种小分子，由Pfizer, Inc.研发。该药已获批，用于治疗相关适应症，给药途径：Oral (PO)。

药物档案

公司Pfizer, Inc.
药物类别小分子
分子靶点NR3C2, SCNN1A
给药途径Oral (PO)
状态Approved
来源： ClinicalTrials.gov, Pfizer, Inc.

作用机制

分子靶点

spironolactone 作用于 2 个分子靶点：

NR3C2nuclear receptor subfamily 3 group C member 2 (NR3C2VIT, MR)
SCNN1Asodium channel epithelial 1 subunit alpha (SCNEA, BESC2)
需要更深入的分析？Noah AI 可解释复杂机制并与同类药物比较。

治疗适应症

spironolactone 针对 3 个适应症，涉及 3 个治疗领域。

治疗领域疾病/病症分期
Cardiac disordersCardiac failure✓ Approved
Vascular disordersHypertension✓ Approved
General disorders and administration site conditionsOedema due to cardiac disease✓ Approved

相关研究文献

PubMedDentistry journal2026-07-27

Health Literacy and Oral Health Behaviors Among Dental Medicine Students: A Cross-Sectional Study.

Armencia Adina Oana AO, Vasluianu Roxana-Ionela RI, Nicolau Andrei A, Scutariu Monica Mihaela MM et al.

Background/Objectives: Health literacy is closely related to preventive behaviors, but its connection with actual oral health practices is still not fully clear, especially in the digital context. This study aimed to assess the association between general health literacy, digital oral health literacy, and oral health behaviors among dental medicine students. Methods: An observational cross-sectional study was conducted on a sample of 304 students. General health literacy was assessed using HLS-EU-Q16, digital oral health literacy using SMOHLQ, and oral health behaviors using HU-DBI. Statistical analyses included descriptive statistics, Spearman correlations, and linear regression models. Results: Oral health behaviors were moderate, while general literacy ranged from problematic to adequate, and digital literacy was high. No significant associations were identified between general health literacy and oral health behaviors (p > 0.05). Digital oral health literacy showed weak negative correlations with behaviors (r = -0.136, p = 0.018). Place of residence was a significant predictor (β = -0.394, p < 0.001), with the model explaining 16.2% of the variance. Conclusions: In this sample of dental medicine students, health literacy was not clearly related to better oral health behaviors. Digital oral health literacy was generally high, but its association with oral health behaviors was weak. Place of residence was associated with oral health behaviors, suggesting that preventive educational approaches for dental medicine students should also consider contextual factors.

PMID 42505747
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PubMedDentistry journal2026-07-27

Oral Health Values, Oral Hygiene Habits, and Preventive Dental Attendance Among Health-Related and Non-Health-Related University Students: A Cross-Sectional Study.

Dulić Klara K, Čandrlić Marija M, Miškulin Ivan I, Kralik Kristina K et al.

Background/Objectives: This study aimed to assess oral health values, oral hygiene habits, preventive dental attendance, and lifestyle-related risk factors among students at the University of Osijek and to compare findings between students enrolled in health-related and non-health-related study programs. Methods: A cross-sectional survey was conducted among 331 students (186 health-related and 145 non-health-related). Participants were recruited using a convenience sampling approach. Data were collected using an anonymous questionnaire comprising demographic information, oral health-related behaviors, and the Croatian version of the Oral Health Values Scale (OHVS-CRO). Group differences were analyzed using nonparametric statistical tests. Results: Students enrolled in health-related study programs reported significantly more favorable oral hygiene behaviors, including more frequent toothbrushing, greater use of dental floss, interdental brushes, and mouthwash, as well as more regular preventive dental attendance (all p < 0.05). They also achieved significantly higher OHVS-CRO scores across all domains and on the total scale (median total score: 42 vs. 40; p < 0.001). No significant differences were observed regarding smoking, alcohol consumption, or refined sugar intake. Conclusions: Students enrolled in health-related study programs demonstrated higher oral health values and more favorable oral health-related behaviors than students enrolled in non-health-related study programs. These findings suggest an association between educational orientation and oral health values and behaviors and may inform future oral health promotion initiatives targeting university students.

PMID 42505718
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PubMedJournal of fungi (Basel, Switzerland)2026-07-27

Oral Mycobiome: Composition, Functionality and Clinical Implication.

Cruz Geovani Moreira da GMD, Fraga Amanda Siqueira AS, Garcia Maíra Terra MT, Junqueira Juliana Campos JC

Historically, the study of oral fungal species was limited by the inability to cultivate most of them. However, advances in metagenomic techniques have enabled the direct identification of microbial genomes from human samples, markedly broadening our understanding of the oral mycobiome. This narrative review aims to analyze the available scientific evidence on the composition and dynamics of the oral mycobiome, as well as its influence on the development of local pathological conditions. The oral mycobiome is highly diverse, with emphasis on genus Candida, followed by Cladosporium, Aureobasidium and Saccharomyces. Candida albicans remains the most frequently identified species in both health and diseases state. However, individuals with oral candidiasis present a higher detection of Candida dubliniensis, Candida parapsilosis, Pichia kudriavzevii, Antrodiella micra and Cladosporium sphaerospermum. In dental caries, C. albicans and C. dubliniensis are associated with advanced lesions, whereas Debaryomyces and Rhodotorula may exert protective effects against Streptococcus mutans, a cariogenic bacterium. In periodontitis, an increase in yeast-bacteria interactions is observed. Additionally, C. albicans has been implicated in oral carcinogenesis through multiple mechanisms. These findings highlight the need for a deeper understanding of the oral mycobiome to enable early detection of oral diseases and the development of therapeutic approaches.

PMID 42506289
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PubMedThe Cochrane database of systematic reviews2026-07-27

Switching from sulphasalazine or oral 5-aminosalicylic acid to another oral 5-aminosalicylic acid drug in the maintenance of remission in ulcerative colitis.

Abed Osama O, Hallan Andreas A, Norlén Mie Micheelsen MM, Koch Hansen Lars L et al.

This is a protocol for a Cochrane Review (intervention). The objectives are as follows: To assess the probability of failure to maintain clinical remission, endoscopic remission, or both, following a switch from SASP or oral 5-ASA drug (comparator) to another oral 5-ASA drug (experimental) in adult ulcerative colitis patients at 52 weeks of follow-up. The intervention of switching to the experimental drug will be compared to the continuation of the comparator drug. To assess the safety of switching from SASP or oral 5-ASA to another oral 5-ASA drug in the aforementioned population.

PMID 42504800
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PubMedVaccines2026-07-27

Oral HPV Dynamics in MSM Living with HIV in the Nine-Valent HPV Vaccination Era.

Zulian Verdiana V, Sanctis Martina De M, Pauciullo Silvia S, Sciamanna Roberta R et al.

Background/Objectives: Oral human papillomavirus (HPV) infection is emerging as a key driver of HPV-associated oropharyngeal cancer, especially in high-risk groups such as men who have sex with men (MSM) living with HIV (PLWH). However, evidence on oral HPV persistence and the impact of nine-valent HPV vaccination in adults remains limited. We conducted a prospective longitudinal study including 76 MSM PLWH, of whom 64 were nine-valent HPV-vaccinated and 12 unvaccinated. Methods: Oral rinse samples were collected at baseline (T0) and after 6 months (T6). HPV DNA detection and genotyping were performed using the Allplex™ HPV28 assay. Oral HPV dynamics (persistence, clearance, and incidence) were assessed for high-risk (HR) HPV, low-risk (LR) HPV, and vaccine-type HPV genotypes. Results: Baseline oral HPV prevalence was high (59.2%), with HR HPV detected in 43.4% of participants. HPV16 was the most frequent genotype at both T0 and T6. Among participants HPV-positive at baseline, persistence of HPV DNA was high and similar regardless of vaccination status (77.8%). However, incident vaccine-type oral HPV infection was significantly lower among vaccinated individuals than unvaccinated participants (6.3% vs. 33.3%; OR 0.13, 95% CI: 0.03-0.71; p = 0.0441). Finally, reporting ≥10 sexual partners in the previous year was significantly associated with baseline oral HPV positivity (p = 0.0298). Conclusions: In MSM PLWH, oral HPV infection is highly prevalent and persistent, underscoring that it may represent a reservoir for HPV-related oropharyngeal disease. In our small observational cohort, nine-valent HPV vaccination was associated with lower incident detection of vaccine-type oral HPV, supporting targeted vaccination and oral HPV surveillance in high-risk adult populations, while highlighting the need for larger longitudinal studies to confirm these findings and better define the magnitude and durability of vaccine-associated protection at the oral site.

PMID 42506626
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PubMedDentistry journal2026-07-27

Health-Related Quality of Life in Primary Sjögren's Syndrome: Oral Manifestations and Patient-Reported Outcomes.

Vujović Ristić Sanja S, Mojsilović Jana J, Stevanović Momir M, Djurdjević Milica M et al.

Background/Objectives: Primary Sjögren's syndrome (pSS) is a chronic autoimmune rheumatic disease that clinically presents with symptoms of xerostomia and xerophthalmia, as well as a wide range of other symptoms that may affect patients' daily functioning and life satisfaction. The main purpose of this study was to assess their health-related quality of life (HRQoL) using both general and disease-specific questionnaires. Methods: This cross-sectional observational research with prospective data collection was conducted at the Rheumatology Clinic of the University Clinical Centre of Kragujevac. Participants were divided into two groups: patients with oral manifestations (oral manifestations group) and those presenting with xerostomia only, without other oral lesions or symptoms (xerostomia-only group). A complete clinical examination of the patient's oral cavity was performed by one doctor of dental medicine. HRQoL was evaluated using various generic and disease-specific instruments. Results: A total of 80 participants were included in the study, of whom 40 were in the oral manifestations group and 40 in the xerostomia-only group. Patients with oral manifestations had significantly higher scores across all PSS-QoL domains compared with the xerostomia-only group (p < 0.001). A statistically significant difference in the total EQ-5D result was detected between groups (0.7 (0.3) vs. 0.8 (0.1), p < 0.001). In multivariable regression analysis (R2 = 0.921), the ESSPRI score (β = 0.418, p < 0.001) and the presence of oral manifestations (β = -1.155, p < 0.001) were significant independent predictors of impaired HRQoL, while disease activity showed no significant association (p = 0.895). Conclusions: Patients with primary Sjögren's syndrome presenting with oral manifestations have poorer HRQoL compared with participants with xerostomia only. Symptom burden, including dryness, pain, fatigue, and oral manifestations, may be associated with decreased HRQoL, in contrast to disease activity.

PMID 42505709
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